胶结钙质土的室内试验研究进展     

朱长歧  周斌  刘海峰 《岩土力学》2015,36(2):311-319

天然胶结钙质土是广泛分布于热带及亚热带海洋中由生物碎屑经碳酸钙胶结或固结而形成的碳酸盐岩类。其独特的工程性质常常给岩土工程设计与施工带来麻烦,也正因此引起了研究者的兴趣并对其开展了较为全面的试验研究工作。针对天然胶结钙质土、人工胶结钙质土的室内试验以及人工胶结钙质土试样的制备等3方面取得的研究进展进行总结回顾,汇总了胶结钙质土的基本应力-应变行为以及围压、初始密度及胶结度等主要参数的影响规律,指出了研究中尚存在的问题,并对胶结钙质土的进一步的研究工作进行了展望。该工作必将对此领域的研究具有借鉴和指导意义。  相似文献   

平台巴西劈裂试验确定岩石抗拉强度的理论分析     

黄耀光  王连国  陈家瑞  张继华 《岩土力学》2015,36(3):739-748

为了完善平台巴西劈裂试验测定岩石抗拉强度的理论基础,基于二维弹性理论,建立对弦载荷下的平台巴西劈裂力学模型,采用应力场叠加法求得圆盘内的应力近似解析解。该应力理论解与有限元数值解一致,证明理论求解的合理性。在此基础上,对比研究了平台加载角对圆盘内应力大小及应力集中程度的影响,其结果表明：平台加载角越大,圆盘加载处的应力集中程度和压拉应力比都急剧降低,而圆盘内的拉应力值和拉伸区却只有一定程度减小;过大或过小的平台加载角都不利于平台巴西试样发生中心拉伸劈裂破坏,其最优平台加载角在20°~30°之间。最后,依据Griffith强度破坏准则,推得岩石抗拉强度的理论计算公式,其结果与已有抗拉强度经验公式及试验所得抗拉强度相符较好。  相似文献   

三轴冲击荷载作用下淤泥力学响应研究     

林伟弟  李彰明  罗智斌 《岩土力学》2015,36(7):1966-1972

利用SPAX-2000（改进型）静动真三轴系统,针对淤泥类超软土进行静动力排水固结试验,研究包括较高频率在内的各冲击荷载频率（1、8、16 Hz）与不同围压（200、250、300 kPa）作用下淤泥的力学响应;此外,结合三轴剪切试验研究不同固结条件对淤泥不排水强度的影响。试验结果表明：（1）在相同冲击频率作用下,试样抗剪强度随着围压增大而提高;围压增大,使得球应力增大,体应变随着增大,有效地促进试样排水固结。（2）相同围压作用下,存在着一个冲击荷载频率阈值,当冲击频率低于这一阈值时,随着冲击荷载频率的提高,轴向应变量逐渐变小,反之逐渐变大。（3）冲击瞬间,体应变为负值,表现为体胀,这与原位试验夯击瞬间的孔隙水压力变化曲线一致,从而验证了高含水率淤泥在冲击作用下的孔压负增长现象。  相似文献   

三层堤基中细砂层厚度对管涌影响的试验研究     

王霜  陈建生  周鹏 《岩土力学》2015,36(10):2847-2854

对由弱透水黏土层、细砂层和强透水砂砾层组成的三层堤基进行了管涌发展的砂槽模型试验,为了便于观察分析,细砂层由各种颜色的细彩砂依次排列在砂砾石层上表面,通过改变彩砂层的厚度分析研究了不同细砂层厚度对管涌发生、发展机制及过程的影响。试验结果表明,三层堤基细砂层厚度的不同使管涌发生的临界水力梯度、涌砂量和通道发展的速度不同,与双层堤基有很大区别。临界水力梯度是由多种元素决定的,包括破坏土体的性质及其整体性等;细砂层的存在使流量在渗透变形初期对涌砂不敏感;在试验中发生的相同水位下多次间歇性涌砂,其原因一方面是颗粒在运动过程中发生堵塞,另一方面是通道边界的土体失去支撑发生应力释放,抵抗力随着时间逐渐减小。  相似文献   

Characterisation of shear wave velocity profiles of non-uniform bi-layer soil deposits: Analytical evaluation and experimental validation     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

A crucial aspect of physical geotechnical model tests (under both 1-g and n-g conditions) is the evaluation of the initial (low-strain) stiffness of the soil layers of the sample test deposit, especially in the case of coarse materials. While for uniform soil deposits this issue can be addressed in a straightforward manner, e.g. by determining the fundamental frequency through the transfer function of an applied white-noise excitation, the problem becomes cumbersome for multi-layered deposits. After reviewing a number of available theoretical solutions, this paper illustrates a simplified yet reliable analytical procedure for determining the shear wave velocity profile (V_s) in a single or bi-layer deposit, taking into account the inhomogeneity of the individual soil layers, under the hypothesis of vanishing shear modulus at ground surface. The fundamental natural frequency of the inhomogeneous bi-layer deposit is analysed using the Rayleigh quotient procedure. The associated shape function is evaluated by considering the equilibrium of the soil column under a pseudo-static lateral inertial excitation imposed at its base, accounting for both layering and inhomogeneity. A validation of the proposed method is provided by comparing numerical results obtained from both time- and frequency- domain analyses against experimental data on Leighton Buzzard sand, from a recently-completed research project conducted on the shaking table facility at BLADE Laboratory, University of Bristol (UK).  相似文献   

Shaking-table tests and numerical simulations on a subway structure in soft soil     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

Shaking table tests were performed to investigate the damage mechanisms of a subway structure in soft soil while experiencing strong ground motions. The seismic responses of the structure and soil were found to be more sensitive to input motions with richer low-frequency components. The excess pore pressure ratio of soil increased slightly, and the distribution of the excess pore pressure surrounding the structure showed clear spatial effects. The frequency spectrum characteristics of input ground motions clearly influenced the lateral displacement of the structure. In addition, the structure was most severely damaged at the top or the bottom of the interior columns. Finite element analyses were conducted by using the modified Martin–Seed–Davidenkov viscoelastic and the rate-independent plastic-damage constitutive models for soil and concrete, respectively. Satisfactory agreement was observed between the simulation and test results, the difference between these results was discussed in detail. The results provide insight into how the characteristics of strong ground motion might influence and present a simplified analysis method to quantitatively evaluate the damage of subway structures in soft soil.  相似文献   

Cyclic and post-cyclic monotonic behavior of Adapazari soils     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The August 17, 1999 Kocaeli earthquake affected the city of Adapazari, which is located in the northwest of Turkey, with severe liquefaction and bearing capacity failures causing tilting of buildings, excessive settlements and lateral displacements. To understand the stress–strain behavior and pore pressure behavior of undisturbed soils during the earthquake, the cyclic and post-cyclic shear strength tests have been conducted on soil samples obtained from Adapazari in a cyclic triaxial test system within the scope of this research. Cyclic tests have been conducted under stress controlled and undrained conditions. Post-cyclic monotonic tests have been conducted following cyclic tests. The strength curves obtained in the experiments showed that the dynamic resistance of silty sand was found to be 45% lower than those of high plasticity soils (MH). The strength of clayey soils with the plasticity index of PI=15–16% was lower compared to the strength of high plasticity soils. Also, it was observed that silty sand soils had the lowest strength. The dynamic strength of the soils increased with the increase in plasticity.  相似文献   

Development of an empirical correlation for predicting shear wave velocity of Christchurch soils from cone penetration test data     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of offshore wind foundations under earthquake loading     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The construction of large offshore wind turbines in seismic active regions has great demand on the design of foundations. The occurrence of soil liquefaction under seismic motion will affect the stability of the foundations and consequently the operation of the turbines. In this study, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests was performed on wind turbine models with gravity and monopile foundations, respectively, to exam their seismic response. It was found that the seismic behavior of models was quite different in the dry or saturated conditions. Each type of foundation exhibited distinct response to the earthquake loading, especially in the offshore environment. In the supplementary tests, several remediation methods were evaluated in order to mitigate the relatively large lateral displacement of pile foundation (by fixed-end pile and multi-pile foundation) and excessive settlement of gravity foundation (by densification, stone column, and cementation techniques).  相似文献   

Pre-shear effect on liquefaction resistance of a Fujian sand     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

Pre-shear history has been shown to be a critical factor in the liquefaction resistance of sand. By contrast to prior experimental studies in which triaxial shear tests were used to examine the effects of pre-shear on the liquefaction resistance of sand, hollow cylinder torsional shear tests were used in this study to avoid the influence of the inherent anisotropy that is inevitably produced during the sample preparation process because of gravitational deposition. A series of cyclic undrained shear tests were performed on sand samples that had experienced medium to large pre-shear loading. The test results showed that the liquefaction resistance of sand can be greatly reduced by its pre-shear history, and a pre-shear strain within the range from 0.1% to 5% can cause sand to be more prone to liquefaction. During the cyclic shear tests, the samples that had experienced pre-shear loading exhibited different behaviors when cyclic shear loading started in different directions, i.e., the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction. If the cyclic loading started in the identical direction as the pre-shear loading, then the mean effective stress of the sand was almost unchanged during the first half of the loading cycle; if the cyclic loading started in the direction opposite to that of the pre-shear loading, then the mean effective stress decreased significantly during the first half of the loading cycle. However, this anisotropic behavior was only remarkable during the first loading cycle. From the second cycle onward, the speeds of the decrease in the mean effective stresses in the two types of shear tests became similar.  相似文献