硬填料坝应力计算方法探讨与特性分析     

吴梦喜  孙宁 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):229-236

通过对一个100 m高典型硬填料坝的应力变形分析,指出坝体填筑过程和硬填料随龄期和应力状态变化的应力-应变特征的模拟对坝体应力变形结果影响显著不容忽略。采用二元本构模型和仿真计算方式,研究了地基弹性模量对坝体应力和强度安全性的影响。地基的变形对坝体应力有显著的影响。地基弹模较低时与较刚性地基的坝体应力情况差异很大。地基弹模较低时,竣工期坝基面中部的拉应力和坝址与坝踵处的压应力都很大,可能并不满足抗拉和抗压强度。与竣工期相比,挡水期坝基面的压应力增加,拉应力减小,抗压强度安全性减小,抗拉强度安全性增加。对于硬填料坝,竣工期和挡水期的抗剪强度安全系数均很高,一般可不进行抗剪强度的计算。  相似文献   

Modeling patch characteristics of farmland loss for site assessment in urban fringe of Beijing, China     

LIU Xiaona  ZHANG Weiwei  LI Hong  SUN Danfeng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(3):365-377

Farmland protection and delimitation in the urban fringe considers not only natural factors but also the spatial characters and site factors. Taking Daxing District, Beijing in China as a case study, this paper used landscape ecology and power-law methods to analyze and evaluate farmland loss during the period of 2004-2007 based on the interpretation results of SPOT5 remote sensing images in 2004 and 2007. At the patch level, we selected four landscape indices, namely patch size, shape index, the nearest neighbor distance between farmland and construction land (including residential land and other construction land), and cropping type, to evaluate the risk of farmland loss and establish a farmland site analysis indicator system. The results showed that patch size and shape index have a significant positive correlation with farmland loss, whereas the distance to construction land has a clear negative correlation with farmland loss. As regards cropping type, fallow farmland is much easier for non-agricultural use than cultivated farmland. The relative transition ratio among vegetable land, fallow farmland and cultivated farmland is 1︰5.6︰1. The patch size of lost farmland follows a power-law distribution, indicating that not only small parcels but also large parcels can be lost. Patch size less than 4 ha or more than 15 ha is in high loss risk, between 4 ha and 10 ha in medium loss risk, and larger than 10 ha and less than 15 ha in low risk. Farmland with a more regular shape has a higher likelihood of loss. Patch shape index less than 2.0 is in high loss risk, between 2.0 and 3.0 in medium loss risk, and larger than 3.0 in low risk. Construction land has a varying impact on farmland loss, the residential land effected distance is 1000 m, and that of the other construction land is 2000 m. This analysis showed the relationships between site factors and farmland loss, and the analysis framework can provide support and reference for farmland protection and delimitation of prime farmland in China.  相似文献   

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田亮  段金梅  王强  赵亚平  乔亚明 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(1):78-80

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鄢子平  张庆涛  李振洪  丁学智 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(4):117-119

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汶川地震中宝珠寺重力坝地震响应的三维有限元模拟   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

徐艳杰  牟海磊  张楚汉  刘炳麟  凌宏业 《地球物理学报》2012,55(1):293-303

汶川地震中宝珠寺水电站遭受的地震烈度为8°(相当于水平峰值加速度0.2 g),远超过大坝的设计地震水平(0.1 g),震后大坝未见明显震损.为解释大坝在地震中的抗震现象,构建了坝址区三维模型.考虑坝体横缝非线性以及三个方向地震作用的不同组合方式,对汶川地震中大坝的动力响应进行有限元模拟.在此基础上,针对震后提高的抗震设防标准,进一步选取典型坝段,采用二维弹塑性方法对大坝进行抗震复核并分析可能的破坏模式.模拟结果表明:横河向地震分量起主导作用而顺河向地震作用相对较弱是宝珠寺重力坝在汶川地震中免于发生损坏的主要原因.坝顶混凝土发生挤压破碎缘于永久横缝在地震中高频渐开渐合行为引起的剧烈碰撞.宝珠寺重力坝对设计地震0.27 g的强震可以保持整体的安全性,对校核地震0.32 g的强震整体安全性降低,水库正常运行及抵抗余震的能力将受到影响.  相似文献   

An efficient approach for frequency-domain and time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of dam–reservoir systems     

Gao Lin  Yi Wang  Zhiqiang Hu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(13):1725-1749

An efficient procedure is developed for the hydrodynamic analysis of dam–reservoir systems. The governing equations of hydrodynamic pressure in the frequency as well as time domain are derived in the framework of the scaled boundary finite element method. The water compressibility and absorption of reservoir sediments can be conveniently taken into consideration. By extending the reservoir to infinity with uniform cross-section, only the dam–reservoir interface needs to be discretized to model the fluid domain, and the hydrodynamic pressure in the stream direction is solved analytically. Several numerical examples including a gravity dam with an inclined upstream face and an arch dam with a reservoir of arbitrary cross-section are provided to demonstrate the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of glaciation on the intensity of seismic ground motion     

Samuel T. McColl  Timothy R. H. Davies  Mauri J. McSaveney 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(12):1290-1301

Seismicity is known to contribute to landscape denudation through its role in earthquake‐triggered slope failure; but little is known about how the intensity of seismic ground motions, and therefore triggering of slope failures, may change through time. Topography influences the intensity of seismic shaking – generally steep slopes amplify shaking more than flatter slopes – and because glacial erosion typically steepens and enlarges slopes, glaciation may increase the intensity of seismic shaking of some landforms. However, the effect of this may be limited until after glaciers retreat because valley ice or ice‐caps may damp seismic ground motions. Two‐dimensional numerical models (FLAC 6.0) were used to explore how edifice shape, rock stiffness and various levels of ice inundation affect edifice shaking intensity. The modelling confirmed that earthquake shaking is enhanced with steeper topography and at ridge crests but it showed for the first time that total inundation by ice may reduce shaking intensity at hill crests to about 20–50% of that experienced when no ice is present. The effect is diminished to about 80–95% if glacier ice level reduces to half of the mountain slope height. In general, ice cover reduced shaking most for the steepest‐sided edifices, for wave frequencies higher than 3 Hz, and when ice was thickest and the rock had shear stiffness well in excess of the stiffness of ice. If rock stiffness is low and shear‐wave velocity is similar to that of ice, the presence of ice may amplify the shaking of rock protruding above the ice surface. The modelling supports the idea that topographic amplification of earthquake shaking increases as a result of glacial erosion and deglaciation. It is possible that the effect of this is sufficient to have influenced the distribution of post‐glacial slope failures in glaciated seismically active areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

淮河中游新石器时代遗址出土石器的演变所反映的人地关系——以双墩和尉迟寺遗址为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

朱光耀  朱诚  马春梅  王吉怀  阚绪杭  马彩霞 《地理研究》2008,27(1):193-200

本文以淮河中游新石器早期的双墩遗址和中晚期的尉迟寺遗址的出土石器为主线,辅以其他遗存和遗址地层剖面的环境磁学、元素地球化学证据,探讨了石器工具的演变所反映的人地关系。研究表明:双墩古人最主要的生产活动是砍伐树木和狩猎,而尉迟寺则是谷物生产和狩猎。双墩古人使用投掷和其他多种狩猎方式,在猎物充足的全新世大暖期获取了大量的肉食资源。尉迟寺时期狩猎水平虽有所提高,但剧烈波动的气候和迅速增加的人口,使猎获量下降。双墩时期人们砍伐的树木较为细小,木料之间的结合以捆绑为主。而尉迟寺时期人们砍伐的树木比较粗大,木器和房屋已使用卯榫结构。双墩时期已有了水稻种植,但采集农业占有较大比重。尉迟寺时期的农业以种植为主,采集农业为有益的补充,该时期的出土石器和农业类型与环境演变有明显的相关性。  相似文献   

小湾水电站坝肩不良地质体及工程处理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李开伟  萧峰  廖声林  贺宁强  李俊 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(5):44-47

小湾水电站为大（Ⅰ）型一等工程,其大坝类型为混凝土双曲拱坝。双曲拱坝由于传力特性,其对坝肩岩体的抗滑、抗剪要求较高,小湾水电站坝肩不良地质体较为发育,因此不良地质体边界的确定及力学参数的研究显得极为重要,在工程的实际处理中,针对坝肩不良地南体设计了洞塞置换和抗剪洞,坝肩洞塞的增设增加了坝肩的稳定,提高了坝肩的安全丰裕度。  相似文献   

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史     

朱诚  姜逢清  马春梅  徐伟峰  黄林燕  郑朝贵  李兰  孙智彬 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(3):328-340

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.  相似文献