Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Sediments of the Elbe Catchment Area – Analytical Methods and Status of Pollution     

J. Gandraß  M. Zoll 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(5):212-217

A survey was conducted to determine the status of pollution of surficial sediments in the Elbe catchment area (Germany, Czech Republic) for the period 1992 to 1994. Chlorinated benzenes, PCBs, DDT and its metabolites, and HCH isomers were determined by GC/ECD following a simultaneous steam distillation-extraction procedure. Most of the investigated compounds showed increased concentration levels in sections of the Elbe or its main tributaries exceeding the target value II (quality criteria ARGE Elbe). Patterns of chlorinated hydrocarbons could be traced back from the Elbe into tributaries, and in some cases, links between patterns and inputs or long-term effects of former chemical production sites were supposed.  相似文献   

快速净化法测定水、土壤中的有机磷和氮农药   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

虞云龙  陈鹤鑫  樊德方  盛国英  傅家谟 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1996,(4)

快速净化法测定水、土壤中的有机磷和氮农药虞云龙，陈鹤鑫，樊德方（浙江农业大学植保系，杭州３１００２９）盛国英，傅家谟（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词农药多残留分析，有机磷，有机氮目前农药使用的品种十分繁杂，多种残留农药在环境中...  相似文献   

Organochlorines and other environmental contaminants in muscle tissues of sportfish collected from San Francisco Bay     

Russell Fairey  Karen Taberski  Stewart Lamerdin  Eric Johnson  Ross P. Clark  James W. Downing  John Newman  Myrto Petreas 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,34(12):1058-1071

Edible fish species were collected from 13 locations throughout San Francisco Bay, during the spring of 1994, for determination of contaminant levels in muscle tissue. Species collected included white croaker, surfperch, leopard and brown smoothhound sharks, striped bass, white sturgeon and halibut. 66 composite tissue samples were analysed for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (P0CBs), pesticides, trace elements and dioxin/furans. The US EPA approach to assessing chemical contaminant data for fish tissue consumption was used for identifying the primary chemicals of concern. Six chemicals or chemical groups were found to exceed screening values (SVs) established using the US EPA approach. PCBs (as total Aroclors) exceeded the screening level of 3 ng g⁻¹ in all 66 muscle tissue samples, with the greatest concentrations (638 ng g⁻¹) found near San Francisco's industrial areas. Mercury was elevated (> 0.14 μg g⁻¹) in 40 of 66 samples with the greatest concentrations (1.26 μg g⁻¹) occurring in shark muscle tissues. Concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin, total chlordane and total dichlorodiphenyltri-chloroethane (DDT) exceeded screening levels in a number of samples. Dioxin/furans (as toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ's)) were elevated (> 0.15 pg g⁻¹) in 16 of the 19 samples analysed. Fish with high lipid content (croaker and surfperch) in their muscle tissue generally exhibited higher organic contaminant levels while fish with low lipid levels (halibut and shark) exhibited lower organic contaminant levels. Tissue samples taken from North Bay stations most often exhibited high levels of chemical contamination. The California Office of Health Hazard Assessment is currently evaluating the results of this study and has issued an interim Health Advisory concerning the human consumption of fish tissue from San Francisco Bay.  相似文献   

Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LANG Yinhai  CAO Zhengmei  and NIE Xinhua College of Environmental Science  Engineering  Ocean University of China  Oingdao  P.R.China Bureau of Environmental Protection of Qingdao  Qingdao  P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):173-176

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.  相似文献   

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in River Sediments of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania – Patterns,Levels, and Regional Distribution     

D. Dannenberger  A. Lerz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(5):263-271

As a first contribution to the assessment of organic microcontaminants in rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, the patterns, levels, and regional distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCB, HCH, DDT, and HCB) in river sediments were investigated. The sediment sampling was carried out at selected stations in rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Peene, Uecker, Randow, Zarow, Ziese, Warnow, Elde, and Elbe) in August/September 1996. The chlorinated hydrocarbons were determined by GC/ECD following ultrasonic extraction. Generally, the contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the river Warnow and rivers of West Pomerania were at a low level, up to 15 ng/g (given for TOC). In Elde sediments, three to ten times higher contents of CHC were found, due to a higher degree of industrialization in the catchment area. Much higher CHC contents up to a factor of 100 higher than in the river Warnow occurred in Elbe sediments between the towns Dömitz and Boizenburg. A comparison of the CHC contents in river sediments of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania with those in Elbe sediments reflects the difference between rivers with a large and highly industrialized catchment area and much smaller rivers, only affected by agriculture and municipal sewages. The contribution from rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the riverine input of organic microcontaminants into the innercoastal waters (boddens, hafts, and sounds) and the adjacent Baltic Sea seems to be low.  相似文献   

Zur Adsorption von Dichlormethan und 1,1,1-Trichlorethan aus Modellabwässern mit Adsorberpolymeren und Aktivkohlen     

A. Wahl  A. Kowalzik  K. Pilchowski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(1):36-39

Adsorption of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane from Synthetic Wastewaters with Polymeric Adsorbents and Activated Carbons Isotherms, kinetics, and dynamics of adsorption of dichloromethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane from synthetic wastewaters onto novel polymeric adsorbents were investigated in comparison to traditional polymeric adsorbents and activated carbons. The polymeric adsorbents and the activated carbons showed no large differences in adsorption kinetics, whereas the novel, crosslinked polymeric adsorbents exhibited at times higher adsorption capacities than the traditional, not crosslinked polymeric adsorbents and activated carbons.  相似文献   

桑沟湾水体及沉积物中有机磷农残时空分布特征     

白红妍  韩彬  孙丕喜  郑立  曹磊  杨东方  王小如 《海洋科学》2013,37(1):54-61

以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析并结合外标法,定量测定了2009年4月—2010年2月6个航次桑沟湾海域水体和沉积物中常见的8种有机磷农药,探讨了该海域有机磷农药组成以及时空分布特征.结果表明:桑沟湾水体中共检出有机磷农药6种,其中甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷和对硫磷等3种有机磷农药在各航次均有检出.沉积物中有机磷农药含量的水平分布呈现由湾口向湾内海域逐渐降低的趋势.该海域水体中有机磷农药含量呈现10月份较高,4月、6月和8月份次之,12月和 2月份最低的月份分布特征.与国内外类似水体相比,桑沟湾海域中总有机磷农药含量处于轻度污染水平,甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷等单组分含量也处于较低水平.  相似文献   

Pesticide and Trace Metal Concentrations in Queensland Estuarine Crabs     

M.R Mortimer 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):359-366

Trace metals, metalloids and pesticide content were quantified in intertidal burrowing crabs Australoplax tridentata and a portunid Scylla serrata sampled from estuaries on the east coast of Australia between Cairns and Brisbane. Residues of dieldrin occurred at all locations, heptachlor epoxide and DDT (principally metabolites DDD and DDE) at most, reflecting historical use. Chlordane, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan were only detected in crabs in the urban Brisbane area, and neither hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were quantifiable. Calculations of ambient exposures to organochlorines based on residues in crab tissues indicated that dieldrin exceeded national water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic ecosystems at all sampling locations, but exposure to DDT and its metabolites was below the threshold of concern. Concentrations of trace metals and metalloids generally reflected sediment data and likely sources.  相似文献   

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in intertidal flat surface sediments from coastal zone of Jiangsu Province,China     

韩秀梅  郑容  赵家乐  马超  高效江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1157-1162

Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) from intertidal flat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g(dry wt). Total hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) levels varied from 0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of( p, p'-DDD+ p, p'-DDE)/ p, p '-DDT and o, p ′-DDT/ p, p ′-DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p, p ′-DDD, and p, p ′-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.  相似文献   

Can salt marsh plants influence levels and distribution of DDTs in estuarine areas?     

Pedro N. Carvalho  Pedro Nuno R. RodriguesRafael Evangelista  M. Clara P. BastoM. Teresa S.D. Vasconcelos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Sediments are depositories of toxic substances such as organochlorine pesticides and there is a global need for their removal in contaminated environments. Studies that combine contaminated sediments and phytoremediation are relatively recent and their number has been increasing. This work aimed to investigate whether salt marsh plants (sea club-rush Scirpus maritimus, sea rush Juncus maritimus and sea purslane Halimione portulacoides) can favor DDT and metabolites remediation in estuarine environment. For this purpose the levels of DDT, DDE and DDD were compared in vegetated and non-vegetated sediments from an estuary in the North of Portugal (in-situ study) and from another in the South of Portugal (ex-situ study). Results obtained both in the in-situ study, involving S. maritimus and J. maritimus, and in the ex-situ study, involving H. portulacoides, indicated that these plants did not have a significant role in DDTs removal and/or degradation. Therefore, it seems that the tested plants cannot influence levels and distribution of DDTs in estuarine areas.  相似文献