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161.
Effects of inertial and kinematic interaction on seismic behavior of pile with embedded foundation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kohji Tokimatsu Hiroko Suzuki Masayoshi Sato 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(7-10):753-762
Effects of inertial and kinematic forces on pile stresses are studied based on large shaking table tests on pile-structure models with a foundation embedded in dry and liquefiable sand deposits. The test results show that, if the natural period of the superstructure, Tb, is less than that of the ground, Tg, the ground displacement tends to be in phase with the inertial force from the superstructure, increasing the shear force transmitted to the pile. In contrast, if Tb is greater than Tg, the ground displacement tends to be out of phase with the inertial force, restraining the pile stress from increasing. With the effects of earth pressures on the embedded foundation and pile incorporated in, pseudo-static analysis is conducted to estimate maximum moment distribution in pile. It is assumed that the maximum moment is equal to the sum of the two stresses caused by the inertial and kinematic effects if Tb<Tg or the square root of the sum of the squares of the two if Tb>Tg. The estimated pile stresses are in good agreement with the observed ones regardless of the occurrence of soil liquefaction. 相似文献
162.
It has been well studied that the γ-function explicit method can be effective in providing favorable numerical dissipation for linear elastic systems. However, its performance for nonlinear systems is unclear due to a lack of analytical evaluation techniques. Thus, a novel technique is proposed herein to evaluate its efficiency for application to nonlinear systems by introducing two parameters to describe the stiffness change. As a result, the numerical properties and error propagation characteristics of the γ-function explicit method for the pseudodynamic testing of a nonlinear system are analytically assessed. It is found that the upper stability limit decreases as the step degree of nonlinearity increases; and it increases as the current degree of nonlinearity increases. It is also shown that this integration method provides favorable numerical dissipation not only for linear elastic systems but also for nonlinear systems. Furthermore, error propagation analysis reveals that the numerical dissipation can effectively suppress the severe error propagation of high frequency modes while the low frequency responses are almost unaffected for both linear elastic and nonlinear systems. 相似文献
163.
F. Colangelo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(10):1219-1241
This paper presents pseudo‐dynamic test results on the in‐plane seismic behaviour of infilled frames. Thirteen single‐storey, single‐bay, half‐size‐scale, reinforced concrete‐frame specimens, most of which infilled with non‐structural masonry made of perforated bricks and cement mortar are tested. The infills are in contact with frames, without any connector; openings are not covered. The frames are different in their strength and details, reinforcement grade, and aspect ratio. Seismic input is the 1976 Tolmezzo (Friuli, Italy) ground acceleration, to which specimens are subjected two times: virgin and damaged by the previous test. The global seismic response of initially virgin infilled specimens considerably differs from that of bare specimens. This follows a dramatic change of properties: compared to a bare frame, the initial stiffness increases by one order of magnitude, and the peak strength more than doubles. The peak drift lessens; however, the displacement ductility demand does not. The energy demand is greater. Nevertheless, the influence of infill decreases as damage proceeds. Displacement time histories of damaged specimens are quite similar. At the local level, infill causes asymmetry and concentration of the frame deformation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
164.
165.
166.
Crustal and upper mantle seismic structure of the Australian Plate, South Island, New Zealand 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Anne Melhuish W. Steven Holbrook Fred Davey David A. Okaya Tim Stern 《Tectonophysics》2005,395(1-2):113-135
Seismic reflection and refraction data were collected west of New Zealand's South Island parallel to the Pacific–Australian Plate boundary. The obliquely convergent plate boundary is marked at the surface by the Alpine Fault, which juxtaposes continental crust of each plate. The data are used to study the crustal and uppermost mantle structure and provide a link between other seismic transects which cross the plate boundary. Arrival times of wide-angle reflected and refracted events from 13 recording stations are used to construct a 380-km long crustal velocity model. The model shows that, beneath a 2–4-km thick sedimentary veneer, the crust consists of two layers. The upper layer velocities increase from 5.4–5.9 km/s at the top of the layer to 6.3 km/s at the base of the layer. The base of the layer is mainly about 20 km deep but deepens to 25 km at its southern end. The lower layer velocities range from 6.3 to 7.1 km/s, and are commonly around 6.5 km/s at the top of the layer and 6.7 km/s at the base. Beneath the lower layer, the model has velocities of 8.2–8.5 km/s, typical of mantle material. The Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho) therefore lies at the base of the second layer. It is at a depth of around 30 km but shallows over the south–central third of the profile to about 26 km, possibly associated with a southwest dipping detachment fault. The high, variable sub-Moho velocities of 8.2 km/s to 8.5 km/s are inferred to result from strong upper mantle anisotropy. Multichannel seismic reflection data cover about 220 km of the southern part of the modelled section. Beneath the well-layered Oligocene to recent sedimentary section, the crustal section is broadly divided into two zones, which correspond to the two layers of the velocity model. The upper layer (down to about 7–9 s two-way travel time) has few reflections. The lower layer (down to about 11 s two-way time) contains many strong, subparallel reflections. The base of this reflective zone is the Moho. Bi-vergent dipping reflective zones within this lower crustal layer are interpreted as interwedging structures common in areas of crustal shortening. These structures and the strong northeast dipping reflections beneath the Moho towards the north end of the (MCS) line are interpreted to be caused by Paleozoic north-dipping subduction and terrane collision at the margin of Gondwana. Deeper mantle reflections with variable dip are observed on the wide-angle gathers. Travel-time modelling of these events by ray-tracing through the established velocity model indicates depths of 50–110 km for these events. They show little coherence in dip and may be caused side-swipe from the adjacent crustal root under the Southern Alps or from the upper mantle density anomalies inferred from teleseismic data under the crustal root. 相似文献
167.
168.
随着GPS观测及数据处理技术的发展,GPS定位技术在地球动力学方面的应用越来广泛,本文介绍国内外利用GPS定位技术在地球动力学方面的应用现状,着重介绍了GPS精密定位技术在福建地壳形变监测方面的应用现状和取得的初步成果。 相似文献
169.
Statistical and geostatistical features of streambed hydraulic conductivities in the Platte River, Nebraska 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xunhong Chen 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):693-701
This paper presents streambed hydraulic conductivities of the Platte River from south-central to eastern Nebraska. The hydraulic
conductivities were determined from river channels using permeameter tests. The vertical hydraulic conductivities (K
v
) from seven test sites along this river in south-central Nebraska belong to one statistical population. Its mean value is
40.2 m/d. However, the vertical hydraulic conductivities along four transects of the Ashland test site in eastern Nebraska
have lower mean values, are statistically different from the K
v
values in south-central Nebraska, and belong to two different populations with mean values of 20.7 and 9.1 m/d, respectively.
Finer sediments carried from the Loup River and Elkhorn River watersheds to the eastern reach of the Platte River lowers the
vertical hydraulic conductivity of the streambed. Correlation coefficients between water depth and K
v
values along a test transect indicates a positive correlation – a larger K
v
usually occurs in the part of channel with deeper water. Experimental variograms derived from the vertical hydraulic conductivities
for several transects across the channels of the Platte River show periodicity of spatial correlation, which likely result
from periodic variation of water depth across the channels. The sandy to gravelly streambed contains very local silt and clay
layers; spatially continuous low-permeability streambed was not observed in the river channels. The horizontal hydraulic conductivities
were larger than the vertical hydraulic conductivities for the same test locations. 相似文献
170.
A multi-layered aquifer, typical of riverbank alluvial deposits in Korea, was studied to determine the hydrologic properties.
The geologic logging showed that the subsurface of the study site was comprised of four distinctive hydrogeologic units: silt,
sand, highly weathered and fresh bedrock layers. The electrical resistivity survey supplied information on lateral extension
of hydrogeologic strata only partially identified by a limited number of the geologic loggings. The laboratory column tracer
test for the recovered core of the sand layer resulted in a hydraulic conductivity of 5.00×10−2 cm/s. The slug tests performed in the weathered rock layer yielded hydraulic conductivities of 4.32–7.72×10−4 cm/s. Hydraulic conductivities for the sand layer calculated from the breakthrough curves of bromide ranged between 2.08×10−3 and 2.44×10−2 cm/s with a geometric mean of 6.89×10−3 cm/s, which is 7 times smaller than that from the laboratory column experiment. The trend of increasing hydraulic conductivity
with an increase in tracer travel length is likely a result of the increased likelihood of encountering a high conductivity
zone as more of the aquifer is tested. The combined hydrogeologic site characterization using hydraulic tests, tracer tests,
and column test with geologic loggings and geophysical survey greatly enhanced the understanding of the hydrologic properties
of the multi-layered alluvial aquifer. 相似文献