Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes     

Art F. White  Marjorie S. Schulz  Davison V. Vivit  Alex E. Blum  David A. Stonestrom 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):363

Spatial and temporal variations in pore water compositions are characterized for a deep regolith profile developed on a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz California. Variations are resolved in terms of the dominance of either a lithogenic process, i.e. chemical weathering, or a biogenic process, i.e. plant nutrient cycling. The concept of elemental fractionation is introduced describing the extent that specific elements are mobilized and cycled as a result of these processes.  相似文献   

Timing and origin of orogenic remagnetizations in Mississippian carbonates, Sawtooth Range, Montana     

V.J. O'Brien  R.D. Elmore  M.H. Engel  M.A. Evans   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):297

Paleomagnetic data and rock magnetic results suggest that a widespread orogenic remagnetization caused a pervasive chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) that resides in magnetite in the Mississippian Madison Group in the Sawtooth Range, Montana, during the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary. The CRM is similar to a CRM reported by workers from equivalent units in the southern Canadian Cordillera. The CRM is interpreted to be related to alteration by fluids, and there are two likely fluids: hydrocarbons which migrated into the unit and externally derived radiogenic fluids.  相似文献   

Effects of artificial and natural recharge on chemical equilibrium in the Cerro Prieto reservoirs, Baja California, México     

Enrique Portugal  Rosa María Barragn  Jesús de Len 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):339

Chemical equilibrium modeling studies of two aquifers in the western part of the Cerro Prieto (CP-I) geothermal field were performed to obtain the activities of the main ions and complexes by using the EQQYAC program. The results provided a pH of 6.44 for the deep aquifer, which is slightly higher than the value of 5.5 found for the shallower reservoir. In the northern part of the field, the reservoir pH has decreased up to 1.5 units compared to that modeled for 1990. Variations of pH with respect to time were also found to occur in the southern part of the field. In spite of the large changes in hydrodynamic conditions occurring in the reservoir due to exploitation, the equilibrium between both K- and Na-feldspars and between K-feldspar and K-mica seems to control the chemical composition of the fluids, in both reservoirs.  相似文献   

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic evidence for late Pleistocene to middle Holocene climatic fluctuations in the interior of southern Africa     

Jeannette M. Smith  Julia A. Lee‐Thorp  Judith C. Sealy 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(7):683-695

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of ungulate grazers from four archaeological sites located in different environs within the Caledon River Valley have provided a relatively well‐dated proxy palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic sequence for the period between 16 000 and 6000 calendar (cal.) yr BP. Within the overall trend towards hot mid‐Holocene temperatures and a summer rainfall pattern, stable carbon isotope results show that there were three periods when growth season temperatures were cool enough for C₃ grasses to be present: 16 000–14 000; 10 200–9600, and 8400–8000 cal. yr BP. Similar trends were recorded in stable oxygen isotope values, reflecting shifts in either temperature or available moisture. Although having a similar pattern to that of the lower altitude site, sites situated in foothills and montane portions of the valley consistently maintained lower temperatures until the mid‐Holocene altithermal. At this time growth season temperatures warmed sufficiently for a 100% C₄ grassland to expand in altitude from the warmer low lying localities. In relation to present understanding of synoptic and global climatic patterning, these findings suggest that the early to middle Holocene transition was not a gradual warming trend, but rather it was marked by a series of climatic fluctuations. Of particular note is the possible global, rather than regional, occurrence of the 8200 cal. yr BP ‘event’. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of tidal inundation on internal oxygen supply of Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens     

Mark L. Gleason  Joseph C. Zieman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(1):47-57

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Seasonal changes in the distribution and exchange of inorganic nitrogen between sediment and water in the Northern Baltic (Gulf of Bothnia)     

David B. Nedwell  Sven-Eric Hall  Agneta Andersson  Åke F. Hagström  E.Börje Lindström 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(2):169-179

The concentration profiles of nitrate plus nitrite, ammonium, and redox potential in sediment and water column were determined in late winter and summer at a sampling site off Norrbyn, northern Sweden, in the Gulf of Bothnia. The sediment had an oxidized surface layer during winter and spring, and nitrification occurred. Nitrate but not ammonium was present in the water column at this time. During summer a layer of planktonic detritus was deposited onto the sediment and led to its deoxygenation and reduction. Ammonium was then the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen in the water column.Laboratory experiments confirmed that nitrification in the surface layer of sediment prevented ammonium export during winter. Enhanced temperature or organic detritus deoxygenated the surface sediment and inhibited nitrification, and export of ammonium from the sediment increased. Although nitrification was important in determining the flow of nitrogen in the sediment it accounted for at most only 5% of the total oxygen uptake by the sediment.  相似文献   

Refinement of predictive reaeration equations for a typical Indian river     

Ramakar Jha  C. S. P. Ojha  K. K. S. Bhatia 《水文研究》2001,15(6):1047-1060

Dissolved oxygen mass balance has been computed for different reaches of River Kali in western Uttar Pradesh (India) to obtain the reaeration coefficient (K₂). A total of 270 field data sets have been collected during the period from March 1999 to February 2000. Eleven most popular predictive equations, used for reaeration prediction and utilizing mean stream velocity, bed slope, flow depth, friction velocity and Froude number, have been tested for their applicability in the River Kali using data generated during field survey. The K₂ values computed from these predictive equations have been compared with the K₂ values observed from dissolved oxygen balance measurements in the field. The performance of predictive equations have been evaluated using error estimation, namely standard error (SE), normal mean error (NME), mean multiplicative error (MME) and correlation statistics. The equations developed by Smoot and by Cadwallader and McDonnell showed comparatively better results. Moreover, a refined predictive equation has been developed using a least‐squares algorithm for the River Kali that minimizes error estimates and improves correlation between observed and computed reaeration coefficients. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lacustrine oxygen isotope record of 20th-century climate change in central EuropeL evaluation of climatic controls on oxygen isotopes in precipitation     

Jane L. Teranes  Judith A. McKenzie 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(2):131-146

We report oxygen isotope data from a 108-yr (1885–1993) sequence with annual laminae of bio-induced authigenic calcite in a frozen core from Baldeggersee, a small lake in Central Switzerland. These isotope results provide proxy data on the isotopic composition of past precipitation in the Baldeggersee catchment region and are quantitatively compared with instrumental climate data (i.e. mean annual air temperature and atmospheric circulation pattern indices) to evaluate climatic controls on oxygen isotopes in precipitation.Monitoring the isotope hydrology of Baldeggersee demonstrates that the oxygen isotopic composition of the lake water is controlled by the isotopic composition of local atmospheric precipitation (¹⁸O_p) and that the isotopic signal of precipitation is preserved, albeit damped, in the lake calcite oxygen isotope record (¹⁸O_c). Comparison of the calcite oxygen isotope proxy for ¹⁸O_p in the catchment with historical mean annual air temperature measurements from Bern, Switzerland confirms that authigenic calcite reliably records past annual air temperature in the region. This ¹⁸O_c/temperature relationship is calculated to be 0.39/°C for the period 1900–1960, based on an isotope mass-balance model for Baldeggersee. An exception is a 0.8 anomalous negative shift in calcite ¹⁸O values since the 1960s. Possible explanations for this recent ¹⁸O_c shift, as it is not related to mean annual air temperature, include changes in ¹⁸O_p due to synoptic circulation patterns. In particular, the 0.8 negative shift coincides with a trend towards a more dominant North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. This circulation pattern would tend to bring more isotopically more negative winter precipitation to the region and could account for the 0.8 offset in ¹⁸O_c data.  相似文献   

我国钾肥工业回顾分析与展望   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王石军  田红斌 《化工矿产地质》2001,23(1):59-63

我国钾肥工业目前存在资源短缺、数量少、规模小、工艺技术落后、供需矛盾突出、进口量与施用量逐年增长等问题。 2 1世纪我国钾肥工业的发展将乘“西部大开发战略”之东风 ,在国家产业政策的支持下 ,通过加强宏观管理、增大投入、加强科研与综合利用工作 ,从而实现规模化、效益化 ,使开发工作取得重大进展。预期 2 0 10年国产钾肥可满足国内需求量的 2 0 %。  相似文献   

化工地质及矿山工作之回顾与前瞻     

陈元佩  王炳铨 《化工矿产地质》2000,22(1):1-4

建国 5 0年来 ,我国化工地质及矿山工作得到迅速发展 ,除钾之外 ,化工矿产资源基本保证了我国化肥和化工生产的需要。但与我国经济发展的需求相比 ,化工矿产资源及矿山生产建设仍存在着一些问题。面对新世纪 ,化工地质及矿山行业应围绕“两个转变”和“科教兴国”和“可持续发展”战略 ,制定适合自已的发展道路。要抓住机遇积极参与“国土资源大调查”工作 ,在确保新增磷、硫、硼等矿产资源量的同时 ,争取与泰国共同开发沙空那空盆地钾盐资源 ,以实现我国化工地质与矿山行业的可持续发展  相似文献