Runoff change of Naoli River in Northeast China in 1955–2009 and its influencing factors     

Xiaolin Song  Xianguo Lu  Zhengmao Liu  Yonghe Sun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(2):144-153

Runoff change and trend of the Naoli River Basin were studied through the time series analysis using the data from the hydrological and meteorological stations. Time series of hydrological data were from 1957 to 2009 for Bao′an station, from 1955 to 2009 for Baoqing station, from 1956 to 2009 for Caizuizi station and from 1978 to 2009 for Hongqiling station. The influences of climate change and human activities on runoff change were investigated, and the causes of hydrological regime change were revealed. The seasonal runoff distribution of the Naoli River was extremely uneven, and the annual change was great. Overall, the annual runoff showed a significant decreasing trend. The annual runoff of Bao′an, Baoqing, and Caizuizi stations in 2009 decreased by 64.1%, 76.3%, and 84.3%, respectively, compared with their beginning data recorded. The wet and dry years of the Naoli River have changed in the study period. The frequency of wet year occurrence decreased and lasted longer, whereas that of dry year occurrence increased. The frequency of dry year occurrence increased from 25.0%-27.8% to 83.9%-87.5%. The years before the 1970s were mostly wet, whereas those after the 1970s were mostly dry. Precipitation reduction and land use changes contributed to the decrease in annual runoff. Rising temperature and water project construction have also contributed important effects on the runoff change of the Naoli River.  相似文献   

CSD和CDD结合下的最优遥感特征指数集构建及其在湿地信息提取中的应用     

赵栋梁  郭超凡  吴东丽  高星琪  郭逍宇 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(6):1092-1105

依托中分辨率成像光谱仪完整的数据序列和丰富的光谱信息,遥感特征指数在湿地生态系统发展变化的状态、趋向和规律研究方面发挥着不可替代的优势。传统类间距离判别的遥感特征指数选取中常存在过分依赖数据统计特征、入选指数与目标地类间生态学意义不明确、分类模型普适性差等局限性。基于此,本研究以河北省白洋淀湿地自然保护区为例,提出类可分离性距离判别（Class Separation Discrimination,CSD）与类间距离判别（Class Distance Discrimination,CDD）相结合的方法构建最优遥感特征指数集,并采用QUEST算法和马氏距离判别法构建分类决策树模型用于白洋淀湿地信息的提取研究,尝试克服传统类间距离指数选取中的不足。结果表明：运用CSD和CDD相结合的方法所选取的遥感特征指数在研究区湿地信息提取过程中的总体分类精度达到了91.32%,Kappa系数0.88,较传统的分类与回归树（Classification and Regression Tree,CART）方法,分类精度提高了1.67%;其次选取的最优指数与待提取的湿地类型均具有明确的生态学意义,如挺水植物在立地干湿交替条件下的潴育化过程决定了氧化铁比率IO可成功的将混分的耕地和挺水植物进一步分离;进一步将基于研究区2017年OLI影像构建的CSD和CDD相结合方法与CART方法的模型分别应用于研究区2019年OLI影像进行分类,基于CSD和CDD相结合方法构建的模型分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别为：86.97%、0.83,基于CART方法构建的模型无法满足分类需求,研究结果较好地证明了基于CSD和CDD相结合方法构建的模型在年际之间具有良好的适用性和稳定性。总之,CSD和CDD相结合的方法在不降低湿地信息提取精度的基础上,有效避免了传统遥感特征指数选择方法的局限性,提高了分类模型的普适性,是遥感特征指数选择算法和决策树相结合在湿地信息提取方面的有益尝试。  相似文献   

Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns     

Jane Assini 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):738-755

Abstract

This study examined the end-of-winter snow storage, its distribution and the spatial and temporal melt patterns of a large, low gradient wetland at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. The project utilized a combination of field observations and a physically-based snowmelt model. Topography and wind were the major controls on snow distribution in the region, and snow was routinely scoured from the hilltop regions and deposited into hillslopes and valleys. Timing and duration of snowmelt at Polar Bear Pass were similar in 2008 and 2009. The snowmelt was initiated by an increase in air temperature and net radiation receipt. Inter-annual variability in spatial snowmelt patterns was evident at Polar Bear Pass and was attributed to a non-uniform snow cover distribution and local microclimate conditions. In situ field studies and modelling remain important in High Arctic regions for assessing wetland water budgets and runoff, in addition to model parameterization and validation of satellite imagery.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Assini, J. and Young, K.L., 2012. Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 738–755.  相似文献   

宁夏回族自治区湿地生态旅游可持续开发研究     

宋春玲  全晓虎 《湿地科学》2007,5(2):174-180

宁夏回族自治区的湿地类型丰富多样,拥有典型的湿地生态旅游景观和丰富的湿地动植物资源,且大多数湿地主要分布在银川市以及经济较发达的宁夏沿黄城市带,湿地旅游资源的开发具备了良好的基础和前景,但目前湿地面积不断缩小,湿地动植物资源遭到严重破坏,科学地和可持续地开发宁夏丰富的湿地旅游资源显得尤其紧迫。在调查评价宁夏湿地生态旅游资源的基础上,进行该区湿地生态旅游可持续开发的SWOT分析,提出开发的对策和建议,着重保持生态平衡,改变当地社会经济增长方式,形成人与自然和谐共处的局面,既是防止宁夏现有湿地资源进一步破坏,实现湿地生态旅游资源可持续利用的有效方法,又是加快宁夏旅游业发展的必要措施。  相似文献   

应用Landsat ETM数据估算鄱阳湖湿生植被生物量   总被引：35，自引：1，他引：35  

李仁东  刘纪远 《地理学报》2001,56(5):532-540

利用2000年的Landsat ETM数据,首次采用全数字化遥感定量方法对鄱阳湖湿生植被的生物量及其分布进行调查研究.首先,用该时相卫星数据制作假彩色合成图象,以该图象为主要依据之一,设计了野外生物量采样路线与样点,并在地形图和GPS的帮助下,实时地开展了湿生植被生物量的野外实地采样.然后,在室内将采样点坐标和Landsat ETM图象坐标进行几何纠正和匹配,将坐标统一转换为等积圆锥投影.再逐个坐标点比较采样数据与ETM4波段数据和NDVI、DVI和第一主成分数据之间的线性相关关系.统计分析的结果表明,采样数据与ETM 4波段数据有最好的正相关,其相关系数达到0.86.采样数据与DVI、NDVI数据的相关系数分别为0.83、0.80.采样数据与第一主成分数据之间的相关关系不显著,仅0.40.基于这一比较,建立了采样数据与ETM 4波段数据的线性相关模型.据此,用ETM 4波段计算出鄱阳湖4月份湿生植被的总生物量为3.8×109 kg,并编制了整个湖泊生物量的分布图.  相似文献   

Calibration of diatoms along a nutrient gradient in Florida Everglades Water Conservation Area-2A, USA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sherri R. Cooper  Jacqueline Huvane  Panchabi Vaithiyanathan  Curtis J. Richardson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(4):413-437

The relationship between diatom taxa preserved in surface soils and environmental variables at 31 sites in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) of the Florida Everglades was explored using multivariate analyses. Surface soils were collected along a phosphorus (P) gradient and analyzed for diatoms, total P, % nitrogen (N), %carbon (C), calcium (Ca), and biogenic silica (BSi). Phosphorus varied from 315-1781 g g^-1, and was not found to be correlated with the other geochemical variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to examine which environmental variables correlated most closely with the distributions in diatom taxa. Canonical correspondence analysis with forward selection, constrained and partial CCA, and Monte Carlo permutation tests of significance show the most significant changes in diatom assemblages along the P gradient (p < 0.01), with additional species differences correlated with soil C, N, Ca, and BSi.Weighted-averaging (WA) regression and calibration models of diatom assemblages to P and BSi were developed. The diatom-based inference model for soil [P] had a high apparent r² (0.86) with RMSE_boot = 218 g g^-1. Indicator diatom species identified by assessing species WA optima and WA tolerance to [P], such as Nitzschia amphibia and N. palea for high [P] (~1300-1400 g^-1) and Achnanthes minutissima var. scotica and Mastogloia smithii for low [P] (~400-600 g g^-1), may be useful as monitoring tools for eutrophication in WCA-2A as well as other areas of the Everglades. Diatom assemblages analyzed by cluster analysis were related to location within WCA-2A, and dominant taxa within clusters are discussed in relation to the geochemical variables measured as well as hydrology and pH. Diversity of diatom assemblages and a Disturbance Index based on diatom data are discussed in relation to the historically P-limited Everglades ecosystem. Diatom assemblages should be very useful for reconstructions of [P] through time in the Florida Everglades, provided diatoms are well preserved in soil cores.  相似文献   

CLOBAL CHARM OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA     

CHEN Shu-peng  ZHOU Cheng-hu  CHEN Qiu-xiao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,(4)

1SPLENDOROFHISTORICALCULTURE InChina,theChangjiang(Yangtze)RiverDelta①gen-erallymeansanadvancedproductivityandculture,whichaffectsdeeplynotonlythewholeChinabutal-sotheAsian-Pacificregion,evenEuropeandAfrica. 1.1CradlefortheCommunicationandPropagationofCivilization ThedevelopmentcourseoftheChangjiangRiverDelta'scultureisdevious,buttheNeolithicHemuduCultureexcavatedinYuyaoCityofZhejiangProvinceindicatestheadvancedpaddyriceculture;MajiabangCulture5000aB.P.andEastBridgeRuin…  相似文献   

湿地水文研究进展综述   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王兴菊  许士国  张奇 《水文》2006,26(4):1-5,9

湿地是地球上一种重要的生态系统,具有巨大的环境功能和环境效益。水文是湿地中最重要的过程,是决定产生和维持湿地典型类型和湿地过程的重要因素。因此,湿地水文过程的研究是湿地研究的核心内容,是当前国内外湿地研究的热点。本文介绍了湿地水文及其对湿地功能等的重要性,综述了当前国内外在湿地水文状态与生态环境的关系、水流运动、水文模型与水文观测等方面的研究进展,并提出了今后我国亟待加强的湿地水文研究领域。  相似文献   

Hydraulic analysis of cell-network treatment wetlands     

Huaguo Wang  James W. Jawitz 《Journal of Hydrology》2006,330(3-4):721-734

When individual cells of a multiple-cell treatment wetland are hydraulically connected, the wetland has a cell-network structure. The hydraulic performance of treatment wetlands is often characterized using tracer residence time distributions (RTDs) measured between the wetland inlet and outlet, such that the wetland is considered as a single hydraulic unit, regardless of the extent of networking between individual internal cells. This work extends the single hydraulic unit approach to enable the specification of moments and RTD parameters for individual cells, or clusters of cells, within the cell-network based on inert tracer tests with injection only at the network inlet. Hydraulic performance is quantified in terms of hydraulic efficiency and travel time dimensionless variance using both the method of moments and RTD modeling. Cell-network analysis was applied to a case study from the Orlando Easterly Wetland (OEW), demonstrating the improvement in hydraulic performance of individual wetland cells following wetland restoration activities. Furthermore, cell-network analysis indicated that the location of water quality sampling station locations within the cell network can significantly affect the accuracy of pollutant removal effectiveness estimation when the individual sample station RTD does not represent the hydraulic unit RTD. At the OEW, it was determined that historical nutrient removal effectiveness estimation may be underestimated for one area and overestimated for another, and recommendations were provided for sample station locations to minimize future performance estimation errors.  相似文献   

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2007

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.  相似文献