贵州寒武系底部黑色硅质岩成因及沉积环境探讨   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

张位华  姜立君  高慧  杨瑞东 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2003,22(2):174-178

贵州寒武系底部形成的黑色层状硅质岩，岩石展布广，层位稳定，厚度较大。硅质岩的δ^30Si值为—0．1‰～0．9‰，平均0．314‰；δ^18O值为12．8‰～21．2‰，通过δ^18O值计算出该区硅质岩形成温度82．2～162．5℃；硅质岩富含Ba、As、Sb、Bi和U，呈明显的Ce负异常。硅质岩的地球化学特征表明其主要成因是热水沉积作用。同时由于硅质岩主要是热水来源，所以在讨论其形成环境时还结合了岩相古地理的方法，指出该套硅质岩形成于深水缓坡至浅水滞流海环境之中。  相似文献   

青海锡铁山热水沉积型铅锌矿床的地球化学特征   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

邓达文  孔华  奚小双 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2003,22(4):310-313

通过对锡铁山铅锌矿床的围岩(矿石)化学成分、稀土及微量元素特征的研究，发现矿区地层普遍具有铈负异常(δCe=0．47～0．90)，为海相沉积岩，近矿围岩中Ag、Hg、As、Sb、Ba等热水沉积指示元素偏高，显示成矿流体性质为热卤水，矿区火山岩不发育，矿床类型可以划为Sedex型。  相似文献   

渤海湾老狼坨子海岸带^14C,^137Cs、^210Pb测年与现代沉积速率的加速趋势   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10  

王宏 姜义李建芬  夏威岚M．VanStrydonck S．L．Goodbred 康慧 《地质通报》2003,22(9):658-664

通过对渤海湾西岸L剖面中同一关键层的碳酸钙和原生腹足类壳债权的^14C测年对比研究，确定了晚全新世的2800cal BP的层位及沉积速率0.045cm/a;8个样柱的^137Cs和^210Pbex强度、蓄积量揭示了距今约120年来堤后盐沼的平均沉积速率约为0.35cm/a，而面向开放海湾的潮坪上部则达到约2-3cm/a。研究区近1个世纪以来沉积速率的加速趋势，是渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带的特征之一。  相似文献   

沃尔什变换在测井曲线分层中的应用研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王祝文  刘菁华 《地质与勘探》2003,39(4):81-84

在岩性复杂的变质岩地区实施的大陆科学钻探，是通过采集井下不同深度岩石物理化学性质和物理场的各种数据，研究地壳特征及演化过程的各种科学问题。利用测井资料达到岩性剖面的重建是大陆科学钻探的重要目的之一。章利用沃尔什变换对钻孔岩性剖面进行分层，大重建的岩性剖面结果可以看出，该方法对于变质岩地区不同岩性的划分还是比较有效的。  相似文献   

盆山耦合与沉积作用   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16  

李继亮  肖文交  闫臻 《沉积学报》2003,21(1):52-60

盆山耦合是重要的地质现象。根据动力学机制 ,可以识别出 6种盆山耦合类型 :引张、挤压、走滑引张、走滑挤压、垂直应力和冲击。本文讨论各种盆山耦合类型的构造特征和典型的沉积作用。  相似文献   

Continental subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. Structural and geochronological insights from the Dabieshan (East China)   总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34  

Michel Faure  Wei Lin  Urs Schrer  Liangshu Shu  Yan Sun  Nicolas Arnaud 《Lithos》2003,70(3-4):213-241

In the Dabieshan, the available models for exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks are poorly constrained by structural data. A comprehensive structural and kinematic map and a general cross-section of the Dabieshan including its foreland fold belt and the Northern Dabieshan Domain (Foziling and Luzenguang groups) are presented here. South Dabieshan consists from bottom to top of stacked allochtons: (1) an amphibolite facies gneissic unit, devoid of UHP rocks, interpreted here as the relative autochton; (2) an UHP allochton; (3) a HP rock unit (Susong group) mostly retrogressed into greenschist facies micaschists; (4) a weakly metamorphosed Proterozoic slate and sandstone unit; and (5) an unmetamorphosed Cambrian to Early Triassic sedimentary sequence unconformably covered by Jurassic sandstone. All these units exhibit a polyphase ductile deformation characterized by (i) a NW–SE lineation with a top-to-the-NW shearing, and (ii) a southward refolding of early ductile fabrics.

The Central Dabieshan is a 100-km scale migmatitic dome. Newly discovered eclogite xenoliths in a Cretaceous granitoid dated at 102 Ma by the U–Pb method on titanite demonstrate that migmatization post-dates HP–UHP metamorphism. Ductile faults formed in the subsolidus state coeval to migmatization allow us to characterize the structural pattern of doming. Along the dome margins, migmatite is gneissified under post-solidus conditions and mylonitic–ultramylonitic fabrics commonly develop. The north and west boundaries of the Central Dabieshan metamorphics, i.e. the Xiaotian–Mozitan and Macheng faults, are ductile normal faults formed before Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. A Cretaceous reworking is recorded by synkinematic plutons.

North of the Xiaotian–Mozitan fault, the North Dabieshan Domain consists of metasediments and orthogneiss (Foziling and Luzenguang groups) metamorphosed under greenschist to amphibolite facies which never experienced UHP metamorphism. A rare N–S-trending lineation with top-to-the-south shearing is dated at 260 Ma by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method on muscovite. This early structure related to compressional tectonics is reworked by top-to-the-north extensional shear bands.

The main deformation of the Dabieshan consists of a NW–SE-stretching lineation which wraps around the migmatitic dome but exhibits a consistently top-to-the-NW sense of shear. The Central Dabieshan is interpreted as an extensional migmatitic dome bounded by an arched, top-to-the-NW, detachment fault. This structure may account for a part of the UHP rock exhumation. However, the abundance of amphibolite restites in the Central Dabieshan migmatites and the scarcity of eclogites (found only in a few places) argue for an early stage of exhumation and retrogression of UHP rocks before migmatization. This event is coeval to the N–S extensional structures described in the North Dabieshan Domain. Recent radiometric dates suggest that early exhumation and subsequent migmatization occurred in Triassic–Liassic times. The main foliation is deformed by north-verging recumbent folds coeval to the south-verging folds of the South Dabieshan Domain. An intense Cretaceous magmatism accounts for thermal resetting of most of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates.

A lithosphere-scale exhumation model, involving continental subduction, synconvergence extension with inversion of southward thrusts into NW-ward normal faults and crustal melting is presented.  相似文献   

Wave-influenced deltas: geomorphological implications for facies reconstruction   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Janok P. Bhattacharya  Liviu Giosan† 《Sedimentology》2003,50(1):187-210

ABSTRACT A process‐based facies model for asymmetric wave‐influenced deltas predicts significant river‐borne muds with potentially lower quality reservoir facies in prodelta and downdrift areas, and better quality sand in updrift areas. Many ancient barrier‐lagoon systems and ‘offshore bars’ may be better reinterpreted as components of large‐scale asymmetric wave‐influenced deltaic systems. The proposed model is based on a re‐evaluation of several modern examples. An asymmetry index A is defined as the ratio between the net longshore transport rate at the mouth (in m³ year^?1) and river discharge (in 10⁶ m³ month^?1). Symmetry is favoured in deltas with an index below ≈ 200 (e.g. Tiber, lobes of the Godavari delta, Rosetta lobe of the Nile, Ebro), whereas deltas with a higher index are asymmetric (e.g. Danube – Sf. Gheorghe lobe, Brazos, Damietta lobe of the Nile). Periodic deflection of the river mouth for significant distances in the downdrift direction occurs in extreme cases of littoral drift dominance (e.g. Mahanadi), resulting in a series of randomly distributed, quasi‐parallel series of sand spits and channel fills. Asymmetric deltas show variable proportions of river‐, wave‐ and tide‐dominated facies both among and within their lobes. Bayhead deltas, lagoons and barrier islands form naturally in prograding asymmetric deltas and are not necessarily associated with transgressive systems. This complexity underlines the necessity of interpreting ancient depositional systems in a larger palaeogeographic context.  相似文献   

大陆地震的动力学模型研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

李丽  石耀霖 《地震》1997,17(2):133-141

应用非线性动力学模型，以大陆构造构体为参照对象，对大陆地震的成组孕育和发生过程进行模拟研究，通过对６×８弹簧－滑块－阻尼器组合单元非线性动力学模型的理论计算及其结果的分析，得到了一系列与实际地震较类似的人工地震图像，如模型中的地震活动在时间上有轮回怀，在地点上有条带性，并在不同轮回中有条过移的现象。模型中应力变化十分复杂，但仍能为预测地震提供概略性的信息。  相似文献   

黄河下游泥沙淤积的经验统计关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许炯心 《地理研究》1997,16(1):23-30

以黄河下游历年实测水文泥沙资料为基础,运用多元回归分析方法,建立了下游河道淤积量与淤积强度的经验统计关系。揭示了不同粒径组泥沙的来量和它们在全沙中所占的比率对下游河道淤积特征的影响。同时,研究了高含沙洪水及清水基流对下游河道淤积的影响。  相似文献   

现代沉积的²¹⁰Pb计年   总被引：74，自引：10，他引：74       下载免费PDF全文

万国江 《第四纪研究》1997,17(3):230-239

²¹⁰Pb具有百年时间尺度沉积计年的重要价值。²¹⁰Pb_ex计年假设：沉积物是封闭系统；进入水体的²¹⁰Pb能有效地转移到沉积物中并不发生沉积后迁移；非过剩²¹⁰Pb与其母体²²⁶Ra保持平衡。²¹⁰Pb_ex计年可用稳定输入通量-稳定沉积物堆积速率模式、常量初始浓度模式或恒定补给速率模式。沉积物柱芯必须保持原态并以0．5～1cm间隔分截；用相应层节²²⁶Ra校正。沉积物表层混合作用及²²²Rn的丢失可能导致顶部²¹⁰Pb_ex异常。季节性缺氧湖泊沉积物顶部可能存在²¹⁰Pb及²¹⁰Po的再迁移。²¹⁰Pb与¹³⁷Cs两种计年方法原理上具有根本差别。²¹⁰Pb，¹³⁷Cs与沉积纹理方法对比是准确计年的重要保证。  相似文献