西北太平洋波候与大气涛动的联系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李靖  周林  马卫民  史剑  张涵斌 《海洋学报》2013,35(5):59-66

利用ECMWF 1958-2001年44 a的ERA-40海浪再分析资料计算了西北太平洋海域(0°~45°N,99°~160°E)月平均有效波高(SWH)、平均周期(T)与北太平洋模态指数(NPI)、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和多变量ENSO指数(MEI)等大气涛动之间的时间和空间的相关性,重点探讨了NPI对北半球西太平洋波候(SWH和T)的影响。结果表明:NPI、PDO和MEI均与SWH和T有显著的相关性;NPI与SWH和T呈现正相关性,NPI超前SWH和T半年左右正相关最强,最强的相关海域位于日本和菲律宾以东洋面;NPI还存在3~5 a、8~9 a和13~15 a的年际和年代际周期变化; NPI高指数且PDO负位相或MEI负位相均使得SWH和T 增大; MEI冷位相且叠加PDO负位相时也利于SWH和T增大。NPI影响西北太平洋波候的可能机制是:NPI处于低(高)指数时,阿留申低压加深(减弱)且位置偏东(西),北太平洋西风带海面风速急流出现(消失),太平洋副热带东北信风大值区东移(西移),西北太平洋海域信风减弱(加强),西北太平洋海域有效波高和平均周期随之减小(增大)。中、东太平洋西向传播的涌浪对西北太平洋海域波侯有重要影响。  相似文献   

人工蜂群算法优化SVR的叶面积指数反演     

周晓雪  李楠  潘耀忠  孙莉昕 《遥感学报》2022,26(4):766-780

支持向量机回归SVR（Support Vector Regression）方法作为叶面积指数反演的一种新思路,在LAI反演中具有一定的应用价值和前景,但SVR算法中惩罚系数C、核函数宽度参数g、不敏感损失函数参数ε的取值对回归精度有显著的影响。本文提出了一种基于人工蜂群算法ABC（Artificial Bee Colony）优化SVR参数的遥感影像叶面积指数反演方法。研究数据为美国土壤水分实验（SMEX02）2002年LAI实测数据和同期的Landsat 7 ETM+地表反射率数据,为了验证ABC算法优化SVR各个参数对反演精度的影响,建立了未优化参数（SVR）、优化单个参数（ABC-SVR-C,ABC-SVR-g,ABC-SVR-ε）、优化3个参数（ABC-SVR）的3类LAI反演模型,并比较了其回归拟合精度。在此基础上,分析了3个关键参数对LAI反演模型精度的敏感性,并对ABC算法优化SVR模型的精度进行显著性检验。研究表明：（1）相比未优化参数模型,ABC算法优化模型具有更高的反演精度,优化3个参数优于优化单个参数,回归直线斜率k达到0.797、决定系数r²达到0.775。（2）SVR的3个关键参数对模型精度都有影响,相较参数C和g,参数ε引起模型精度的不确定性更高。（3）95%的置信区间下,ABC-SVR模型与SVR模型的回归直线斜率k、r²、RMSE的差异显著性检验P值均小于0.005,ABC算法显著改善了SVR模型的精度。  相似文献   

气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应——从“亚太气候(灾害)移民政策响应地区会议”看灾害移民政策的调整     

周洪建  孙业红 《地球科学进展》2012,27(5):573-580

简要介绍了2011年9月15～16日在菲律宾马尼拉召开的"亚太气候(灾害)移民政策响应"地区会议,并着重阐述了当前国际灾害移民领域的重要进展和发展趋向,结合气候变化背景下中国重特大自然灾害移民案例,初步提出了气候变化背景下灾害移民的政策响应。区分渐发性、突发性灾害,综合"自上而下"与"自下而上"的工作方式,建立"政府—企业—社区/个人"协同合作机制,形成区域内—外合作,统筹短期安置与长远发展的灾害移民政策。所提的灾害移民响应政策综合多时空、多方法、多要素,可为气候变化背景下提升中国综合灾害风险防范能力,最大限度地降低灾害损失提供重要参考。  相似文献   

锡西—澄南典型地面沉降区地面沉降风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

于军  束龙仓  温忠辉 《江苏地质》2012,36(1):74-79

选择长三角苏锡常地面沉降最为典型地段—无锡西部至江阴南部地区,系统分析了地面沉降现状及成因机理,建立了地面沉降风险评价指标体系。结合该区实际对体系中的评价指标进行了优选,依据地面沉降分层标监测数据、各评价指标要素对地面沉降灾害的贡献率分别对地面沉降易发性和易损性指标权重进行了修正。在地面沉降易发性、易损性评价基础上,利用GIS进行了地面沉降风险评价,根据评价结果提出了地面沉降风险控制规划建议。  相似文献   

台湾河海输运系统宿命整合研究综述     

赵强  修宗祥 《地球科学进展》2013,28(1):31-38

台湾河海输运系统宿命研究是一个“从源到汇”的整合性研究计划,包括FATES-KP,FATES-COMMARC和FATES-HYPER 3个独立计划,自2003年启动至今已历时9年,分阶段滚动发展,取得了众多研究成果.该研究计划试图查清在构造活跃的热带季风气候区,并常有台风侵袭的浪控弱潮海岸环境下,沉积物在山区小径流、窄陆架、陆坡及海底峡谷之间的物质分散机制,且随着研究的深入,研究区逐步向南海北部、台湾海峡以及冲绳海槽扩展,在南海“从源到汇”的研究中一枝独秀.通过综述台湾河海输运系统宿命整合研究计划,对其研究方法、内容、取得的成果及遇到的问题进行了简要分析,以期为大陆南海北部“从源到汇”的研究提供借鉴.  相似文献   

气候政策建模研究综述:基于文献计量分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏一鸣  米志付  张皓 《地球科学进展》2013,28(8):930-938

利用SCI-E和SSCI网络版数据库,使用文献计量方法对1981—2012年间气候政策建模领域的科学产出进行分析。通过对气候政策建模领域的基本特征分析,发现气候政策建模是一个多学科交叉的领域;发达国家在此领域的实力明显强于发展中国家,欧美占据主导地位。通过对关键词的词频分析,发现气候政策建模领域的6个研究热点:减排机制、不确定性、成本效益分析、发展情景、技术进步和公平性。分析还发现,此领域最主流的分析框架是综合评估模型,最主要的模型方法有最优化模型、可计算一般均衡模型和模拟模型;行为模型和数据包络分析模型具有很强的应用潜力。通过对中国在该领域国际地位的分析,提出了该领域发展的相关建议。  相似文献   

Towards long-multitemporal change detection using SVI differencing by integrated DWT–ISOCLUS: a model for forest temporal dynamics mapping     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):108-132

Abstract

Characterisation and mapping of land cover/land use within forest areas over long-multitemporal intervals is a complex task. This complexity is mainly due to the location and extent of such areas and, as a consequence, to the lack of full continuous cloud-free coverage of those large regions by one single remote sensing instrument. In order to provide improved long-multitemporal forest change detection using Landsat MSS and ETM + in part of Mt. Kenya rainforest, and to develop a model for forest change monitoring, wavelet transforms analysis was tested against the ISOCLUS algorithm for the derivation of changes in natural forest cover, as determined using four simple ratio-based Vegetation Indices: Simple Ratio (SR), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Renormalised Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI) and modified simple ratio (MSR). Based on statistical and empirical accuracy assessments, RDVI presented the optimal index for the case study. The overall accuracy statistic of the wavelet derived change/no-change was used to rank the performances of the indices as: RDVI (91.68%), MSR (82.55%), NDVI (79.73%) and SR (65.34%). The integrated discrete wavelet transform–ISOCLUS (DWT–ISOCLUS) result was 42.65% higher than the independent ISOCLUS approach in mapping the change/no-change information. The methodology suggested in this study presents a cost-effective and practical method to detect land-cover changes in support of decision-making for updating forest databases, and for long-term monitoring of vegetation changes from multisensor imagery. The current research contributes to Digital Earth with regards to geo-data acquisition, data mining and representation of one forest systems.  相似文献   

Impacts of long-line aquaculture of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) on sulfate reduction and diffusive nutrient flux in the coastal sediments of Jinhae–Tongyeong,Korea     

Jung-Ho Hyun  Sung-Han Kim  Jin-Sook Mok  Jae Seong Lee  Sung-Uk An  Won-Chan Lee  Rae-Hong Jung 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

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Marine spatial planning and oil spill risk analysis: Finding common grounds     

Catarina Frazão Santos  Jaqueline Michel  Mário Neves  João Janeiro  Francisco Andrade  Michael Orbach 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

A flow of key information links marine spatial planning (MSP) and oil spill risk analysis (OSRA), two distinct processes needed to achieve true sustainable management of coastal and marine areas. OSRA informs MSP on areas of high risk to oil spills allowing a redefinition of planning objectives and the relocation of activities to increase the ecosystem’s overall utility and resilience. Concomitantly, MSP continuously generates a large amount of data that is vital to OSRA. The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) mapping system emerges as an operational tool to implement the MSP–OSRA link. Given the high level of commonalities between ESI and MSP data (both in biophysical and human dimensions), ESI tools (both paper maps and dynamic GIS-based product) are easily developed to further inform MSP and oil spill risk management. Finally, several other benefits from implementing the MSP–OSRA link are highlighted.  相似文献   

Effects of an oil spill on benthic community production and respiration on subtropical intertidal sandflats     

Li-Hua Lee  Hsing-Juh Lin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

This study determined effects of an oil spill on subtropical benthic community production and respiration by monitoring CO₂ fluxes in benthic chambers on intertidal sandflats during emersion before and after an accidental spill. The oil spill decreased sediment chlorophyll a concentrations, altered benthic macrofaunal community, and affected ecological functioning by suppressing or even stopping microalgal production, increasing bacterial respiration, and causing a shift from an autotrophic system to a heterotrophic system. Effects of the oil spill on the macrofauna were more severe than on benthic microalgae, and affected sedentary infauna more than motile epifauna. Despite the oil spill’s impact on the benthic community and carbon metabolism, the affected area appeared to return to normal in about 23 days. Our results suggest that the prompt response of benthic metabolism to exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons can serve as a useful indicator of the impact of an oil spill.  相似文献