Experiment of Dividing the Active Blocks Based on Horizontal Crustal Movement Observed by GPS     

Li Yanxing  Hu Xinkang  Shuai Ping  Guo Liangqian 《中国地震研究》2000,14(4):323-328

In this paper, the discrepancy between the movements of intraplate blocks and plates isdiscussed, and the method to divide the intraplate active blocks is presented by selecting Bursaformula as the kinematic model for the intraplate blocks. Based on the data of three GPScampaigns in North-China network in l995, 1996 and l999, respectively, the northern area inNorth China is divided into eight small blocks with the mathematical model and methodpresented in this paper. The divided blocks based on tbe horizontal and vertical crustalmovements in the paper are consistent or approximate with each other in the area as a whole.The divided blocks in the paper is also basically accordant with the neotectonic movement,which indicates that the current movement of active blocks in this area is the succession anddevelopment of neotectonic movement. Moreover, some new activity characteristics in the areahave been revealed by the tectonic units divided with the horizontal crustal movement.  相似文献   

Institutional geographies of the New Age movement     

Julian Holloway 《Geoforum》2000,31(4)

This paper is concerned with the production and reproduction of different institutional geographies of the New Age movement. Instead of taking institutional geographies to be given and fixed co-ordinates in the social field, the paper seeks to understand how they are relational outcomes and effects that require constant upkeep. After characterising the New Age movement, in terms of its central cosmology and visions of transformation, the paper takes an actor-network theory (ANT) approach to the understanding of institutional geographies. Through analysing how New Age knowledges and practices travel through time and space, and utilising ANT’s concept of ‘centres of translation’, institutional geographies are taken to be active space-times that are both enrolled into New Age teachers and practitioners programs of action, and space-times that actively enrol teachers and practitioners. It is argued that the intertwining of different engineered actor-networks in and through these space-times maintains the New Age movement itself and thus examining institutional geographies can tell of the movement’s shape or topology. A controversy over the work of David Icke is explored to reveal how institutional geographies are sites for regulation of what counts as New Age knowledge. Finally, this paper seeks, partially at least, to assess in terms of the ANT approach taken, the visions of transformation propounded by the New Age movement.  相似文献   

Geochronology and petrogenesis of Pan-African, syn-tectonic, S-type and post-tectonic A-type granite (Namibia): products of melting of crustal sources, fractional crystallization and wall rock entrainment   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

S. Jung  S. Hoernes  K. Mezger 《Lithos》2000,50(4):15-287

The Oetmoed Granite–Migmatite Complex (OGMC), Central Damara Orogen, Namibia, consists mainly of 526 to 516 Ma garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite and subordinate 488 to 494 Ma hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite in the form of planar sheets and dykes. Additionally, a slightly elongated granite body occurs in the center of the complex. The garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite has major- and trace-element characteristics of S-type granite but the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite has higher HFSE and REE contents similar to A-type granite. Whereas the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite contains numerous restitic xenoliths, the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite is xenolith-free. The country rocks are cordierite–sillimanite–K-feldspar–garnet-bearing metasedimentary rocks and migmatite. Cordierite- and garnet-rich xenoliths in the S-type granite do not represent primary restite, their depleted chemical composition is best explained by varying and large degrees of partial melting of incorporated country rocks. Most chemical variations among the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite can be explained by processes linked with fractional crystallization of plagioclase, biotite and accessory phases, mostly monazite and zircon. Major and trace element data and high δ ¹⁸O values suggest that the least evolved members of the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite were derived from metapelitic rocks at ca. 800°C as inferred from monazite and apatite dissolution thermometry. Higher CaO and Na₂O but lower SiO₂ contents and lower Rb/Sr ratios as well as lower δ ¹⁸O values of the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite suggest that they are more likely generated by partial melting of non-pelitic sources (metagranitoids?) at temperatures in excess of 900°C. Decreasing TiO₂, Na₂O, FeO_tot., MgO, CaO, total REE content but increasing Al₂O₃ and K₂O indicate fractionation of mainly hornblende and titanite in the case of the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite. The differing compositions of the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite and the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite are attributed to different source rocks (metapelite instead of metagranitoid) and different temperatures during melting as inferred from accessory phase dissolution thermometry. Furthermore, significant entrainment of country rock in some samples played a major role during petrogenesis of the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite but was not important during the evolution of the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite. Intrusion of such hot, felsic magmas close to the inferred peak of metamorphism has probably caused, in part, the high temperature metamorphism and anatexis of the country rocks at relatively low pressures.  相似文献   

The Southern Urals. Decoupled evolution of the thrust belt and its foreland: a consequence of metamorphism and lithospheric weakening     

Eugene V. Artyushkov  Michael A. Baer  Peter A. Chekhovich  Nils-Axel Mrner 《Tectonophysics》2000,320(3-4):271-310

An analysis is presented of the mechanisms of tectonic evolution of the southern part of the Urals between 48N and 60N in the Carboniferous–Triassic. A low tectonic activity was typical of the area in the Early Carboniferous — after closure of the Uralian ocean in the Late Devonian. A nappe, ≥10–15 km thick, overrode a shallow-water shelf on the margin of the East European platform in the early Late Carboniferous. It is commonly supposed that strong shortening and thickening of continental crust result in mountain building. However, no high mountains were formed, and the nappe surface reached the altitude of only ≤0.5 km. No high topography was formed after another collisional events at the end of the Late Carboniferous, in the second half of the Early Permian, and at the start of the Middle Triassic. A low magnitude of the crustal uplift in the regions of collision indicates a synchronous density increase from rapid metamorphism in mafic rocks in the lower crust. This required infiltration of volatiles from the asthenosphere as a catalyst. A layer of dense mafic rocks, 20 km thick, still exists at the base of the Uralian crust. It maintains the crust, up to 60 km thick, at a mean altitude 0.5 km. The mountains, 1.5 km high, were formed in the Late Permian and Early Triassic when there was no collision. Their moderate height precluded asthenospheric upwelling to the base of the crust, which at that time was 65–70 km thick. The mountains could be formed due to delamination of the lower part of mantle root with blocks of dense eclogite and/or retrogression in a presence of fluids of eclogites in the lower crust into less dense facies.

The formation of foreland basins is commonly attributed to deflection of the elastic lithosphere under surface and subsurface loads in thrust belts. Most of tectonic subsidence on the Uralian foreland occurred in a form of short impulses, a few million years long each. They took place at the beginning and at the end of the Late Carboniferous, and in the Late Permian. Rapid crustal subsidence occurred when there was no collision in the Urals. Furthermore, the basin deepened away from thrust belt. These features preclude deflection of the elastic lithosphere as a subsidence mechanism. To ensure the subsidence, a rapid density increase was necessary. It took place due to metamorphism in the lower crust under infiltration of volatiles.

The absence of flexural reaction on the Uralian foreland on collision in thrust belt together with narrow-wavelength basement deformations under the nappe indicate a high degree of weakening of the lithosphere. Such deformations took also place on the Uralian foreland at the epochs of rapid subsidences when there was no collision in thrust belt. Weakening of the lithosphere can be explained by infiltration of volatiles into this layer from the asthenosphere and rapid metamorphism in the mafic lower crust. Lithospheric weakening allowed the formation of the Uralian thrust belt under convergent motions of the plates which were separated by weak areas.  相似文献   

六盘山东麓朝那剖面红粘土-年代及其构造意义   总被引：34，自引：8，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文

宋友桂  方小敏  李吉均  安芷生  杨东  吕连清 《第四纪研究》2000,20(5):457-463

黄土高原地区黄土之下的红粘土的年代和形成可为六盘山隆起、鄂尔多斯夷平面解 体以及青藏高原隆升等构造事件提供重要证据。六盘山东麓厚达303m的朝那黄土-红粘土剖面的磁性年代地层学表明：朝那红粘土开始堆积于8．1MaB．P．,是目前黄土高原上发现的最老的红粘土。8.1MaB.P．前后一次强烈构造运动使得鄂尔多斯夷平面解体,相对下沉地区接受红粘土沉积,六盘山地区开始隆起,这可能与青藏高原强烈的构造抬升事件有关。  相似文献   

利用ITRF速度场计算中国大陆与周围板块的现今三维相对运动     

章传银  常晓涛 《地学前缘》2000,7(1):153-159

利用几何大地测量监测数据考察某一岩石圈板块或块体的运动 ,目前的主要方法是选择某一相对稳定点或直接选择地固参考系作为运动参考系 ,计算被考察的板块或块体相对于该相对稳定点的运动或在地固参考系中的运动。显然 ,这种计算结果无法全面直观地表达被考察板块或块体的内部相对运动 ,以及周围板块或块体相对于被考察板块或块体的运动。文中首次尝试了直接选择被考察板块或块体即欧亚板块东南部块体作为参考块体 ,利用一种高精度的几何大地测量监测数据 ,即国际地球参考框架 (ITRF)速度场计算了欧亚板块东南部块体在ITRF参考系中的线性运动模型 ,从而建立了欧亚板块东南部块体的块体参考系 ,并在该块体参考系中计算欧亚板块东南部块体内部及周围板块现今三维相对运动 ,进而分析中国大陆及周围板块的现今相对运动规律 ,以及板块边界处板块的现今相对运动规律。  相似文献   

Mass Movement and Landslide Hazard, Murree Area, North Pakistan     

Iftikhar Ahmed Abbasi  M. Asif Khan  Shams ul Hadi 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

MASS MOVEMENT AND LANDSLIDE HAZARD, MURREE AREA, NORTH PAKISTAN  相似文献   

斜坡破坏后滑体的运动学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

董孝璧  王兰生 《地质灾害与环境保护》2000,11(1):31-37

提出和介绍在某些复杂条件下的滑坡运动计算公式 ,分析滑体变质量运动、变滑面坡角等因素对滑坡运动的影响 ,提出滑坡的运动特征参数的确定和应用。研究结果对滑坡灾害的调查、研究、预测评价有着重要的理论和实际意义  相似文献   

考虑时程竖向加速度的Newmark滑块位移法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李红军  迟世春  钟红  林皋 《岩土力学》2007,28(11):2385-2390

利用改进的Newmark滑块位移法,采用时程竖向加速度计算屈服角加速度,运用拟静力极限平衡分析和地震动力反应分析计算土工结构地震永久变形。算例计算结果表明,屈服角加速度计算采用时程竖向加速度得到的滑动位移位于竖向加速度假定恒定向上或向下之间。适当改变筑坝土石料的动力刚度,研究了滑动体位移关于动力刚度的敏感性,为土工建筑物的抗震设计提供依据。  相似文献   

粗粒土组构之颗粒运动研究     

程展林  吴良平  丁红顺 《岩土力学》2007,28(Z1):29-33

土的结构性是决定土的力学特性的一个最根本的因素,正是由于土的结构性的存在,连续体力学理论用于岩土材料存在明显不足,沈珠江将土体结构性的研究提到“21世纪土力学的核心问题”的高度,但由于土的结构性的复杂性,缺乏测试方法,还没有找到土结构性的定量指标。选择结构特征相对简单的粗粒土作为研究对象,探索建立其力学体系的方法和途径。粗粒土的结构性（称之为组构）主要体现在颗粒的排列特征方面,采用CT测试技术和DDA数值分析方法初步解决了粗粒土组构的量化问题,对粗粒土多种受力过程进行了CT三轴试验和数值模拟,取得了粗粒土的组构信息及其变化,为构成合理的组构量、研究粗粒土组构量与宏观力学响应之间的相互关系、探讨粗粒土的变形机理和力学特征奠定了基础,并侧重介绍粗粒土CT三轴试验成果,展示三轴试验过程中颗粒运动规律。  相似文献