新疆博斯腾湖沉积物粒度的古环境意义初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄小忠  陈发虎  肖舜  吕雁斌  陈建徽  周爱锋 《湖泊科学》2008,20(3):291-297

湖泊沉积物的粒度分析是一种研究古环境变化常用的手段,但是其环境意义具有多解性,尤其是沙（荒）漠干旱区的湖泊沉积物粒度变化,代表的是沙尘天气的多寡强弱还是其它环境因素的变化值得细致研究。在对我国最大的内陆淡水湖—新疆博斯腾湖的沉积物短岩芯进行了^210Pbex,^137Cs定年的基础上,对近50多年沉积物的粒度进行分析,结果表明平均粒径与粗颗粒含量与区域最大河流—开都河大山口站的最大一天洪量、洪峰流量、天山巴音布鲁克站年降水量、湖泊水位变化以及湖泊附近焉耆站3-6月风力强度变化记录等环境因素对比发现,湖泊中部沉积物中粗颗粒含量变化主要反映的是入湖河流径流量、区域洪水强度及频率、山地降水,而并不反映大风天气或者湖泊水位的变化。对其近千年沉积岩芯的多指标分析结果表明,即使在数百年时间尺度上,博斯腾湖沉积物粒度的环境意义依然与十年时间尺度上一致。  相似文献   

The Research of the Activity of the Piedmont Fault on the Tangshankou Segment of the Yuguang Basin Southern Marginal Fault     

Wang Lin  Tian Qinjian  Li Dewen  Zhang Xiaoliang 《中国地震研究》2017,31(4):527-537

The Yuguang basin is a half-graben basin in the basin-range tectonic zone in northwest Beijing, located at the northern end of the Shanxi graben system, and the Yuguang basin southern marginal fault (YBSMF) controls the formation of this basin. A linear fault escarpment has formed in the proluvial fan on the piedmont fault zone of the Tangshankou segment of YBSMF. A trench across this escarpment reveals three paleo-earthquake events on two active faults. One fault ruptured at about 9ka for the first time, and then faulted again at about 7.3ka, causing the formation and synchronous activity of another fault. Finally, they faulted for the third time, but we cannot determine the faulting time due to the lack of relevant surface deposition. The accumulative vertical displacement of these three events is about 8.1m. We estimate that the average recurrence period of the piedmont fault is about 1.7ka, and the average slip rate of the piedmont fault is about 1.6mm/a. We also estimate the reference magnitude of each event according to the empirical formula.  相似文献   

The magnetic field strength and energy flux of energetic electrons in a microwave burst source region     

Ai-hua Zhou  Qi-jun Fu  He-qi Zhang  Xin-dong Wang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1996,20(4):458-466

The observations of a microwave burst with multiple impulses on 1993 Oct 2, 073940–074100 UT are analysed. This event consists of multiple impulses superimposed on a slowly varying burst background. Our formula for coronal magnetic field diagnostics was used here for the first time to derive the field strength and information on the energetic electrons. The results are: 1) The mean spectral index of the impulsive component in the optically thin part is less than that of the slow background by 1 (a harder spectrum). The mean brightness temperature at 19.6 GHz of the former is 6 times that of the latter. 2) The mean magnetic strengths of the impulse and slow burst regions are 158 G and 531 G, respectively. The time variation in the slow burst region is saddle-shaped, being 50% lower in the middle than at the beginning and end. 3) The column density NL and number density N of energetic electrons in the impulsive component are 4% and 8% of those of the slow component, but the energy flux and emission coefficient are 100% and 800% greater. The two components appear to be produced by two different electron groups with different energy distributions in two different regions.  相似文献   

新疆SCZ17剖面黑碳记录的16~12 ka火灾历史及其驱动因素探究     

张曼  段阜涛  李刚  刘依  王伟  赵永涛  安成邦 《第四纪研究》2020,(1):165-174

基于新疆深390 cm的SCZ17黄土剖面的黑碳(BC)记录以及总有机碳含量(TOC)和磁化率结果,并与巴里坤湖孢粉记录的温度数据对比,重建了该区末次冰消期(16~12 ka,对应剖面深度202~274 cm)的火灾历史并探讨了其控制因素。结果表明:1)在末次冰消期期间黑碳通量与TOC变化具有较好的一致性,均呈上升趋势,说明随着植被量的增加,生物质燃烧活动增加;2)BC通量与湿度和温度数据的EEMD结果显示:①在13~16 ka期间,剖面的黑碳通量指示的区域生物质燃烧变化与温度变化存在着近乎同步的关系,而在12~13 ka期间可能由于湿度的影响二者的同步关系不太明确;②χfd%所指示的湿度变化和黑碳通量的对比结果显示,湿度峰值/谷值分别对应着黑碳通量的谷值/峰值,即当气候湿润时,火灾活动频率低;气候干旱时,火灾活动频率高。因此,认为研究区火灾活动倾向于发生在暖干的气候条件下,且可燃生物量可能控制着区域火灾变化的长期趋势,而由温度和湿度变化所造成的火灾活动的次一级波动叠加在这一长期趋势上。  相似文献   

隧道变形过程中电磁辐射强度参数的变化规律     

刘成禹  石俊杰  罗洪林  程凯  陈博文 《岩土力学》2020,41(8):2722-2729

根据丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道变形及电磁辐射的现场监测资料,对隧道变形过程中的电磁辐射特性及电磁辐射强度极大峰值事件数N、超过强度平均值的极大峰值事件数M与隧道水平收敛变形的关系进行了统计分析。研究表明：（1）电磁辐射最大强度平均值E在初期支护破坏前,随隧道变形的增大而增大,初期支护破坏后,随隧道变形的增大而减少,电磁辐射最大强度平均值先升后降的出现时间与初期支护破坏的时间接近。（2）电磁辐射强度极大峰值事件数、超过强度平均值的极大峰值事件数的波动速率 、 与隧道变形速率呈正线性相关关系;电磁辐射强度极大峰值事件数、超过强度平均值的极大峰值事件数的百分比 、 与隧道累计变形呈正线性相关关系。结论对深化地下洞室变形过程中的电磁辐射特性的认识,提高电磁辐射监测技术的现场应用水平具有指导意义。  相似文献   

Origin of mud in turbidites and hybrid event beds: Insight from ponded mudstone caps of the Castagnola turbidite system (north-west Italy)     

Marco Patacci  Mattia Marini  Fabrizio Felletti  Andrea Di Giulio  Massimo Setti  William McCaffrey 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2625-2644

The partitioning of different grain-size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand-bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay-rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co-genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher-concentration, less-erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso-arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits.  相似文献   

从铼的地球化学性质看我国铼找矿前景   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

廖仁强  刘鹤  李聪颖  孙卫东 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):55-67

铼是生产涡轮发动机耐高温超级合金的核心元素,被誉为改变航空业的金属。斑岩铜矿伴生的辉钼矿和还原性沉积岩中的硫化物是铼的主要赋存矿物。从目前铼的产量来看,全球近一半的铼产出于智利的斑岩铜钼矿床。据美国地质调查局估计,智利的铼探明储量在1300吨。其他国家依次是美国、俄罗斯、秘鲁等国,均在300吨左右。从现有的数据估算我国目前的铼储量约为250吨,以辉钼矿伴生为主。从地球化学的角度来看,铼是地球上最稀有的金属之一;作为中度不相容的亲铜、亲铁元素,铼倾向于在岩浆中富集;铼对硫逸度、氧逸度敏感,在表生过程中可以通过氧化还原过程富集于黑色页岩等还原性沉积物中。封闭、半封闭的海湾是其常见的富集位置。在埃迪卡拉纪和寒武纪,大气中的氧气含量大幅度上升,是表生过程中铼迁移、富集的最佳时期。我国华南广泛分布形成于近海环境的埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪黑色页岩,仅鄂西分布范围就有数千平方千米,厚度可以达到200m,其中铼的含量达到0. 1×10~(-6)～0. 6×10~(-6),远景资源量在万吨以上,是寻找铼矿的最佳选区之一。  相似文献   

东南极拉斯曼丘陵夕线石榴二长片麻岩的格林威尔期变质作用和构造意义     

宗师  任留东  武梅千 《岩石学报》2020,36(6):1931-1944

东南极拉斯曼丘陵出露的中-高级变质岩是普里兹湾基底岩系的主要组成部分,是研究普里兹湾高级区组成与演化的理想对象。本文对拉斯曼丘陵米洛半岛地区的夕线石榴二长片麻岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟和地质年代学研究。研究结果表明拉斯曼丘陵夕线石榴二长片麻岩矿物组合为石榴子石+堇青石+斜长石+钛铁矿+夕线石+石英±黑云母±钾长石,经历了格林威尔期(～980Ma)高温变质,其峰期阶段(M1)的矿物组合为石榴子石+斜长石+钾长石+钛铁矿+夕线石+石英,变质温压条件为:～820℃、～9. 6kbar。夕线石榴二长片麻岩的岩浆锆石比变质锆石具有更低的LREE和更高的HREE含量,其原岩的沉积年龄不早于～1073Ma,物源主要为中元古代岩浆岩(S-型花岗岩)。拉斯曼丘陵在格林威尔期经历了陆-陆碰撞,进而快速折返、剥蚀作用的过程。  相似文献   

浙西南八都群古元古代和三叠纪变质和岩浆事件的年代学证据     

于英琪  辛宇佳  李建华  孙汉申  王文宝 《地球学报》2020,41(1):1-22

本文对华夏地块浙西南八都群片麻岩和侵入其中的花岗岩进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学以及Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果表明,八都群片麻岩中的碎屑锆石普遍发育~1882 Ma的(变质)增生边,而侵入八都群花岗岩的结晶时代集中在1861~1841 Ma。综合本文及前人获得的岩石学和同位素年代学数据可知,华夏地块在古元古代晚期(1890~1850Ma)发生了一次强烈的造山事件,该期造山很可能与Columbia超大陆的聚合作用密切相关,华夏地块可能为Columbia超大陆的一个陆块。除此之外,本研究还在八都杂岩中获得了三叠纪变质锆石年龄(235±1)Ma,综合前人发表资料可知,这些古元古代基底岩石遭受了强烈的印支期改造,可能与华南大陆印支期造山作用相关。然而,关于古元古代基底的三叠纪变形变质、抬升和出露过程及其与印支期构造演化的内在联系,仍有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

华北地区台风暴雨的统计特征分析   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12  

边清河  丁治英  吴明月  张兴强 《气象》2005,31(3):61-65

应用1949-2000年台风、降水、历史天气图等资料,对发生在华北地区的台风暴雨进行统计研究,得到了其时空分布、登陆地点、移动路线、季节特征以及与中纬度系统相互作用的关系。结果表明：52年中,由台风引起的暴雨共51次,平均约每年1次,且主要出现在夏季(尤以7,8月最多);影响华北的台风登陆地点以及移出或消失地点具有明显的特征,福建、浙江沿海登陆次数最多,江苏北部到山东南部没有台风登陆,而这一地区为台风移出最多区域;登陆台风强度较强时,出现较大降水的概率大,而台风强度较弱时造成较大降水的概率相对较小。  相似文献