黄海秋季大型底栖甲壳类多样性及群落结构的初步研究     

祝琳  李少月  王智  张蒙生  陈晨  滕安康  邵聪聪  于子山 《海洋科学》2022,46(9):98-108

基于2014年秋季（11月）在黄海海域所获取的大型底栖动物及环境数据,研究了黄海海域大型底栖甲壳类动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、多样性以及群落结构特征等。调查海域共发现71种大型底栖甲壳类动物,隶属于32科45属,其平均丰度和生物量分别为278inds./m2和2.33g/m2。IRI值最高的物种为太平洋方甲涟虫Eudorella pacifica。在23%的相似度水平上,可以将大型底栖甲壳类划分为六个群落。Pearson相关性结果显示,太平洋方甲涟虫Eudorella pacifica丰度与水深呈极显著正相关,与底盐呈显著正相关,与底温呈显著负相关。大型底栖甲壳类动物的物种数占比在黄海大型底栖动物类群组成中变化不大,都在30%左右。BOPA指数表明,调查海域底栖生态环境整体良好,仅黄海中部和南部部分站位可能存在中度扰动;BOPA指数能较好地评价研究海域的环境质量状况。  相似文献   

基于3维激光扫描的智能社区建设     

薛晓轩 《东北测绘》2013,(4):98-100

数字城市建设风起云涌,智慧城市引领发展潮流。地理信息技术从2维发展到3维把城市的抽象化变为可视化。智能社区只是把智慧城市微缩到社区,变宏观管理为微观管理,变粗犷管理为精细管理。这是未来社区管理的发展趋势,智能化将成为衡量居民幸福指数的重要标志。  相似文献   

SDI planning using the system dynamics technique within a community of practice: lessons learnt from Tanzania     

Ali Mansourian  Alex Lubida  Petter Pilesjö  Ehsan Abdolmajidi  Monica Lassi 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(2-3):97-110

There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI, due to the high complexity of SDI, lack of knowledge and experience, and limited insight in the benefits. To address these challenges, a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania, based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept, was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations. The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan, while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI. By running the system dynamics model, the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions. Finally, an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders. This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support. Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.  相似文献   

Mapping dominant vegetation communities at Meili Snow Mountain,Yunnan Province,China using satellite imagery and plant community data     

Z. Zhang  E. De Clercq  X. K. Ou  R. De Wulf  L. Verbeke 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):135-153

Mapping dominant vegetation communities is important work for vegetation scientists. It is very difficult to map dominant vegetation communities using multispectral remote sensing data only, especially in mountain areas. However plant community data contain useful information about the relationships between plant communities and their environment. In this paper, plant community data are linked with remote sensing to map vegetation communities. The Bayesian soft classifier was used to produce posterior probability images for each class. These images were used to calculate the prior probabilities. One hundred and eighty plant plots at Meili Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China were used to characterize the vegetation distribution for each class along altitude gradients. Then, the frequencies were used to modify the prior probabilities of each class. After stratification in a vegetation part and a non-vegetation part, a maximum-likelihood classification with equal prior probabilities was conducted, yielding an overall accuracy of 82.1% and a kappa accuracy of 0.797. Maximum-likelihood classification with modified prior probabilities in the vegetation part, conducted with a conventional maximum-likelihood classification for the non-vegetation part, yielded an overall accuracy of 87.7%, and a kappa accuracy of 0.861.  相似文献   

A quantitative assessment of vegetable farming on vacant lots in an urban fringe area in Metro Manila: Can it sustain long-term local vegetable demand?     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2013

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess vegetable production and consumption in an urban fringe area in Metro Manila, the Philippines. We conducted field investigations into vegetable production at a farm within a subdivision, monitored customers for 1 week at the farm's vegetable stand, interviewed customers of the stand, and conducted household monitoring and interviews to identify purchasing behavior. We also conducted an object-based WorldView-2 image analysis of a larger area to identify current and potential future vegetable farming plots and a spatial analysis using GIS to visualize the vegetable production/consumption ratio. We found that about one-third of current vegetable demand could be supplied by greater promotion of vegetable farming in vacant lots and by setting up more vegetable stands at spatial intervals less than 1-km. Subdivision regulations also influenced vegetable farming because of the level of social acceptance of caretakers of vacant lots. The current planning and institutional framework does not consider social contexts in land use and planning. We suggested that a new framework is necessary; it should consider balancing the formation of social capital and formalize planning and institutional procedures to support sustainable local vegetable production.  相似文献   

Floods,drought, and seed mass of riparian plant species     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

Plant communities in dryland riparian ecosystems are influenced by flood disturbance and water availability. As global climate change alters stream flow regimes, there is increasing need to understand which traits allow plant species to persist under increased stress and disturbance. Small seed mass is part of a strategy that adapts for disturbance, but the role of seed mass as an adaptation for drought is less well documented. For dryland riparian plant communities, we asked, does seed mass vary with water availability and flood frequency? We compared community seed mass between sites that vary in flow permanence (longitudinal water gradient) and between hydrogeomorphic surfaces within sites (lateral gradients of moisture and disturbance). Using data from four rivers in Arizona, we contrasted seed mass between plant groups. We found community seed mass to be greater at sites with ephemeral than perennial flow, and to increase laterally from wet, frequently-flooded channel edges to dry, less disturbed terraces. Seed mass varied by moisture group (smallest for hydroriparian species) and by disturbance group (smallest for disturbance species), and showed a trend for being greater in introduced species. We conclude that small seed mass is independently associated with wet and disturbed conditions in dryland riparian ecosystems.  相似文献   

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: MORE THAN EVER,THE BUSINESS OF AMERICA     

Luke Drake 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):177-196

Community-produced spaces such as community gardens are attracting widespread scholarly interest for the potential of not only food production, but also for social, environmental, and educational benefits. Yet community gardens have also been scrutinized as sites of governmentality that produce neoliberal subjects. In this article, six case studies are analyzed as representative of three ways to organize and manage gardens—grassroots, externally-organized, and active nonprofit management. I use performativity theory to examine how definitions and enactments of community can be used to include, exclude, or bridge difference. The analysis highlights some of the specific moments in garden organizing and management that influence participation or resistance to community-oriented urban food production.  相似文献   

RURAL/URBAN LAND CONVERSION I:ESTIMATING THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACTS     

《Urban geography》2013,34(4):323-347

This paper provides an accounting methodology for estimating the direct: indirect urban/rural land conversion ratio. This methodology is then used in two case studies (in central Canada) for four different years over a 15-year time period. The results indicate that the direct:indirect land conversion ratios fluctuate considerably in a specific region during urbanization. The results are used to suggest a stage model of rural/urban land conversion that highlights the sensitivity of different planning questions in the various stages of conversion.  相似文献   

Beyond Gentrification: Mobilizing Communities and Claiming Space   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《Urban geography》2013,34(5):437-457

During the 20th century, neighborhood change and the displacement of low-income residents from their homes has occurred in a variety of ways from the demolition of entire areas to more recent revitalization efforts emphasizing the building of community and new governance structures. In this paper, I argue two interrelated points. First, whereas economic displacement of low-income people from their homes and neighborhoods is one effect of neighborhood revitalization initiatives, there is a wider set of factors that constitutes the marginalization, displacement, and exclusion of certain population groups from effectively making claims on neighborhood space. Second, in an era of neoliberalization, whereby civil society is expected to play a larger role in neighborhood governance and the provision of social welfare, the formation and activities of neighborhood-based communities, and their relation to state and market forces, have become increasingly important factors to examine. In this article, I address these areas of inquiry through a case study of a neighborhood revitalization initiative in Chattanooga, Tennessee that has been under way since 1998.  相似文献   

Growth Management and Resident Satisfaction with Local Public Services     

《Urban geography》2013,34(5):662-681

The lack of timely survey data on resident satisfaction with local public services makes it difficult to verify the legitimacy of resident concerns with the effects of rapid population growth. This study attempts to verify the legitimacy of such concerns by analyzing survey data on resident service satisfaction in a rapidly growing county in Northern Virginia. Using an empirical model that simultaneously incorporates individual- and community-level predictors of resident service satisfaction seems to support resident's concerns; resident service satisfaction is significantly lower in the area of the county (the eastern part) where most new development has occurred. This finding suggests that residents living in comparatively low density communities in the fastest-growing area of the county are not very satisfied with services. One explanation is that these services are not yet in place so they compare unfavorably with the services residents experienced in the communities from which they came.  相似文献