Short-wavelength infrared (1.3-2.6 μm) observations of the nucleus of Comet 19P/Borrelly     

L.A Soderblom  D.T Britt  B.J Buratti  T.C Owen 《Icarus》2004,167(1):100-112

During the last two minutes before closest approach of Deep Space 1 to Comet 19P/Borrelly, a long exposure was made with the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imaging spectrometer. The observation yielded 46 spectra covering 1.3-2.6 μm; the footprint of each spectrum was ∼160 m × width of the nucleus. Borrelly's highly variegated and extremely dark 8-km-long nucleus exhibits a strong red slope in its short-wavelength infrared reflection spectrum. This slope is equivalent to J-K and H-K colors of ∼0.82 and ∼0.43, respectively. Between 2.3-2.6 μm thermal emission is clearly detectable in most of the spectra. These data show the nucleus surface to be hot and dry; no trace of H₂O ice was detected. The surface temperature ranged continuously across the nucleus from ?300 K near the terminator to a maximum of ∼340 K, the expected sub-solar equilibrium temperature for a slowly rotating body. A single absorption band at ∼2.39 μm is quite evident in all of the spectra and resembles features seen in nitrogen-bearing organic molecules that are reasonable candidates for compositional components of cometary nuclei. However as of yet the source of this band is unknown.  相似文献   

利用InSAR和GPS形变数据反演断层深部滑动的敏感性分析     

雍琦  高二涛  余杭洺  兰艳萍 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(1):59-64

为探究InSAR和GPS形变数据对断层深部滑动的敏感性,分别模拟走滑断层、正断层和逆冲断层在不同深度的滑动分布模型,并基于不同精度的InSAR和GPS形变数据反演了3类断层在不同深度位置的滑移分布。对3类断层的结果进行对比分析发现,实验得到的结论具有较好的一致性。结果表明,在相同深度时,基于高精度InSAR和GPS形变数据反演的深部滑动残差较小,而基于常规精度InSAR数据反演结果的残差较大;随着深度的增加,反演深部滑动的探测性呈逐步下降的趋势,其中基于高精度InSAR和GPS数据的滑动探测性高于基于常规精度InSAR的滑动探测性。当InSAR和GPS数据精度相同时,维度对断层深部滑动的探测性有一定影响。  相似文献   

川滇菱形块体东边界现今应变积累特征及强震危险性     

刘辛中  张风霜  马伶俐  李腊月 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(7):687-693

基于川滇地区2013~2018年GNSS速度场结果,解算区域地表应变率场,分析川滇菱形块体东边界现今地表应变特征,反演其断层闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布,并重点分析芦山地震后该区域的深部应变积累程度。结合已有历史地震破裂及断层库仑应力结果,综合分析芦山地震后川滇菱形块体东边界不同段的强震危险性。结果表明,川滇菱形块体东边界现今呈现出明显的左旋应变积累特征,三岔口地区剪切应变积累速率最大,最大量值为3.5×10^-8/a;同时,川滇菱形块体东边界还表现出NS-NE向的拉张和近EW-NW向的挤压变形,康定-石棉段EW向挤压应变率最高,为-3×10^-8/a;安宁河-则木河断裂带EW向挤压应变率为-2×10^-8/a ~ -3×10^-8/a,而小江断裂带由北至南挤压变形逐渐减缓,东川以南转为拉张变形;断层闭锁反演结果与GNSS应变率结果具有较好的一致性,同样反映出川滇菱形块体东边界左旋剪切应变兼局部挤压或拉张的应变积累特征。综合分析认为,鲜水河断裂带道孚-八美段、康定以南的磨西至安宁河断裂带及小江断裂带的巧家-东川段、宜良-建水段具有较高的闭锁程度和左旋滑动亏损速率,是强震危险性较高的段落。  相似文献   

甘肃平凉地电比测台站建设及地电阻率数据分析     

赵斐  叶青  杨晓鹏  牛延平  张远富 《中国地震》2022,38(1):142-152

简要介绍了平凉地电比测台站的场地环境,阐述了比测装置系统和观测室的建设过程,并对其性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,建成的装置系统运行稳定,产出数据真实可靠;观测室的改建充分利用了现有基础设施,注重功能划分、防雷接地、综合布线等设计,可以满足地电比测的需求。最后,以ZD8M型地电阻率仪为例,对定型比测结果进行了分析,结果进一步说明甘肃平凉地电比测台站的各项指标均符合相关技术规范。  相似文献   

The build-up of the laboratory-generated dose-response curve and underestimation of equivalent dose for quartz OSL in the high dose region: A critical modelling study     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The application of a regeneration procedure for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating requires that the dose-response curve (DRC) of a natural sample is the same as that of a laboratory-generated one. However, the build-up of the laboratory-generated DRCs of quartz has been widely reported in the literature, i.e., the laboratory-generated DRCs are significantly higher than the natural counterparts in the high dose region (above 150 or 200 Gy). This results in severe underestimation of equivalent dose (D_e) for quartz OSL in the high dose region during the application of a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. However, the potential mechanism governing the build-up of the laboratory-generated DRC is still unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the natural and laboratory-generated OSL signals and DRCs using a kinetic model for quartz. We compared the differences in charge concentrations between natural and laboratory-irradiated aliquots following irradiation and monitored the competition for holes and electrons during preheat and stimulation, for the natural, regenerative, and test dose cycles. In the course of the modelling, we could see the build-up of laboratory-generated DRCs, the underestimation of D_e, and a double exponential saturation characteristic of the DRCs. We demonstrated a discrepancy in competition for electrons in the deep electron trap and recombination centres during stimulation between the natural, regenerative, and test dose cycles. The simulation results are directly relevant to quartz OSL D_e determination using the SAR protocol and reveal the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed different behaviours between natural and laboratory-generated DRCs.  相似文献   

基于D—InSAR的九寨沟地震同震形变场反演分析     

赵强  杨国东  张旭晴  邵鹏 《世界地质》2018,37(3):938-944

利用覆盖九寨沟地区的RadarSat—2数据与Sentinel—1A数据,采用精轨数据进行定轨,消除轨道误差,并结合合成孔径差分(D-InSAR)方法中的双轨差分技术,获取2017年8月8日Mw7. 0级地震的同震形变场。结果表明,视线方向(LOS)最大沉降量约为20 cm,隆起量达9 cm。基于弹性半空间形变模型反演该地震的断层滑动分布,得出该地震断层滑动以左旋走滑为主,走向为330°,倾角为32°,滑动角为-170°,同震滑动分布主要集中在4～12 km深度处,最大滑动量位于9 km处,约为6. 14 m,平均滑动量为0. 57 m。反演获得的地震标量矩为4. 06E+18N·m,震级Mw约为6. 4,深度为19. 5 km。  相似文献   

地质领域机器学习、深度学习及实现语言   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

周永章  王俊  左仁广  肖凡  沈文杰  王树功 《岩石学报》2018,34(11):3173-3178

地质大数据正在以指数形式增长。只有发展智能数据处理方法才有可能追上大数据的超常增长。机器学习是人工智能的核心,是使计算机具有智能的根本途径。机器学习已成为地质大数据研究的前沿热点,它将让地质大数据插上翅膀,并因此改变地质。机器学习是一个源于数据的模型的训练过程,最终给出一个面向某种性能度量的决策。深度学习是机器学习研究中的一个重要子类,它通过构建具有很多隐层的机器学习模型和海量的训练数据,来学习更有用的特征,从而最终提升分类或预测的准确性。卷积神经网络算法是最为常用的一种深度学习算法之一,它广泛用于图像识别和语音分析等。Python语言在科学领域的地位占据着越来越重要。其下的Scikit-Learn是一个机器学习相关的库,提供有数据预处理、分类、回归、聚类、预测、模型分析等算法。Keras是一个基于Theano/Tensorflow的深度学习库,可以应用来搭建简洁的人工神经网络。  相似文献   

Archaeal polar lipids in subseafloor sediments from the Nankai Trough: Implications for the distribution of methanogens in the deep marine subsurface     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

Although the methane in marine methane hydrates is mainly of microbial origin, information about the distribution of methanogens in subseafloor sediments is limited. To address this issue, we analyzed sediment core samples from two sites in the Nankai Trough, off the Pacific coast of central Japan, including those bearing methane hydrates from depths > 100 m below the seafloor (mbsf), for isopranyl ether-linked polar lipids (i.e. with polar head groups of phosphate, sugar, or both) as biomarkers of archaea, including methanogens. In most samples, including the deepest (381 mbsf), archaeol, and sn-2- and sn-3-hydroxyarchaeols were detected as their hydrolyzed derivatives. Concentrations of these three archaeal lipids correlated strongly with each other, suggesting a common biological source. The δ¹³C values of phytane derived from the phytanyl groups in the archaeal lipids were distinctly higher than those of methane, indicating that methanogens rather than anaerobic methanotrophic archaea were the major biological source. Depth profiles of polar sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol concentration were consistent with those of the potential methane production activity previously estimated from incubation of core sediments from the same sites. This observation, together with results of previous studies showing the presence of sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol mainly in shallow young sediments, strongly suggests that this polar lipid is a valid biomarker for in situ methanogens in sediments. There was a strong correlation between the concentration of polar sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol and that of total organic carbon, suggesting that bulk organic matter concentration is a primary control on the distribution of methanogens in sediments.  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地晚中生代-新生代伸展和走滑构造及深部背景   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

李理  赵利  刘海剑  房贤云 《地质科学》2015,50(2):446-472

渤海湾盆地是一个在早白垩世被动裂陷盆地基础上发育起来的新生代主动裂陷盆地, 走滑作用贯穿始终, 特别是在兰聊-盐山断层以东, 使这个裂陷盆地具有鲜明的走滑特征。伸展和走滑作用此消彼长, 伸展构造和走滑构造相互叠加、转换, 垂向上相互叠置、交切, 并由此导致变换带的产生。晚中生代以来太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的方向和速度变化、后撤以及板片窗效应、中始新世印欧板块碰撞导致的地幔上涌是控制盆地形成的深部背景, 郯庐断裂带早白垩世强烈的左行走滑、古新世-早始新世弱的左行走滑以及中始新世后的右行走滑活动也深刻地控制和影响着盆地的发育, 盆地内晚中生代-新生代的伸展和走滑构造的演化则是其浅部响应, 并由此控制着岩浆活动以及油气生成、运聚和分布的时空迁移。  相似文献   

2013年MS7.0芦山地震的动力学破裂过程及其影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

马聪慧  钱峰  张海明 《地球物理学报》2021,64(1):170-181

2013年4月20日在四川芦山发生了M S7.0地震,震源运动学反演结果给出了此次地震的破裂过程和同震滑动分布.为了更好地理解造成芦山地震破裂过程的力学原因,本文综合野外地质调查、余震定位、深地震反射剖面等结果,构建芦山地震铲型断层模型,以震源运动学反演结果为约束,将震源参数与震源附近的构造应力场结合,建立断层面上滑动量和牵引力的时空分布关系,通过试错法给定震源动力学计算参数模拟芦山地震破裂传播的可能情况,进而分析讨论不同动力学计算参数对芦山地震破裂过程和同震滑动分布的影响.结果显示,初始应力是决定断层是否发生错动的关键;临界滑动弱化位移D c对破裂滑动速率有着很大的影响;成核区半径和初始应力主要影响破裂成核的快慢;局部不均匀破裂强度主要影响破裂行为和断层最终滑动量分布.利用边界积分方程法可以有效计算芦山地震铲型断层模型的动力学破裂过程,再现此次地震的主要特征.通过探究动力学参数对破裂过程影响,可解释运动学反演结果所揭示的破裂特征的力学原因,对于深入了解地震震源过程的物理本质和预测未来可能发生的地震的主要特征有着重要的参考意义.  相似文献