胸部CT对COPD合并肺动脉高压分级诊断价值     

许剑涛  周嘉璇  戴望春  曾庆思 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(1):79-86

目的:结合多普勒超声心动图对比分析胸部CT平扫在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)分级上的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析100例经多普勒超声心动图检查确诊、分级的COPD合并PAH患者的胸部CT平扫资料,测量CT所示的主肺动脉直径、右肺动脉直径及左肺动脉直径,并与30例未发生PAH的COPD患者的上述胸部CT平扫资料对比,分析它们与PAH分级的关系,并进行统计学分析。结果:100例COPD并PAH患者中,经超声心动图确诊为轻度PAH57人,中度PAH27例,重度PAH16例。上述三组PAH患者CT上所测量的主肺动脉直径,方差分析得出三者间的差别有统计学意义,两两比较发现:轻度组PAH的主肺动脉直径与中度组PAH的主肺动脉直径有统计学差异(P=0.017);轻度组PAH的主肺动脉直径与重度组PAH的主肺动脉直径有统计学差异(P=0.000);中度组PAH的主肺动脉直径与重度组PAH的主肺动脉直径有统计学差异(P=0.031);轻度组PAH的主肺动脉直径<中度组PAH的主肺动脉直径<重度组PAH的主肺动脉直径。轻度PAH的主肺动脉直径约为29.71mm±3.57mm,最佳诊断阈值是29.11mm;中度PAH的主肺动脉直径约为31.77mm±3.44mm,最佳诊断阈值是30.53mm;重度PAH的主肺动脉直径约为34.28mm±4.14mm,最佳诊断阈值是32.00mm。结论:胸部CT平扫通过测量主肺动脉直径对COPD并PAH的分级具有一定的诊断价值。   相似文献   

低管电压头颈CTA图像质量与辐射剂量的定量评估     

包丽薇  王泽锋  孙振婷  孟令新  赵磊 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(1):87-94

目的:通过尝试直接降低管电压的方法控制辐射剂量,并评价图像质量,探讨其临床应用价值。方法:前瞻性选取2013年9月~2014年7月拟行头颈CTA检查的患者40例,并满足入组条件。患者分为A、B两组。A组患者采用低管电压设置,B组患者采用常规管电压设置。评价两组患者双侧颈动脉客观图像质量(包括CT值、SNR与CNR)与主观图像质量、辐射剂量。P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。结果:A组SNR为11.39±3.80,B组总SNR为12.48±4.48,t=-1.660,P=0.099,差异无统计学意义。A组总对CNR为10.12±3.55,B组总CNR为10.44±4.14,t=-0.485,P=0.628,差异无统计学意义。A、B两组可评估率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.013,P=0.314)。A组有效剂量为2.29mSv±0.12mSv,B组有效剂量为6.69mSv±0.31mSv,t=-59.756,P=0.000,差异具有统计学意义。结论:通过降低管电压至80kV行头颈CTA扫描可以大幅度减低辐射剂量,而图像质量无明显影响,可以进行初步临床应用。   相似文献   

巨囊型肝内胆管囊腺类肿瘤的MSCT诊断     

魏万清  吴德红  母华国  陈平有 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(5):711-716

目的:探讨巨囊型肝内胆管囊腺类肿瘤的MSCT特点,评价其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的4例胆管囊腺瘤及2例胆管囊腺癌的MSCT表现,包括病灶位置、囊液密度均匀度、有无分隔、壁结节、强化特征、邻近肝内囊性病灶、肝内胆管扩张情况及邻近肝实质灌注等。结果:6例均表现为囊性病灶,5例病灶位于近肝门部,1例病灶位于肝右叶下段;4例病灶囊液密度均匀,2例囊液密度不均匀;5例病灶囊内均有分隔,1例病灶无分隔;2例病灶存在附壁结节并明显强化,2例病灶囊壁及分隔钙化;2例病灶邻近肝内可见小囊状病灶(1~2个);5例病灶远肝门侧肝内胆管轻度扩张,1例肝内胆管未见扩张;5例病灶周围肝实质动脉期异常灌注。结论:巨囊型肝内胆管囊腺类肿瘤MSCT表现具有特征性,对诊断、鉴别诊断及指导临床治疗均有较大价值。   相似文献   

层析成像反演速度建模方法研究     

薛花  张宝金  文鹏飞 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(6):801-807

本文应用层析成像反演方法优化叠前深度偏移速度模型。阐述叠前深度偏移速度建模流程,详细介绍利用两种不同层析反演方法来优化深度域的层速度模型,对同一实际地震资料速度模型建立的应用效果表明,在资料信噪比较高的地区能提供准确解释层位信息的前提下,模型层析反演优化后的速度模型精度要比网格层析反演优化后的速度模型更高,且稳定性强。   相似文献   

MUDBOIL AND ICE‐WEDGE DYNAMICS INVESTIGATED BY ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY,GROUND TEMPERATURES AND SURFACE MOVEMENTS IN SVALBARD     

TATSUYA WATANABE  NORIKAZU MATSUOKA  HANNE H. CHRISTIANSEN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(4):445-457

Arctic tundra surfaces are dominated by a variety of patterned ground forms. Whereas a large number of studies have described morphology, structure and processes of patterned ground, few have monitored detailed patterned ground dynamics and subsurface environments continuously. We applied electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to understand near‐surface conditions of two types of patterned ground, ice‐wedge polygons and mudboils in Svalbard, where periglacial processes associated with permafrost are intensively monitored. Automated monitoring shows surface movement characterized by annual cycles of frost heave and thaw settlement, the amounts and rates of which are influenced by the intensity of ice segregation. A time series of ERT shows (1) a distinct resistivity boundary delimiting the active‐layer depth, (2) seasonal variation in resistivity controlled by thermo‐hydrological dynamics and (3) spatial variation in resistivity reflecting desiccation in summer and intensive ice segregation in winter. These results demonstrate ERT as a useful complementary technique for monitoring active‐layer depths and near‐surface hydrological conditions at periglacial patterned ground sites, where automated soil thermal and moisture measurements are limited.  相似文献   

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis of corroded glass objects     

Florias Mees  Etienne Cornelis  Patric Jacobs  Maria Teresa Domnech Crbo  Hannelore Rmich 《Engineering Geology》2009,103(3-4):93-99

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) is a useful tool for non-destructive analysis of corroded archaeological glass objects and for monitoring restoration and conservation processes for these materials. This was demonstrated by µCT analysis of artificially corroded laboratory-produced glasses and corroded archaeological glasses retrieved from soil environments. Corrosion layers with a thickness of 20 µm or more can be detected as areas with lower X-ray attenuation values than the non-corroded glass. Features that are revealed by µCT analyses include the degree and patterns of corrosion and the presence of various internal structures in the corrosion layers. The study of restored corroded glasses demonstrates that mechanical and laser cleaning can be monitored efficiently. The study of consolidation practices, using test objects, requires the use of additives to increase X-ray attenuation values of the organic compounds that are used.  相似文献   

Non-destructive characterization of coal samples from China using microfocus X-ray computed tomography     

Yanbin Yao  Dameng Liu  Yao Che  Dazhen Tang  Shuheng Tang  Wenhui Huang 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,80(2):113-123

This paper demonstrates capabilities of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) in characterizing the development of coal porosity and fractures. For the investigated coals, the CT number of minerals, pores and coal matrix are approximately 3000, < 600 and 1000–1600 Hounsfield unit (HU), respectively. The total CT number of analyzed coals mainly relate to the density, coal maceral composition, and proportion of minerals and pores. Although the estimated porosities by segmentation method show some uncertainty, the results correlate well with the analyzed porosities by helium gas method and water-saturated method. The aperture, spacing and spatial distribution of fractures, and mineral morphology are semi-quantitatively evaluated by µCT using a computer-aided design. The slicing analyses of coals demonstrated that distributions of porosity in coals are highly anisotropic. The spatial disposition of pores, fractures and minerals is the most important factor that influences coal porosity and permeability. In spite of the limitation of low spatial resolution (70 μm) and some ring artifacts of X-ray, µCT has major advantages in non-destructive detection and 3D visualized characterization of pores, fractures and minerals compared to traditional methods.  相似文献   

高精度快速磁、电测量在新疆库兰金矿区 追踪控矿岩体的应用     

符超 《地质与勘探》2009,45(6):683-691

通过变比例尺的高精度磁测在新疆库兰矿区快速准确地圈定了重点磁异常区.对重点异常区设计了高精度磁法和电阻率层析成像剖面精测,结合岩石的磁性和电性参数对重点精测剖面比对,发现了矿区内重要的隐伏断裂构造和侵入岩体,为寻找有利成矿带提供了地球物理依据.对比邻近野马泉金矿区成矿类型发现.控矿岩体为闪长玢岩体,因此推测本矿区内的高磁异常带为隐伏的含矿闪长玢岩体成矿带.通过后期探槽的揭露发现成矿带矿化明显,深部找矿潜力巨大.  相似文献   

速度层析成像正反演技术研究     

杨晓弘  何继善  谢冬琪 《物探与化探》2009,33(2):217-219

利用层析成像的基本原理对地质异常体进行速度层析成像正、反演研究,计算结果可以确定出地质模型中速度异常体的大小、位置和慢度值等物性参数。首先通过建立正演模型,将含有异常体的模型区域剖分成规则的矩形网格,在区域两边的钻孔中分别安置发射和接受装置,采用多点发射、多点接收的方法获得已知地质条件下的每条速度射线的走时值,而后根据线性回归的原则对所得的时间数据加入20%的噪声,采用医学中成熟的ART算法进行模型的反演计算,计算表明反演结果与正演模型十分地逼近,计算精度和速度都能达到满意的效果。  相似文献   

Improvements in Inversion of Magnetic Resonance Exploration-Water Content, Decay Time, and Resistivity     

Mike Müller-Petke 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(3)

In this review article, we present recent developments and Improvements in magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), a newly established geophysical exploration method that provides unique information about hydrogeophysical properties due to its direct sensitivity to hydrogen protons and proton dynamics. Starting with the most sophisticated and complete MRS formulation, we give a detailed view on how to solve the equation, i.e., inverting exactly for all model parameters: water content, decay time, and resistivity. Giving a short review of general inversion schemes used in geophysics, the special properties of MRS inversion are evaluated and the development of MRS inversion over recent years is shown. We present the extension of MRS to magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), i.e., the extension to two-dimensional investigations and appropriate inversions. Finally, we address restrictions, limitations, and inconsistencies as well as future developments.  相似文献