Ten best practices to strengthen stewardship and sharing of water science data in Canada     

Bhaleka D. Persaud  Krysha A. Dukacz  Gopal C. Saha  Amber Peterson  Laleh Moradi  Stephen O'Hearn  Erin Clary  Juliane Mai  Michael Steeleworthy  Jason J. Venkiteswaran  Homa Kheyrollah Pour  Brent B. Wolfe  Sean K. Carey  John W. Pomeroy  Chris M. DeBeer  James M. Waddington  Philippe Van Cappellen  Jimmy Lin 《水文研究》2021,35(11):e14385

Water science data are a valuable asset that both underpins the original research project and bolsters new research questions, particularly in view of the increasingly complex water issues facing Canada and the world. Whilst there is general support for making data more broadly accessible, and a number of water science journals and funding agencies have adopted policies that require researchers to share data in accordance with the findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) principles, there are still questions about effective management of data to protect their usefulness over time. Incorporating data management practices and standards at the outset of a water science research project will enable researchers to efficiently locate, analyse and use data throughout the project lifecycle, and will ensure the data maintain their value after the project has ended. Here, some common misconceptions about data management are highlighted, along with insights and practical advice to assist established and early career water science researchers as they integrate data management best practices and tools into their research. Freely available tools and training opportunities made available in Canada through Global Water Futures, The Gordon Foundation DataStream, the Digital Research Alliance of Canada Portage Network, Compute Canada, and university libraries, among others are compiled. These include webinars, training videos, and individual support for the water science community that together enable researchers to protect their data assets and meet the expectations of journals and funders. The perspectives shared here have been developed as part of the Global Water Futures programme's efforts to improve data management and promote the use of common data practices and standards in the context of water science in Canada. Ten best practices are proposed that may be broadly applicable to other disciplines in the natural sciences and can be adopted and adapted globally.  相似文献   

Microstructural analyses of a Middle Pliocene till from the James Bay Lowlands,Canada—evidence of “potential” fast ice streaming     

John Menzies  Cunhai Gao  Charles Kodors 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2013

Sediment from the Attawapiskat area near James Bay, Northern Ontario was sampled for micromorphological analyses. The sediment is a glacial diamicton (till) of subglacial origin. The till contains entrained and scavenged sediments of proglacial and/or subglacial glaciofluvial/glaciolacustrine origin from a subglacial deforming layer that was emplaced due to both stress reduction and/or porewater dissipation. Evidence of porewater escape, clay translocation and other microstructures all point to emplacement under active subglacial bed deformation. The limited number of edge to edge (ee) grain crushing events, however, point to lower stress levels than might anticipated under a thin fast ice lobe of the James Bay during the Middle Pliocene. Microstructures of Pleistocene tills were quantitatively compared with the Attawapiskat till and the limited number of ee events at Attawapiskat further highlighted that grain to grain contact was curtailed possibly due to high till porosity, high porewater pressures and low strain rates or alternatively due to a high clay matrix component reducing grain crushing contact events. It is suggested that this Middle Pliocene till may be indicative of sediments emplaced under ice lobe surging conditions or fast ice stream subglacial environments. This proposal has significant implications for the glaciodynamics of this part of the Middle Pliocene James Bay lobe. This research highlights a crucial link between subglacial conditions, till microstructural analyses and glaciodynamics.  相似文献   

Evolution of Population Densities: Five Canadian Cities, 1971-20011     

《Urban geography》2013,34(7):616-638

This article presents new methods for comparative analysis of patterns of gross population density, and employs them in five Canadian metropolitan areas. By comparing changes in levels and patterns in the 1971-2001 period, assessments are made of the macro-level impacts of policies relating to densification and re-densification, and of how such impacts vary by city size. Three comparative techniques are employed. The first uses location quotients to map densities for census tracts in urbanized areas. A second approach defines central and peripheral density clusters, and analyzes their mapped patterns. The third method employs local indices of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) to detect locally significant "hotspots," particularly suburban outliers of higher density. Results suggest that in the suburbs homogenously low-density areas are in decline, while both high-density and heterogeneous areas are increasingly evident.  相似文献   

BEFOLKMNGS- OG ERHVERVSUDVIKLINGEN PÅ RØMØ 1950–70     

BODIL ENGELL M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):63-67

Engell. Bodil, 1977: Befolknings- og erhvervsudviklingen på Rømø 1950–70. Geografisk Tidsskrift 76: 63–67. København juni 1, 1977.

The general trend of unequal development between rural and urban intensifies on small islands. The development on the island of Rømø has further a special trend because of its intermediate position caused by the construction of the road-dam to Rømø, opened 1949. Furthermore, the recreational potential of the island and the special location close to the Danish-German border is of importance.  相似文献   

Commentary on Carl O. Sauer ∗     

Richard Shearmur  David Doloreux 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):333-355

Book Reviews are in this articles.

Managing and Marketing of Urban Development and Urban Life. GERHARD O. BRAUN, ed. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1994. Abhandlungen-Anthropogeographie, Bd. 52. xv and 687 pp., maps, diags., and biblio. DM 129.00 paper (ISBN 3-496-02560-3).

Evolution of Infectious Disease. PAUL W. EWALD. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. viii, 298 pp., diags., index, glossary, and biblio. $35.00 cloth (ISBN 0-19-506058-X).

Upstate Arcadia: Landscape, Aesthetics, and the Triumph of Social Differentiation in America. PETER J. HUGILL. Lanham, MD and London: Rowman and Littlefield, 1995. xvi and 255 pp., maps, tables, photos, biblio, and index. $61.50 cloth (ISBN 0-8476-7855-5); $24.95 paper (ISBN 0-8476-7856-3).

Urban Land Use Planning. 4th ed. EDWARD J. KAISER, DAVID R. GODSCHALK, and F. STEWART CHAPIN, JR. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995. xv and 493 pp., tables, figs., and index. $40.00 cloth (ISBN 0-252-02101-0).

The Asian Pacific Rim and Globalization: Enterprise, Governance and Territoriality. RICHARD LE HERON and SAM OCK PARK, eds. Brookfield, VT: Avebury Publishing Group, 1995. xiv and 188 pp., maps, diags., and biblio. $55.95 cloth (ISBN 1-85628-894-3).

The Global Casino: An Introduction to Environmental Issues. NICK MIDDLETON. New York and London: Edward Arnold, 1995. 332 pp., maps, figs., and biblio. $26.95 paper (ISBN 0-340-59493-4).

A Geography of Pennsylvania. E. WIL-LARD MILLER, ed. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. xviii and 406 pp., maps, photos, tables, figs., biblio., and index. $75.00 cloth (ISBN 0-271-01017-7); $25.00 paper (ISBN 0-271-01342-7).

Mountain Environments and Geographic Information Systems. MARTIN F. PRICE and D. IAN HEYWOOD, eds. Bristol, PA, and London: Taylor &; Francis, 1994. xiv and 309 pp., figs., tables, maps, plates, biblio., and index. $95.00 cloth (ISBN 0-7484-0088-5).

Geographical Data Analysis. NIGEL WAL-FORD. New York and Chichester: John Wiley &; Sons, 1995. xi and 446 pp., apps., index, and biblio. $59.95 paper (ISBN 0-471-94162-X).  相似文献   

THE ORAL HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHY∗     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):430-435

Book Reviewed in this article:

Latin America: Case Studies. Richard G. Boehm and Sent Visser

Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions. Tony Bradley And Philip Lowe

The City and the Grassroots. Manuel Castells

Geopolitics and Conflict in South America. Quarrels among Neighbors. Jack Child

Post-Industrial America: A Geographical Perspective. David Clark

Coastal Research: UK Perspectives. Malcolm W. Clark

A Rural Policy for the EEC? Hugh Clout

Peasant Agriculture in Assam: A Structural Analysis. M. M. Das.

Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology. I. Douglas and T. Spencer

Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia, South America. Robert C. Eidt

Measuring Culture. Jonathan L. Gross and Steve Rayner

North America: A Human Geography. Paul Guinness and Michael Bradshaw

A Geographical Bibliography for American Libraries. Chauncy D. Harris et al.

Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications, Vol. VI. D. T. Herbert and R. J. Johnston

Changes in Global Climate: A Study of the Effect of Radiation and Other Factors During the Present Century. K. Ya. Kondrat'ev.

Rural Development and the State: Contradictions and Dilemmas in Developing Countries. David A. M. Lea and D. P. Chaudhri

The Martial Metropolis: U.S. Cities in War and Peace. Roger W. Lotchin

The Climate of the Earth. Paul E. Lydolph.

Weather and Climate. Paul E. Lydolph.

Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production. Doreen Massey.

Panorama of the Soviet Union. N. Mikhailov.

Soviet Armenia. K. S. Demirchian.

USSR: Geography of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period. K. Spidchenko.

Planung und Verwirklichung der Wiener Ringstrassenzone (Planning and Materialization of the Ringstrasse-Zone of Vienna). Kurt Mollik, Hermann Reining, Rudolf Wurzer.

The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War Gerald D. Nash.

An Overview of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Dawn Nelson, David McMillen, and Daniel Kasprzyk.

Phenomenology, Science and Geography: Spatiality and the Human Sciences. John Pickles.

Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Ghillean T. Prance

Die Wanderviehwirtschaft im gebirgigen Westen der U.S.A. und ihre Auswirkungen im Naturraum. Gisbert Rinschede.

Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal: Considerations for Institutional Management

World-Wide Weather. K. Takahashi

Coastal Geomorphology in Australia. B. G. Thom

Settlement System in Rural India: A Case Study of the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab. Ram Chandra Tiwari.

Computer Programming for Geographers. David J. Unwin and John A. Dawson.

Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky

Ethics in Planning. Martin Wachs  相似文献   

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):487-488

Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700. Thomas H. Naylorand Charles W. Polzer, S.J., comps. andeds.

Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety. Stan Openshaw.

The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.  相似文献   

北美地区大湖水位的变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

William A．Gough 《地球科学与环境学报》2005,27(4):8-13

在数十年来大湖水位变化历史记录背景下，考察了近年来大湖处于低水位的问题，并且比较了下游湖区水位最近的回升与上游湖区持续的低水位状况．探讨了气候变化对大湖水位的潜在影响。  相似文献   

Inverse flood risk modelling under changing climatic conditions     

Juraj M. Cunderlik  Slobodan P. Simonovic 《水文研究》2007,21(5):563-577

One of the most significant anticipated consequences of global climate change is the increased frequency of hydrologic extremes. Predictions of climate change impacts on the regime of hydrologic extremes have traditionally been conducted using a top‐down approach. The top‐down approach involves a high degree of uncertainty associated with global circulation model (GCM) outputs and the choice of downscaling technique. This study attempts to explore an inverse approach to the modelling of hydrologic risk and vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. With a focus targeted at end‐users, the proposed approach first identifies critical hydrologic exposures that may lead to local failures of existing water resources systems. A hydrologic model is used to transform inversely the main hydrologic exposures, such as floods and droughts, into corresponding meteorological conditions. The frequency of critical meteorological situations is investigated under present and future climatic scenarios by means of a generic weather generator. The weather generator, linked with GCMs at the last step of the proposed methodology, allows the creation of an ensemble of different scenarios, as well as an easy updating, when new and improved GCM outputs become available. The technique has been applied in Ontario, Canada. The results show significant changes in the frequency of hydro‐climatic extremes under future climate scenarios in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of climate change on carbon in Canadian peatlands   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Charles Tarnocai   《Global and Planetary Change》2006,53(4):222

Peatlands, which are dominant features of the Canadian landscape, cover approximately 1.136 million km², or 12% of the land area. Most of the peatlands (97%) occur in the Boreal Wetland Region (64%) and Subarctic Wetland Region (33%). Because of the large area they cover and their high organic carbon content, these peatlands contain approximately 147 Gt soil carbon, which is about 56% of the organic carbon stored in all Canadian soils.A model for estimating peatland sensitivity to climate warming was used to determine both the sensitivity ratings of various peatland areas and the associated organic carbon masses. Calculations show that approximately 60% of the total area of Canadian peatlands and 51% of the organic carbon mass in all Canadian peatlands is expected to be severely to extremely severely affected by climate change.The increase in average annual air temperature of 3–5 °C over land and 5–7 °C over the oceans predicted for northern Canada by the end of this century would result in the degradation of frozen peatlands in the Subarctic and northern Boreal wetland regions and severe drying in the southern Boreal Wetland Region. In addition, flooding of coastal peatlands is expected because of the predicted rise in sea levels. As a result of these changes, a large part of the carbon in the peatlands expected to be severely and extremely severely affected by climate change could be released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), which will further increase climate warming.  相似文献