区域地质灾害风险评估模型的初建——以广州市崩塌灾害为例     

谢久兵  朱照宇  周厚云  欧阳婷萍 《热带地理》2006,26(2):114-118

地质灾害的研究必须基于其自然和社会经济的双重属性特征,并把它作为一项系统工程来研究;风险评估是这系统工程中不可或缺的重中之重内容,也是新世纪地质灾害防灾减灾领域的前沿和热点.鉴于地质灾害风险评估研究现状,初步探讨了区域地质灾害风险评估模型的构建,即基于格网单元的地质灾害危险性评价、基于行政单元的社会经济易损性评价和基于危险度和易损度乘积的区域风险评估.同时以广州市崩塌灾害为例,采用该模型进行评估并取得了良好的效果.  相似文献   

预制静压桩静动载现场试验分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

律文田  王永和  冷伍明  聂如松 《岩土力学》2005,26(2):251-255

原位试验是获取桩基设计参数和了解桩基力学性能的最客观、最可靠方法。基于现有疲劳机和千斤顶等试验设备,研制了桩顶静载和动载组合加载装置,为现场静、动载试验解决了一个技术性难题。利用该装置对某工程混凝土预制静压桩进行了模拟交通荷载的现场静、动载试验。通过单桩竖向抗压静载试验和动载试验,分析了静动载对桩身轴力分布、桩身侧摩阻力和基桩沉降的影响及其变化规律。试验结果表明：在静动载作用下桩身侧摩阻力的分布规律基本一致,并且随着振动次数的增加,桩身上部侧摩阻力减小、下部略有增加,但动载循环超过30万次后,侧摩阻力趋于稳定。  相似文献   

细粒含量对尾矿材料液化特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张超  杨春和 《岩土力学》2006,27(7):1133-1137

为了模拟沉积分选后颗粒组成的变化对尾矿材料的动力特性的影响,尾矿筛分后按不同的细粒（颗粒直径小于 0.074 mm）含量制备尾矿试样,并进行了大量的土动力学试验。分析了细颗粒含量对尾矿材料的动力液化特性的影响规律。研究表明,对于铜矿类尾矿坝的尾矿材料,当细颗粒含量占到总量的35 %时其抗液化性能最佳。根据尾矿材料动力特性试验的研究结果,并结合现场的标准贯入试验成果,提出了适用于尾矿材料的细粒含量对标准贯入击数的修正式。该式可以分析不同细粒含量的尾矿材料的抗液化强度,提高尾矿坝液化判别方法的判别准确程度。  相似文献   

深埋长隧洞前期勘查中工程地质调查与CSAMT异常分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

茅均标  伍法权  底青云  柴建峰 《现代地质》2006,20(3):513-518

在南水北调西线一期工程玛柯河-贾曲段工程地质勘察过程中,充分利用地球物理资料,实现地质与地球物理的有机结合。依据区域地质条件、岩石电性特征和岩层的沉积环境,按电阻率的高低范围及变化特征将13 km长的CSAMT电阻率断面划分为4个不同部分进行解译,其中,断层破碎带的解释结果与野外岩石露头所反映的地质信息吻合较好。作为一项新物探技术,CSAMT法可为分析工程地质问题提供基础资料,具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

黏土中隔舱吸力式钢圆筒安装及水平受荷试验研究     

郭伟  王吉轩  任宇晓  张龙 《海洋工程》2023,41(6):65-75

近年来大直径钢圆筒结构在离岸人工岛工程中得到应用,如港珠澳大桥人工岛即采用振动下沉的方式安装钢圆筒,该方法对施工条件、装备以及施工控制技术要求较高。提出一种新型隔舱吸力式钢圆筒结构,在钢圆筒内部设置隔舱板,将结构分为上下两个隔舱,通过对下舱抽气实现隔舱吸力式钢圆筒在负压作用下的下沉安装。设计了隔舱吸力式钢圆筒安装及水平承载力模型试验,对比了负压贯入的隔舱吸力式钢圆筒和压力贯入的传统钢圆筒结构的贯入阻力及承载特性,分析了改变隔舱吸力式钢圆筒上下舱高度比L₁/L₂对其沉贯过程及承载特性的影响。结果表明,采用负压吸力沉贯的隔舱吸力式钢圆筒相比于采用压力贯入的传统钢圆筒结构的贯入阻力减小,水平极限承载力提高。在极限水平荷载作用下,随着隔舱吸力式钢圆筒的L₁/L₂从2.28减小到1.00、0.56,转动中心位置上移,水平极限承载力及弯矩承载力得到显著提高。  相似文献   

受压水生物群落生态系统目标函数的变化     

Eugene A. SILOW 《湖泊科学》1998,10(S1):421-435

The changes of biomass, exergy and structural exergy under the action of various chemical pollution (addition of nutrient compounds, pesticides, chlorinated phenols, oil, heavy metal ions, acidification etc.) are analysed for 50 experimental works with model aquatic ecosystems -microcosms, mesocosms and experimental ponds.Structural exergy is shown to remain at constant level or to increase when the allochtonous compounds can be metabolised by ecosystem, or when the ecosystem can adapt itself to the input of toxicant by structural changes. When the substance is too conservative, too toxic or/and is coming in too high concentrations, structural exergy is decreasing, demonstrating the inability of ecosystem to adapt to this influence and irreversibility of changes in ecosystem.The possibility to use such parameter as structural exergy for estimation of ecosystem state and its changes under various external influences is demonstrated. It reflects the state of ecosystem and can indicate the degree of ecosystem adaptation, decreasing when important for ecosystem functioning components are eliminated.In experiments with mathematical model of lake Baikal ecosystem exergy content is shown to increase after addition of nutrients and to decrease after addition of phenolic compounds, reflecting the general shifts in ecosystem.  相似文献   

A semi-physical sediment yield model for estimation of suspended sediment in loess region   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Wei Si  Weimin Bao  Peng Jiang  Liping Zhao  Simin Qu 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(1)

Sediment yield is a complex function of many environmental factors including climate,hydrology,vegetation,basin topography,soil types,and land cover.We present a new semi-physical watershed sediment yield model for the estimation of suspended sediment in loess region.This model is composed by three modules in slope,gully,and stream phases.For slope sediment yield,a balance equation is established based on the concept of hydraulic erosion capacity and soil erosion resistance capacity.According to the statistical analysis of watershed characteristics,we use an exponential curve to approximately describe the spatial variability of watershed soil erosion resistance capacity.In gully phase,the relationship between gully sediment concentration and flow velocity is established based on the Bagnold'stream power function.In the stream phase,we assume a linear dependence of the sediment volume in the reach on the weighted sediment input and output.The proposed sediment yield model is operated in conjunction with a conceptual hydrologic model,and is tested over 16 regions including testing grounds,and small,medium and large watersheds in the loess plateau region in the mid-reach of Yellow River.Our results indicate that the model is reasonable in structure and is able to provide a good simulation of sediment generation and transportation processes at both flood event scale and inter-annual time scale.The proposed model is generally applicable to the watersheds with soil texture similar to that of the loess plateau region in the Yellow River basin in China.  相似文献   

公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力优化评估分析          下载免费PDF全文

李玉洁  彭立顺 《地震工程学报》2018,40(1):20-25

以往基于模态增量动力方法对公共建筑进行抗地震倒塌能力评估时是单纯地从总体角度进行考察的,其得到的结果较为粗糙,无法准确反映出公共建筑的抗地震倒塌能力,导致其经济效益较差。提出新的公共建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力优化评估方法以分析公共建筑整体的抗地震倒塌能力,总结出其与子结构以及构件三者间的关系,进而研究构件的损毁情况,以实现对建筑抗地震倒塌能力的整体评估。基于公共建筑的倒塌破坏区间,采用其结构抗震倒塌能力评估方法,对公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力实施优化评估分析,得到其具体破坏指数,实现对其进行准确评估。实验结果说明,所提方法可准确描述公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力,提高建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力和经济效益。  相似文献   

基于IDA方法的高层剪力墙结构抗震能力影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙柏涛  张博  闫培雷 《震灾防御技术》2018,13(4):851-859

介绍了IDA方法的基本原理和分析步骤,采用Etabs软件对12个不同设防烈度、不同层数的高层剪力墙结构进行增量动力分析,给出了各结构模型在不同性能水平的最大层间位移角,并探讨了抗震设防等级和高度对剪力墙结构抗震能力的影响。研究表明,随着抗震设防等级的提高,结构的抗震能力会有显著的提升,而随着结构高度的增加,结构的抗震能力会相应降低。  相似文献   

Landslide activation behaviour illuminated by electrical resistance monitoring          下载免费PDF全文

A.J. Merritt  J.E. Chambers  W. Murphy  P.B. Wilkinson  L.J. West  S. Uhlemann  P.I. Meldrum  D. Gunn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1321-1334

A common factor in landslide activation (or reactivation) is subsurface moisture and associated pore pressure variations linked to rainfall. Monitoring of these subsurface hydrogeological processes is necessary to improve our understanding of water‐induced landslide activation. Geophysical approaches, electrical methods in particular, are increasingly being applied to landslide monitoring because they provide non‐invasive spatial information in heterogeneous subsurface environments that can be difficult to characterise using surface observations or intrusive sampling alone. Electrical techniques are sensitive to changing subsurface moisture conditions, and have proven to be a useful tool for investigating the hydrogeology of natural and engineered slopes. The objectives of this investigation were to further develop electrical resistance monitoring for slope stability assessment, and to validate the approach at an intermittently‐active UK landslide system to advance the understanding of complex landslide activation mechanisms. A long‐term transfer resistance dataset was collected from a grid of electrodes to allow spatial monitoring of the landslide. These data were interpreted using a synthesis of rainfall, temperature, GPS and piezometric records. The resistance data were corrected for seasonal temperature variations and electrode movements were monitored, as these processes were shown to mask moisture related changes. Results reveal that resistance monitoring is sensitive to soil moisture accumulation, including changes in piezometric levels, and can be used to study the principal activation mechanism of slow‐moving shallow earthflows. Spatial monitoring using resistance maps was shown to be particularly valuable as it revealed the evolution of subsurface moisture distribution, in the lead up to landslide activation. Key benefits of this approach are that it provides a simple, rapid and non‐invasive means of spatially monitoring subsurface moisture dynamics linked to landslide activation at high‐temporal resolution. Crucially, it provides a means of monitoring subsurface hydraulic changes in the build‐up to slope failure, thereby contributing to early warning of landslide events. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献