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101.
通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征,探讨其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。对晋城矿区实地观测,并采集一定量的标本,通过显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等研究,发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石主要向伊利石转化,并有伊利石-蒙脱石(I/M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。煤的变质程度升高、夹矸矿物转化的主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质条件的影响。 相似文献
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Coupled inverse modelling of groundwater flow and mass transport and the worth of concentration data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen Jaime Gómez-Hernández Andrés Sahuquillo 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,281(4):281-295
This paper presents the extension of the self-calibrating method to the coupled inverse modelling of groundwater flow and mass transport. The method generates equally likely solutions to the inverse problem that display the variability as observed in the field and are not affected by a linearisation of the state equations. Conditioning to the state variables is measured by an objective function including, among others, the mismatch between the simulated and measured concentrations. Conditioning is achieved by minimising the objective function by gradient-based methods. The gradient contains the partial derivatives of the objective function with respect to: log conductivities, log storativities, prescribed heads at boundaries, retardation coefficients and mass sources. The derivatives of the objective function with respect to log conductivity are the most cumbersome and need the most CPU-time to be evaluated. For this reason, to compute this derivative only advective transport is considered. The gradient is calculated by the adjoint-state method. The method is demonstrated in a controlled, synthetic study, in which the worth of concentration data is analysed. It is shown that concentration data are essential to improve transport predictions and also help to improve aquifer characterisation and flow predictions, especially in the upstream part of the aquifer, even in the case that a considerable amount of other experimental data like conductivities and heads are available. Besides, conditioning to concentration data reduces the ensemble variances of estimated transmissivity, hydraulic head and concentration. 相似文献
105.
Nature can provide analogues for post‐mining landscapes in terms of landscape stability and also in terms of the rehabilitated structure ‘blending in’ with the surrounding undisturbed landscape. In soil‐mantled landscapes, hillslopes typically have a characteristic pro?le that has a convex upper hillslope pro?le with a concave pro?le lower down the slope. In this paper hillslope characteristic form is derived using the area–slope relationship from pre‐mining topography at two sites in Western Australia. Using this relationship, concave hillslope pro?les are constructed and compared to linear hillslopes in terms of sediment loss using the SIBERIA erosion model. It is found that concave hillslopes can reduce sediment loss by up to ?ve times that of linear slopes. Concave slopes can therefore provide an alternative method for the construction of post‐mining landscapes. An understanding of landscape geomorphological properties and the use of erosion models can greatly assist in the design of post‐mining landscapes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
结合江门市GIS工程建设中采用Epscan2.1进行地形图扫描矢量化的具体实践,对矢量化数据处理的几个突出问题作了阐述,提出了具体的解决思路与实现方法。 相似文献
107.
从激光扫描数据中进行建筑物特征提取研究 总被引:42,自引:4,他引:42
提出了一套基于建筑物几何特征的信息挖掘方案,并具体介绍了研究中采用的一些原理、方法与实用算法,从而可以直接从激光扫描数据中提取建筑物的平面外轮廓信息。利用本方案对车载激光扫描系统获取的城市建筑物试验数据进行了具体的处理,并给出了三维建模和可视化表达结果。 相似文献
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为了保障顺利建设上海市地下管线数据库.需要对现存的地下管线的源数据进行一些技术处理,以满足数据入库的要求。本文主要个绍:笔者在从事地下管线源数据处理工作中,碰到的现存的上海市地下管线源数据对于建设上海市地下管线数据库所存在的一些问题:以及笔者利用Autodesk公司的AutoCAD二次开发工具开发的应用程序来处理这些问题的方法。 相似文献
110.
Mine development along a 15-mile (24 km) section of the Warfield Fault in Mingo County, West Virginia has broadened the geological understanding of the fault and its related structures. The fault has been exposed in two new road cuts, one in the northeast-trending segment at Neely Branch and one in the eastern east-trending segment at the head of Marrowbone Creek. Both exposures show a well-defined normal fault with a 45° to 55° N dip, juxtaposing sandstone/shale packages from the roof and the floor of the Coalburg seam. The fault is associated with a thin gouge zone, some drag folding, and parallel jointing. Its trace tends to run parallel to the crest of the adjacent Warfield Anticline. Based on underground mine development and detailed core drilling, the vertical offset along the fault plane ranges from a maximum of 240 ft (73 m) in the central part of the area near the structural bend to less than 100 ft (30 m) in western and eastern directions. The fault is located along the relatively steeply dipping (locally in excess of 25%) southern limb of the Warfield Anticline, and appears related to a late phase of extension involving folded Pennsylvanian strata. On a regional scale, the lithological variations across the fault do not suggest any appreciable strike-slip component.Underground room and pillar mines in the Coalburg seam north and south of the fault have been greatly impacted by the Warfield structures. Due to the combined (and opposite) effects of the folding and faulting, the northern mines are located up to 400 ft (125 m) higher in elevation than the southern ones. Overland conveyor belts connect mining blocks separated by the fault. The practical mining limit along the steep slopes toward the fault is around 15%. Subsidiary normal faults with offsets in the 5- to 15-ft (1.5–4.5 m) range are fairly common and form major roof control and production hurdles. Overall, the Warfield structures pose an extra challenge to mine development in this part of the Appalachian Coalfields. 相似文献