Legitimacy of Different Knowledge Types in Natural Resource Governance and Their Functions in Inter-Institutional Gaps     

H. M. Tuihedur Rahman  June Y. T. Po  Arlette S. Saint Ville  Nicolas D. Brunet  Stephen M. Clare  Samantha Darling 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(12):1344-1363

Abstract

This study expands the Inter-Institutional Gaps (IIGs) framework to conceptualize the legitimacy associated with different types of ecological knowledge (e.g., scientific, traditional and local) used in natural resource governance. We draw on primary qualitative data, and document analysis to examine a case of inland fisheries management in the north-eastern floodplain of Bangladesh. We posit that the pragmatic, moral, cognitive, and regulative legitimacy for different types of ecological knowledge are repeatedly reevaluated by rule-makers and resource users in the process of rule-devising. Results show that inter-institutional gaps may be perpetuated when formal rules do not sufficiently consider traditional and local ecological knowledge. While it is widely proposed that systematically incorporating different knowledge types can better address local-national policy problems, this study underscores that the source of legitimacies for different knowledge types often differs across formal and informal institutional actors. Recognizing the differences is critical to fishers’ resource management.  相似文献   

An agent-based model for optimal land allocation (AgentLA) with a contiguity constraint     

Yimin Chen  Xiaoping Liu  Yilun Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1269-1288

Spatial optimization is complex because it usually involves numerous spatial factors and constraints. The optimization becomes more challenging if a large set of spatial data with fine resolutions are used. This article presents an agent-based model for optimal land allocation (AgentLA) by maximizing the total amount of land-use suitability and the compactness of patterns. The essence of the optimization is based on the collective efforts of agents for formulating the optimal patterns. A local and global search strategy is proposed to inform the agents to select the sites properly. Three sets of hypothetical data were first used to verify the optimization effects. AgentLA was then applied to the solution of the actual land allocation optimization problems in Panyu city in the Pearl River Delta. The study has demonstrated that the proposed method has better performance than the simulated annealing method for solving complex spatial optimization problems. Experiments also indicate that the proposed model can produce patterns that are very close to the global optimums.  相似文献   

The CartACom model: transforming cartographic features into communicating agents for cartographic generalisation     

Cécile Duchêne  Anne Ruas  Christophe Cambier 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1533-1562

Our research is concerned with automated generalisation of topographic vector databases in order to produce maps. This article presents a new, agent-based generalisation model called CartACom (Cartographic generalisation with Communicating Agents), dedicated to the treatment of areas of low density but where rubber sheeting techniques are not sufficient because some eliminations or aggregations are needed. In CartACom, the objects of the initial database are modelled as agents, that is, autonomous entities, that choose and apply generalisation algorithms to themselves in order to increase the satisfaction of their constraints as much as possible. The CartACom model focuses on modelling and treating the relational constraints, defined as constraints that concern a relation between two objects. In order to detect and assess their relational constraints, the CartACom agents are able to perceive their spatial surroundings. Moreover, to make the good generalisation decisions to satisfy their relational constraints, they are able to communicate with their neighbours using predefined dialogue protocols. Finally, a hook to another agent-based generalisation model – AGENT – is provided, so that the CartACom agents can handle not only their relational constraints but also their internal constraints. The CartACom model has been applied to the generalisation of low-density, heterogeneous areas like rural areas, where the space is not hierarchically organised. Examples of results obtained on real data show that it is well adapted for this application.  相似文献   

Wave sloshing in corrugated bottom tanks with two-dimensional flow     

Abdi Kükner  Mehmet A. Baykal 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(8):93

The boundary integral element method based on Green's formula is applied to the analysis of transient flow problem in corrugated bottom tanks. The problem is formulated as a two-dimensional linear, initial boundary value problem in terms of a velocity potential. The Laplace equation and the boundary conditions, except the dynamic boundary condition on the free surface, are transformed into an integral equation by the application of Green's formula. Finite Difference discretization is applied timewise. Initially a triangular wave on the free surface is assumed to be formed. The height of the triangular corrugated bottom is varied between 1/10 and 1/5 of the tank depth. The form of the free surface and the equipotential lines for the flow in the tank are presented at different time steps. An accuracy analysis is performed and distortion in time is considered. Proper coefficients for solutions are derived and presented. The results show that utilization of triangular corrugated bottoms may help to regulate the flow in tanks.  相似文献   

A Three-Dimensional Model of Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Agents within Stratus   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Yu Xing  Dai Jin  Jiang Weimei  Fan Peng 《大气科学进展》2000,17(4):617-635

1. IntroductionMany projects and experiments of rain enhancement are carried out abroad. Most seeded cloud bodies are the convective or topographic clouds. The seeding agents are usually released near their bases and brought into the clouds by the updrafts. Whether the seeding material can reach the areas where cloud liquid water presents is emphasized. Tzivion et al.(1989) demonstrated that effective dispersal of seeding material strongly depends on the seeding altitude and the stage (time) …  相似文献   

内助剂型固硫剂在渭北高硫煤固硫中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王水利  葛岭梅  杨小玲 《煤田地质与勘探》2004,32(3):12-14

定义了内助剂型固硫剂,并在此基础上对两种内助剂型固硫剂的固硫效果进行了对比研究。结果表明,内助剂型固硫剂因助剂的助固硫作用得以充分发挥,因而固硫率明显高于同类对比固硫剂,尤其是 1200℃的高温固硫率仍可达到25.7%~35.5%,是同类对比固硫剂的5~6倍。   相似文献   

高岭石与碱性驱替剂间作用的实验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

陈忠  沈明道 《岩石学报》1997,13(4):573-582

用Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ惰性反应器在２５℃、５０℃、和７５℃的条件下，以１ｇ／２０ｍｌ的固／液比，研究了高岭石与各三个浓度的两种碱性驱替剂间（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和ＮａＯＨ）的作用，反应时间为０～６００ｈ，对反应后液相中的硅、铝元素浓度参数和固相物质分别进行了分光光度法和Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）检测，弄清了实验研究参数与液相参数和高岭石相变的关系，得出了高岭石在ＮａＯＨ溶液中存在非一致性的溶蚀趋势。高岭石在碱液中会发生溶蚀，进而可生成方钠石。此研究增加了对碱驱的认识，对提高原油采收率是一项有意义的研究工作。  相似文献   

多功能防旱剂效果分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵国强  朱自玺  邓天宏  方文松  侯建新 《气象》1998,24(9):55-57

１９９７年进行的小麦喷施多功能防旱剂的试验结果表明,光合作用强度较对照提高１４％～２８％,气孔阻力较对照提高２４％～５１％蒸腾强度降低１％～９％,水分利用效率２％～２７％,千粒重提高２％～６％,产量增加１．８％～７．１％,说明喷施多功能防旱剂后,对促进小麦生长,降低蒸强度,提高产量有一定的作用。  相似文献   

Removal of EDTA from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Rubber Wood Sawdust: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling     

K. Anoop Krishnan  K. G. Sreejalekshmi  Sumol Varghese  T. S. Anirudhan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(4):361-369

Adsorptive removal of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) from aqueous solution was studied using steam pyrolyzed activated carbon. Rubber wood sawdust, obtained from a local timber facility at Kodangavila, Trivandrum, Kerala, India was used as the precursor for the production of the activated carbon. Batch adsorption experiments were employed to monitor and optimize the removal process. The experimental parameters, i. e., solution pH, agitation time, initial EDTA concentration and adsorbent dosage, affecting the adsorption of EDTA onto sawdust activated carbon (SDAC) were optimized. The inner core mechanism for the interaction between EDTA and SDAC, which resulted in the adsorption process, was also discussed. The change in amount of EDTA adsorbed onto SDAC and CAC (commercial activated carbon) was compared over a wide range of pH (2.0–8.0). The maximum removal of EDTA took place in the pH range of 4.0–6.0 for SDAC and 5.0–5.5 for CAC, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the former adsorbent. Kinetic as well as equilibrium studies were performed to determine the rate constant and adsorption capacity, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data was fitted with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and the equilibrium data was shown to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. These observations explain the formation of a monolayer of EDTA on the surface of SDAC as confirmed by the slow approach to equilibrium after 4 h of contact time. The adsorption capacity of SDAC for the removal of EDTA was 0.526 mmol/g and is seen to be greater than that of CAC and other reported adsorbents (0.193–0.439 mmol/g). Finally, it is clear that the production of steam pyrolyzed activated carbon in the presence of K₂CO₃ greatly enhanced EDTA removal and resulted in a product with possible commercial value for wastewater treatment strategies.  相似文献   

Fingerprinting sources of bacterial input into small residential watersheds: fate of fluorescent whitening agents     

Thomas?B.?BovingEmail author  Debra?L.?Meritt  Jon?C.?Boothroyd 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(2):228-232

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in many watersheds is often linked to septic system effluent. Fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) are part of most laundry detergent formulations and previously have been used for fingerprinting anthropogenic sewage waters. This study was carried out to investigate the fate of FWA in spring water downstream from a well-monitored septic system in a small forest watershed. Samples for FWA were collected at the spring and along the flow path downstream and analyzed fluorometrically. Selected sampling events were scheduled at night and daytime and after rainstorms to investigate possible changes in the spring water composition. In addition, reference fluorescence spectra were prepared for humic and tannic acid and for the laundry detergent used exclusively in the household discharging into the test septic system. The results indicate that FWA can be detected in spring water, but interference with increasing humic acid concentration downstream limits the fingerprinting value of the method to the vicinity of the spring. Also, sampling for FWA after rainstorms only yielded results if at least 4 days had passed. Otherwise, dissolved organic substances transported into the spring water interfered with the FWA spectrum. No significant differences between night and daytime sampling were found. Overall, the method, as used at this study site, is of limited value for fingerprinting FWA in natural waters.  相似文献