From Celsius to Chaos to Cyclones: Using Temperature-Conversion Equations to Introduce Advanced Mathematical Concepts in Earth Science Courses     

John A. Knox 《Mathematical Geology》2000,32(2):203-215

The Fahrenheit-to-Celsius temperature-conversion equation is a basic component of many introductory earth science courses. Despite its simplicity, it presents a challenge to students and instructors alike because residents of the United States are unfamiliar with the Celsius scale. By solving for the point at which these two temperature scales are equal, it is possible to use the equations for temperature conversion as a springboard to more advanced topics. It is demonstrated that temperature-conversion equations and chaotic equations can be solved using identical numerical and graphical techniques. As a result, the fundamental concepts of chaos theory and numerical methods can be introduced to students in the context of the simplest equations in the earth sciences. These solution methods are applied to the quantitative theory of the extratropical cyclone as an example of the utility and broad scope of this educational approach.  相似文献   

中国登陆热带气旋与太平洋海表温度的关系   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

冯利华 《地理学报》2003,58(2):209-214

根据1951～2000年中国登陆热带气旋与厄尔尼诺年、拉尼娜年的关系分析,得到了一些重要认识：(1) 在厄尔尼诺年,中国登陆热带气旋数偏少;(2) 厄尔尼诺事件强度越大,中国登陆热带气旋数越少;(3) 厄尔尼诺事件的结束时间若超过5月1日,那么次年中国登陆热带气旋数偏少;(4) 中国登陆热带气旋数的特多年主要集中在拉尼娜年;(5) 在拉尼娜次年,中国登陆热带气旋数偏少;(6) 中国登陆热带气旋强度越大,在厄尔尼诺年出现机会越少;(7) 在厄尔尼诺年,中国初旋偏迟,终旋偏早。同时对其机理进行了探讨。  相似文献   

半圆型结构冰压力的物理模拟试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李志军  王永学  曲月霞  李广伟  李春花  王喜文 《冰川冻土》2003,25(4):445-452

利用DUT-1非冻结合成模型冰开展1:25冰对半圆型构件的物理模拟试验研究. 首先用简单的斜面构件的物理模拟试验检验了整体试验装置和技术设备的可靠性, 然后以同样比尺进行2种冰厚在5个不同水位条件的系列试验, 获得了模型冰排在半圆型构件前的破碎堆积现象和作用于构件上的水平和垂直作用力过程.结合实测模型冰物理和力学指标, 通过优化组合, 拟合出半圆型防波堤冰荷载的试验公式. 这些公式包含了冰对半圆型结构的弯曲破坏作用力、挤压破坏作用力及爬坡和堆积作用力.  相似文献   

圆形建筑物倾斜观测的新方法     

周扬眉 《测绘与空间地理信息》2000,23(1):38-39

基于全站仪和光电测距仪,本文提出了圆形建筑物倾斜观测的新方法,并推导出了相应的计算公式。  相似文献   

关于风浪预报公式和风区宽度的注记     

杨日石 《海洋学研究》2000,18(3):1-6

从定常波的风浪波高随风距成长的预报公式出发 ,在一定条件下 ,导出各波向上风浪波高分量与该波向上的风距之间的关系 ,以便在不规则风区上推算风浪波高和平均波向 ;同时 ,对风区宽度作了定量化的分析。  相似文献   

Corrected Formula of Bed Resistance Coefficient for Plane Numerical Simulation of Tidal Current   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宋志尧  刘一凡 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(2):221-227

By means of a logarithm law for the velocity profile,a corrected formula of bed resistancecoefficient,which involves many factors such as gradient of still water depth,variation of surfaceelevation,flow direction,and so on,is derived from the 3D governing equations of tidal current by aver-aging over the whole water depth.Theoretical analysis and application have shown that the 2D plane tidalcurrent numerical model would be more reasonable and could be applied to steep bottom topographywhen the corrected bed resistance coefficient is used,therefore the results of reproduction simulation andengineering calculation would be more scientific and reasonable.  相似文献   

The atmospheric geoid effects in Stokes' formula   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lars E. Sjöberg  & Hossein Nahavandchi 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,140(1):95-100

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利用差分进化算法反求含水层参数   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张全兴  常安定 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(5)

为更好地估算含水层参数,引入了差分进化算法。该算法是一种智能优化算法,其特点是借助现有近似解群体间的距离及方向指导未来的搜索行为,兼具有较好的全局寻优能力和较快的局部搜索能力。用此算法求解了均质各向同性及均质各向异性条件下Theis公式中的含水层参数,所用降深数据是在设定参数后利用解析解计算得到的。计算结果表明,该算法较传统方法计算精度高,不受人为因素干扰。  相似文献   

奇异Itô随机系统几个重要基础问题的研究进展     

赵勇  张维海 《南京气象学院学报》2017,9(3):237-245

近年来,一类由Itô随机微分方程驱动的奇异随机系统因其在实际领域中的广泛应用而备受关注.然而,系统方程同时包含奇异矩阵和扩散矩阵,大大增加了分析问题的复杂性.本文首先概述了奇异Itô随机系统几个重要基础问题的研究进展,主要包括:系统方程解的存在条件、广义Itô公式、容许性定义及稳定性问题.同时针对不同文献对上述问题的研究结果提出了自己的观点.最后对以上基础问题研究待解决的问题进行了展望.  相似文献   

Precise geoid determination over Sweden using the Stokes–Helmert method and improved topographic corrections     

H. Nahavandchi  L. E. Sjöberg 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(2-3):74-88

 Four different implementations of Stokes' formula are employed for the estimation of geoid heights over Sweden: the Vincent and Marsh (1974) model with the high-degree reference gravity field but no kernel modifications; modified Wong and Gore (1969) and Molodenskii et al. (1962) models, which use a high-degree reference gravity field and modification of Stokes' kernel; and a least-squares (LS) spectral weighting proposed by Sj?berg (1991). Classical topographic correction formulae are improved to consider long-wavelength contributions. The effect of a Bouguer shell is also included in the formulae, which is neglected in classical formulae due to planar approximation. The gravimetric geoid is compared with global positioning system (GPS)-levelling-derived geoid heights at 23 Swedish Permanent GPS Network SWEPOS stations distributed over Sweden. The LS method is in best agreement, with a 10.1-cm mean and ±5.5-cm standard deviation in the differences between gravimetric and GPS geoid heights. The gravimetric geoid was also fitted to the GPS-levelling-derived geoid using a four-parameter transformation model. The results after fitting also show the best consistency for the LS method, with the standard deviation of differences reduced to ±1.1 cm. For comparison, the NKG96 geoid yields a 17-cm mean and ±8-cm standard deviation of agreement with the same SWEPOS stations. After four-parameter fitting to the GPS stations, the standard deviation reduces to ±6.1 cm for the NKG96 geoid. It is concluded that the new corrections in this study improve the accuracy of the geoid. The final geoid heights range from 17.22 to 43.62 m with a mean value of 29.01 m. The standard errors of the computed geoid heights, through a simple error propagation of standard errors of mean anomalies, are also computed. They range from ±7.02 to ±13.05 cm. The global root-mean-square error of the LS model is the other estimation of the accuracy of the final geoid, and is computed to be ±28.6 cm. Received: 15 September 1999 / Accepted: 6 November 2000  相似文献