北京地区中硬场地地震动效应研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕悦军  彭艳菊  施春花  兰景岩 《地震学刊》2011,(5):523-528

依据典型工程场地的地震安全性评价报告,研究北京地区中硬场地地震动效应。首先,统计分析了地震安全性评价结果中的场地地震动放大效应。再利用201个工程场地的钻孔资料进行土层地震反应计算,分析不同地震动输入下的场地地震动放大效应。结果表明,北京地区中硬场地地震动放大效应明显,得到的场地地震动峰值加速度转换系数Ka高于《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB18306-2001）中的值,大震水准下更为突出。因此,如在北京地区直接采用《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB18306-2001）中的调整系数,可能会低估北京地区中硬场地的地震动放大效应,降低抗震设防标准。最后指出,场地地震动峰值加速度转换系数明显具有区域性,应根据详细的场地地震动效应研究结果,合理地确定场地地震动转换系数。  相似文献   

地球物理技术在大坝抗震研究中的应用   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

苏克忠  常廷改 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(3):834-842

水工建筑物的场址和结构都十分复杂,涉及到坝址河谷地震动输入及坝体、库水、地基综合体系的动力相互作用和不同介质动态耦合等前沿课题.这些课题的解决有赖于多学科的配合.特别是地球物理学在水坝抗震中得到了广泛的应用.主要应用表现在为大坝抗震设计提供设计地震动参数、进行大坝的模型和原型抗震试验、大坝的强震安全监测、水库诱发地震等方面.  相似文献   

Comparison of the atmosphere above the South Pole, Dome C and Dome A: first attempt     

S. Hagelin  E. Masciadri  F. Lascaux  J. Stoesz 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(4):1499-1510

The atmospheric properties above three sites (Dome C, Dome A and the South Pole) on the Internal Antarctic Plateau are investigated for astronomical applications using the monthly median of the analyses from ECMWF (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). Radiosoundings extended on a yearly time-scale at the South Pole and Dome C are used to quantify the reliability of the ECMWF analyses in the free atmosphere as well as in the boundary and surface layers, and to characterize the median wind speed in the first 100 m above the two sites. Thermodynamic instability properties in the free atmosphere above the three sites are quantified with monthly median values of the Richardson number. We find that the probability to trigger thermodynamic instabilities above 100 m is smaller on the Internal Antarctic Plateau than on mid-latitude sites. In spite of the generally more stable atmospheric conditions of the Antarctic sites compared to mid-latitude sites, Dome C shows worse thermodynamic instability conditions than those predicted above the South Pole and Dome A above 100 m. A rank of the Antarctic sites done with respect to the strength of the wind speed in the free atmosphere (ECMWF analyses) as well as the wind shear in the surface layer (radiosoundings) is presented.  相似文献   

South Africa's coastal-breeding white-breasted cormorants: population trends,breeding season and movements,and diet     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):473-490

White-breasted cormorants Phalacrocorax [carbo] lucidus breed around South Africa's coast and at inland localities. Along the coasts of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces, numbers breeding were similar during the periods 1977–1981 (1 116 pairs at 41 localities) and 2008–2012 (1 280 pairs at 41 localities). Along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal (not counted in 1977–1981), 197 pairs bred at nine localities in 2008–2012, when the overall number breeding around South Africa's coastline was about 1 477 pairs. Between the two study periods, numbers decreased in the Northern and Western Cape provinces following the loss of several breeding localities, but they increased in the Eastern Cape. In the Western Cape, however, numbers were stable east of Cape Agulhas and at nine well-monitored West Coast localities that were surveyed from 1978 to 2012. White-breasted cormorants breed throughout the year, with breeding at some localities more seasonal than at others and the timing of peaks in breeding varying at and between localities. In the vicinity of Saldanha Bay/Langebaan Lagoon (Western Cape), in Algoa Bay (Eastern Cape) and in northern KwaZulu-Natal, it is likely that birds moved between breeding localities in different years, although breeding often occurred at the same locality over several years. Human disturbance, presence of predators, competition for breeding space and occurrence of breeding by other waterbirds may influence movements between colonies. Securing sufficient good habitat at which white-breasted cormorants may breed will be important for conservation of the species. The species may breed at an age of 4 years, possibly younger. The bulk of their diet around South Africa's coast consists of inshore marine and estuarine fish species that are not intensively exploited by humans.  相似文献   

2008年汶川地震重灾区的泥石流   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  

谢洪  钟敦伦  矫震  张金山 《山地学报》2009,27(4)

2008年,在"5·12"汶川地震后,随着降雨的发生,地震重灾区的中高山区较普遍地多次发生了泥石流灾害,尤其是对一些地震灾民安置点板房区造成了危害,累计造成人员伤亡(含失踪)达450余人,进一步加重了灾情.按照地震与泥石流暴发的时间顺序分类,区内的泥石流属后发型地震泥石流.其特征主要为:泥石流活动频率增高,暴发点多,规模大小不一,流体件质一般以粘性为主,密度值多在2.0-2.3t/m<'3>之间;泥石流的活动范嗣与降雨关系密切,活动范围还受地形因素控制,主要集中在龙门山等中高山区;泥石流危害形式有冲毁、淤埋、堵塞主河等多种形式.因此,在汶川地震重灾区这样的Ⅸ域选址恢复重建,实质上是在上程地质条件复杂的不稳定区内选择相对稳定的安全岛,町供选择的场地极为有限.故恢复重建居民点时应因地制宜,尤其是岷江等江河峡谷区等地的居民点重建,宜保持当地居民传统的分散、多点居住的特点,而不宜于搞成规模较大的集中成片的居民点.这样既有助于场址的安全,义可以避免大规模泥石流、滑坡、崩塌、山洪等山地火害发生时造成大量的人员伤亡.地震重灾区2008年的泥石流活动显示,龙门山及邻近的邛崃山等山区因汶川地震的影响,泥石流已进入强烈活动时期.其强烈活动时间,可能持续10～30 a,甚至更长.对此,要有足够的重视.在可能遭遇泥石流的区域开展的各种工程建设,一定要加强防范措施,防止泥石流危害.  相似文献   

Development of seismic force requirements for buildings in Taiwan     

Juin-Fu Chai  Tsung-Jen Teng  Keh-Chyuan Tsai 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(3):349-358

This paper describes static and dynamic procedures to calculate seismic demand specified by the current seismic design code for buildings in Taiwan,which was issued in 2005.For design levels with a return period of475 years,the design spectral response acceleration can be developed for general sites,near-fault sites and Taipei Basin.In addition,in order to prevent building collapse during extremely large earthquakes and yielding of structural components and elements during frequent small earthquakes,the ...  相似文献   

垃圾卫生填埋中的一些岩土工程技术   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

卢应发  陈朱蕾  谢文良  吕志中 《岩土力学》2009,30(1):91-98

垃圾卫生填埋是环境科学的重要研究内容,是一项综合性的研究课题。垃圾卫生填埋场高度和垃圾坝（或坑）深度的确定主要建立在岩土工程的稳定性理论基础上。在垃圾卫生填埋场中主要解决的防渗问题也是利用填埋场地质材料的渗透性质和现行的土工防渗技术,同时利用垃圾自身的物理力学特性解决填埋场排气等问题,而垃圾卫生填埋场的污水必须进行处理。从垃圾填埋场地质材料和垃圾自身的力学特性,结合某市垃圾卫生处理场实例对垃圾卫生填埋场中的一些岩土工程技术进行分析。  相似文献   

虚拟场地上杭州地铁隧洞开挖数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁伯阳  陶海冰 《岩土力学》2009,30(3):693-698

根据杭州市4 000多个综合钻孔资料,利用MapX组成的计算机虚拟场地,并在其上集成了ABAQUS等成熟的计算机软件,对正在建设的杭州市地铁1#线上任意处,在计算机上点击鼠标后,即进行隧洞、衬砌的应力、应变分析与地面沉降计算。由于分析、计算能随时随地地快速进行,故能同监理数据对照。对保证工程安全施工有较大的裨益。  相似文献   

改进的非线性徐变模型及其在混凝土坝施工期温度应力仿真分析中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘杏红  周伟  常晓林  周创兵 《岩土力学》2009,30(2):440-446

在目前的混凝土坝温度应力仿真计算分析中,一般采用弹性徐变模型考虑施工期混凝土徐变对温度应力的影响。当坝体内的温度应力比较小时,采用弹性徐变模型计算温度应力是可行的,但当坝体的温度应力超过相应龄期的抗拉强度一半时,混凝土的徐变变形不再与坝体的应力呈线性关系,而是呈现出剧烈的非线性变化趋势。温度应力与抗拉强度越接近,相应的非线性徐变变形越大。根据已有的混凝土徐变试验成果,提出了一个用于混凝土坝施工期温度应力仿真计算的混凝土非线性徐变模型,给出了相应的计算方法。算例表明,采用传统的弹性徐变模型与提出的非线性徐变模型计算的温度应力存在一定的差别,采用传统弹性徐变模型计算的温度应力偏大。  相似文献   

不同岩性渗滤液污染场地中污染物衰减的模拟     

刘莹莹  赵勇胜  刘鹏  董军  韩融  屈智慧  马百文  杨玲 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(1):137

选用细砂、粉砂、粘土和土壤为材料,通过4个系列的静态实验来研究不同岩性的垃圾渗滤液污染场地中pH、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、有机质及生物活性随时间的变化趋势及其相关性分析。实验结果表明,对于4种介质的pH而言,细砂>粉砂>粘土>土壤;对于NH₄-N、有机质和生物活性而言,均为土壤>粘土>粉砂>细砂;而对于NO₃-N而言,实验初期是土壤>粘土>粉砂>细砂,中期是细砂>粉砂>粘土>土壤,末期是土壤>细砂>粉砂>粘土。同时,综合4种介质中各指标的时间变化趋势利用SPSS进行相关性分析得到,在模拟垃圾渗滤液的污染场地中pH与有机质有很好的负相关性,相关系数为-0.649;有机质与生物活性有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.640;NH₄-N与生物活性有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.757。  相似文献