相关性的组合预测模型在开采沉陷中的应用     

王金涛  郭广礼  郭庆彪  赵自强  徐孟强  郭凯凯 《测绘科学》2017,42(10)

针对当前开采沉陷不同阶段的单点沉陷变形预计精度不高的问题,该文首次从基于相关性的组合预测模型的思想出发,建立了面向沉陷不同阶段的基于相关系数的组合预测模型。实例验证结果表明,基于相关系数的组合预测模型在开采沉陷预测中的应用克服了单一模型的局限性,能够有效利用不同单一模型的信息,有较高的精度和可信度;能够满足不同阶段的开采沉陷预测,更适用于对沉陷变形数据要求高的场合。  相似文献   

一种矢量线数据零水印算法     

李文德  闫浩文  王中辉  张黎明  禄小敏 《测绘科学》2017,42(3)

为了满足矢量地理空间数据高精度和零扰动的实用性需要,该文提出一种零水印算法。首先利用Logistic混沌映射置乱原始水印图像;然后对原始矢量线数据进行离散傅里叶变换,获得离散傅里叶变换后的相位值,并将相位值由弧度值转换为角度值;接着随机选取均匀分布的角度值,向下取整后转换为相应的二进制形式,得到二值矩阵;最后将置乱后的水印图像与由相位值构成的二值矩阵进行异或操作,从而构造出零水印图像。实验结果表明,该算法能够抵抗常见的平移、缩放等几何攻击,并且对数据格式转换攻击、投影变换攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

公路采动区裂缝快速获取及精度分析     

江超  查剑锋  黄帅 《测绘科学》2017,42(6)

采动区公路路面裂缝引发公路产生松散剥落、唧浆、缓慢沉降等病害,危及公路的正常运营,需要对裂缝长度和宽度信息进行监测。针对传统的公路路面裂缝测量获取方法劳动强度大、成本高、效率低等缺点,该文设计使用手机相机采集裂缝图像,使用图像处理技术对图像进行增强和除噪、阈值分割,结合尺度基准提取裂缝的长度和宽度信息。运用该方法对采动区公路路面裂缝进行快速获取,实验结果表明:路面裂缝长度计算的相对中误差不超过7.6%;宽度的计算值与实测的宽度相比,其相对误差在8.1%以内,证明该方法检测出的裂缝的长度和宽度具有较高的准确度,能够高效地获得路面裂缝的信息。  相似文献   

视频数据的地理信息提取研究     

李伟  景海涛  原世伟  曹丹  刘洋洋  万娜 《测绘科学》2017,42(11)

针对视频数据虽然能高效、逼真、详细地展现地理信息,但是因不具备地理框架而不能直接与GIS结合,参与空间分析的问题,该文通过多次真实环境条件下的尝试性实验,探索出一种从视频中提取地理信息的方案:采用运动目标检测技术自动识别出视频帧中实体的轮廓;通过半自动的处理清除提取数据的干扰轮廓;借助数据变换技术为视频帧及其提取的数据赋予准确的地理框架。基于真实环境的实验结果表明:该方案不仅可以有效地提取视频中的地理信息参与空间分析,还能够实现其空间分析结果的多视角可视化。本研究针对视频与GIS结合问题做出初步探索,为视频GIS的深层次研究提供帮助。  相似文献   

Diverging Discourses on Bauxite Mining in Eastern India: Life-Supporting Hills for Adivasis or National Treasure Chests on Barren Lands?     

Patrik Oskarsson 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(8):994-1008

This article identifies the two dominant discourses that attempt to explain socioenvironmental change from bauxite mining in Eastern India and compares them to empirical material from three proposed mining locations. The anti-mining “life-giving hills” discourse understands the bauxite-bearing hills as an essential part of a wider ecosystem that supports sustainable, indigenous communities. The pro-mining “treasure chest” discourse, on the other hand, sees barren, uninhabited hilltops with rich ore deposits possible to extract for the benefit of the nation without harming nearby forests or communities. It is found that both discourses hold universalizing aspirations not backed up by available evidence. The technical rationality of mining proponents create sweeping generalizations resulting in unmitigated socio-environmental change, while the eco-romanticist opposition fails to see how communities and environments are differentially affected by mining. Two untenable discourses at present underpin seemingly intractable conflict without addressing wider resource politics dominated by political and business elites.  相似文献   

Mining online footprints to predict user’s next location     

Qunying Huang 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(3):523-541

Social media applications are widely deployed in mobile platforms equipped with built-in GPS tracking devices, and these devices have led to an unprecedented collection of geolocated data (geo-tags). Geo-tags, along with place names, offer new opportunities to explore the trajectory and mobility patterns of social media users. However, trajectory data captured by social media are sparsely and irregularly spaced and therefore have varying degrees of resolution in both space and time. Previous studies on next location prediction are mostly applicable for detecting the upcoming location of a moving object using dense GPS trajectories where locations are recorded at regular time intervals (e.g., 1 minute). Additionally, point features are commonly used to represent the locations of visits, but using point features cannot capture the variability of human mobility. This article introduces a new methodology to predict an individual’s next location based on sparse footprints accumulated over a long time period using social networks, and uses polygons to represent the location corresponding to the physical activity area of individuals. First, the density-based spatial clustering algorithm is employed to discover the most representative activity zones that an individual frequently visits on a daily basis, and a polygon-based region is then derived for each representative activity zone. A sparse mobility Markov chain model considering both the movements and online behaviors of the social media user is trained and used to predict the user’s next location. Initial experiments with a group of Washington DC Twitter users demonstrate that the proposed methodology successfully discovers the activity regions and predicts the user’s next location with accuracy approaching 78.94%.  相似文献   

Extracting and analyzing semantic relatedness between cities using news articles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yingjie Hu  Xinyue Ye  Shih-Lung Shaw 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(12):2427-2451

News articles capture a variety of topics about our society. They reflect not only the socioeconomic activities that happened in our physical world, but also some of the cultures, human interests, and public concerns that exist only in the perceptions of people. Cities are frequently mentioned in news articles, and two or more cities may co-occur in the same article. Such co-occurrence often suggests certain relatedness between the mentioned cities, and the relatedness may be under different topics depending on the contents of the news articles. We consider the relatedness under different topics as semantic relatedness. By reading news articles, one can grasp the general semantic relatedness between cities; yet, given hundreds of thousands of news articles, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for anyone to manually read them. This paper proposes a computational framework which can ‘read’ a large number of news articles and extract the semantic relatedness between cities. This framework is based on a natural language processing model and employs a machine learning process to identify the main topics of news articles. We describe the overall structure of this framework and its individual modules, and then apply it to an experimental dataset with more than 500,000 news articles covering the top 100 US cities spanning a 10-year period. We perform exploratory visualizations of the extracted semantic relatedness under different topics and over multiple years. We also analyze the impact of geographic distance on semantic relatedness and find varied distance decay effects. The proposed framework can be used to support large-scale content analysis in city network research.  相似文献   

基于大数据的文化遗产认知分析方法——以北京旧城中轴线为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨微石  郭旦怀  逯燕玲  王德强  朱映秋  张宝秀 《地理科学进展》2017,36(9):1111-1118

以北京旧城中轴文化遗产为例,利用2012、2015年的相关微博、报刊新闻、学术文献数据,通过提取关键词,抽取词频、tf-idf权重、互信息、后验概率等特征,从群体、时间、空间多个维度分析文化遗产的认知。在人群维度上,通过具有特征性人群的传媒信息,发现不同人群对文化遗产的认识存在异同：对于中轴文化遗产核心单元故宫、天安门、天坛的认知相对一致,而对于钟楼鼓楼、太庙、地安门的认识,官方偏向于行政管理,学者偏向于历史价值,大众则偏向于生活化。在时间维度上,提取文化遗产关注程度和认知变化。如相对于2015年,大众对故宫、天安门的关注程度相对提高,对太庙的历史价值认识更为丰富。大众相对于官方和学者对文化遗产的认知更容易发生变化,且对热点事件敏感。在空间维度上,挖掘文化遗产单元之间的认知转移和关联模式,一方面,空间上相连的天安门—正阳门—正阳门大街具有较高的双向认知;另一方面,中轴文化遗产中,故宫、天安门、天坛的后验概率较高,表现出跨空间的认知汇聚模式。基于大数据的认知分析方法,是问卷调查、文献调研、访谈分析等传统方法的重要补充方式,能够降低数据收集者的主观影响,增加分析维度和效率,有助于发现隐含的知识和模式。本文结论可为文化遗产价值挖掘、保护提供决策支持。  相似文献   

中国l地壳运动观测网络首期观测数据处理   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

孟国杰  赵承坤  顾国华  牛红叶  郑贵明  孙淑英 《地震》2001,21(1):63-68

介绍了中国地壳运动观测网络的布设、基准站和基本站首期观测情况。利用GAMIT和GLOBK软件对首期观测数据进行了处理，计算结果归算到ITRF97框架上。单天整体解结果表明：基线重复性NS向分量为2.28+0.87×10-9×S，EW向分量为3.67+0.82×10-9×S，高程分量为6.84+1.29×10-9×S(S为GPS站间距离，以mm为单位)。对基准网和基本网的整体平差结果表明：点位精度水平分量为2～3 mm，高程分量为3～5 mm，基准网和基本网首期观测达到了设计要求。  相似文献   

核磁共振测井在天然气勘探中的应用   总被引：3，自引：8，他引：3  

宁从前  谭廷栋  李宁 《地球物理学进展》2001,16(2):42-49

核磁共振测井不仅能够测得孔隙度、渗透率等岩石物理信息，为储层评价提供科学依据，而且通过采用适当的探测手段和数据处理方法，可以探测到地层中天然气的信息，并能给出储层含气饱和度，而成为天然气勘探的一个重要方法，本文论述了核磁共振测井探测天然气的基本原理和数据处理方法，并对几个实例作了分析。  相似文献