Magnetic domain structures and stray fields of individual elongated magnetite grains revealed by magnetic force microscopy (MFM)     

C. Frandsen  S.L.S. Stipp 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,141(2):121-129

In order to clarify the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic magnetic features of a rock, we applied magnetic force microscopy (MFM) as a local probe on a sample with an intense natural remanent magnetisation, a norite from Heskestad, Norway. We studied in detail seven magnetite (Fe₃O₄) exsolution lamellae, five of them were about 30 μm long and a few micrometers wide, two were significantly shorter; all were located in their natural host, a grain of clinopyroxene. By combining MFM images of surface magnetisation with information about shape observed with optical microscopy (OM), the internal domain structure was determined for individual grains. In general, the lamellae were pseudo-single-domain grains with open-flux domain magnetisations parallel to their long axes. The domain sizes were, in cross-section, on the order of a micrometer for the longer lamellae and about 300 nm for the short lamellae. By increasing the separation between the MFM probe and the exposed end of the lamellae, information could be obtained about the decrease in stray fields for the individual grains. Close to the lamellae, stray fields were significant even for grains with multiple domains. The largest fields were found above the largest domains. A separation of approximately one domain width was found to be a characteristic distance, where stray fields from adjacent domains begin to cancel one another.  相似文献   

Dynamic response of partially sealed circular tunnel in viscoelastic saturated soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kang-he Xie  Gan-bin Liu  Zu-yuan Shi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(12):1003-1011

Based on Biot's wave equation, dynamic response of a circular tunnel with partially sealed liner in viscoelastic saturated soil is investigated. By introducing two scalar potential functions, the analytical solutions of stresses, displacements and pore pressure induced by axisymmetric gradually applied step load are derived in Laplace transform domain. Numerical results are obtained by inverting Laplace transform presented by Durbin and used to analyze the influences of partial permeable property of boundary and viscoelastic damping coefficient of soil on dynamic response of the tunnel. It is shown that the attenuation of radial displacement appeared with the increase of viscoelastic damping coefficient of soil, and relative rigidity of liner and soil, and the influence of partial sealing property of boundary on stresses, displacements and pore pressure is remarkable. The available solutions of permeable and impermeable boundary conditions are only two extreme cases of this paper.  相似文献   

Seepage driving effect on deformations of San Fernando dams   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiang Song Li  Haiyan Ming   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(12):979-992

In the process of flow deformation of an earth dam, the seepage force inside the dam plays a role as a driving force. The seepage force acts just like the gravitational force in terms of pushing soils away from their original locations after liquefaction is triggered. This paper draws attention to this seepage driving effect by presenting a set of fully coupled finite element analyses on the well-known San Fernando dams, with the objective of evaluating the impact of this seepage effect. The results indicate that while this effect is always there, its practical significance depends on a number of factors. In the case of the upper San Fernando dam, which experienced a significant, but restricted, downstream movement during the 1971 earthquake, the seepage driving effect was indeed significant. On the contrary, for the lower dam, which failed and slid into the upstream reservoir during the same earthquake, this seepage effect was relatively less pronounced. The detailed results of the analyses reveal the likely mechanisms of failure and deformation of the two dams and the likely cause behind the difference between their responses during the earthquake.  相似文献   

考虑渗流力时对太沙基一维固结理论的修正   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

吴雄志 《岩土力学》2004,25(8):1279-1282

考虑渗流力的作用，对太沙基一维固结理论进行了修正，给出了向上及向下渗流时固结度的表达式，并分析了固结过程中渗流应力的变化规律。结果表明：渗流力对固结度的影响较大，特别是在时间因素Tv=0.1附近，是否考虑渗流力的影响将导致固结度的差值达30 %，因而渗流力对固结度的影响是不可忽略的。  相似文献   

Pressure State in Deep Crust and Formation Depth of UHP Metamorphic Rocks     

Lü Guxian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(2):135-144

INTRODUCTIONSincethediscoveryofeclogiteswithcoesiteanddia mondinclusionsrelatedtothecontinent continentcollision orogenyenvironment,theultrahigh pressuremetamorphism(UHPM )intheDabie Suluhasarousedgreatinterestinmanygeologists (Liouetal .,1994 ;Xuetal.,1992 ) .Experimentalstudieshaveprovedthatsuchmineralsasdia mond ,coesiteandomphaciteoccurredat 2 - 5GPa (andatthecorrespondingtemperatures) (Stevenetal.,1982 ;MirwaldandMasonne ,1980 ) .However,itdoesnotmeanthatthemetamorphicrockscanbe…  相似文献   

基于反算原理的滑坡推力简易估算     

蒋忠信 《岩土工程技术》2005,19(6):319-322

滑坡滑面的抗剪强度指标往往用反算法确定。分析表明,对已变形位移的滑坡,其推力可不反算滑面抗剪强度指标而直接按现状稳定系数和设计安全系数简易地估算,一般地,滑坡推力等于下滑分力乘以设计安全系数相对于现状稳定系数的提高比例值。进而讨论了其对不同设计工况、各种典型形状滑面的适用条件。这是一条估算滑坡推力的捷径。  相似文献   

CGD-1型大口径全套管冲击抓斗的设计和应用          下载免费PDF全文

冯起赠  宋志彬  王年友 《探矿工程》2005,32(6):38-40

CGD－1型大口径全套管冲击抓斗主要是配套全套管钻机施工而研制的。该抓斗主要适用于复杂地层的施工。介绍了该抓斗的技术参数、性能特点、主要结构及试验情况。  相似文献   

Modelling of the passive turning of a turret moored vessel in conditions of compact ice     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The concept of the offshore oil and gas field development using floating ship-shaped platforms, frequently named floating production units (FPU further), with turret mooring is widely used in the world, including regions with harsh environment. The direct transfer of this concept to the Arctic seas is not possible, mostly due to the difficulties of maintaining a weathervaning, or passive turning regime in heavy ice conditions. The main danger relates to the fact that the expected FPU rotation under the action of high ice loads can be accompanied by a translational displacement of the FPU away from the mooring point. As a result, the mooring system may reach an overloaded state until the FPU turns to a favourable position relative to the ice drift direction. In the paper, we are focused on the investigation of a mathematical model of the passive FPU turning on a spot under the assumption that the ice cover is described by a rigid-plastic continuum. The study is performed both analytically and by numerical simulations. A number of specific FPU motion patterns are analytically derived from the model in quasi-static approximation in the form of successive limit states of the system FPU – ice continuum. Some results of the corresponding numerical simulation are presented that confirm the existence of similar solutions in the full dynamic setting of the problem. A partial parametric analysis of the problem is also performed.  相似文献   

土体约束对海底管道整体屈曲的影响机理研究     

李成凤  刘润  彭碧瑶  王秀妍 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):56-63

高温高压下海底管道的整体屈曲稳定性分析是管道设计的重要组成部分,而选取多长的管道进行分析对其整体屈曲稳定性结果影响显著。依据临界管长将管道分为"长管"与"短管",基于动力显式分析方法,揭示了长管与短管在发生整体屈曲过程中,屈曲幅值与波长、管壁轴向压力、轴向应变及轴向位移的变化规律;研究了土体约束力影响管道临界长度的规律性,分析了土体约束力系数对长管与短管整体屈曲变形的影响。研究发现,土体约束力对短管的整体屈曲行为影响显著,短管的整体屈曲幅值随土体约束力系数的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。该项研究对区分不同长度管道的整体屈曲类型进而采取有效防控措施具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

木本植被覆盖岸坡上波浪爬升过程的数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐海珏  胡萍  白玉川  杨波 《海洋学报》2020,42(3):10-24

近岸木本植物构成的生态缓冲带作为新型的海岸软防护结构，兼具功能性和生态友好性，在沿海工程建设中愈发受到关注，如何深入开展其防护效果的机理研究是目前亟待解决的问题。本文采用数值模拟方法，在N-S方程中分别考虑树枝和树干的拖曳力影响，提出了木本植被作用下波浪沿斜坡爬升的表面波衰减的连续介质等效模型，并采用MAC法来跟踪自由曲面上的水颗粒轨迹。本文以波浪沿1/30的斜坡爬升为算例，对比讨论了有无植被作用下波浪的传播过程，并将算例结果与以往试验结果规律进行对照，验证了数值模型的有效性。最后，分别讨论了植物枝干的高度、密度、树枝倾斜角度等植被特性和波浪因素对植被消浪效果的影响，得到植被消浪的基本规律。文中的计算结果也可为实际的护岸工程和生态景观设计提供参考。  相似文献