数值模拟的尺度调节机理     

陈可洋 《内陆地震》2011,(4):321-328

为了使地震波正演数值模拟系统适合于不同尺度情况下的数值计算,提出了不同尺度数值模拟均需满足的4个共性条件和2个调节机理(即稳定和频散调节机理).认为空间尺度的变化与主频成反比,与时间步长成正比,在保证数值计算过程稳定和较高数值模拟前提下,根据尺度调节机理可以合理地选择波场模拟参数,实现不同尺度快速稳定、高精度的波场正演...  相似文献   

高压粉末制样波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定生物样品中23种元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

于兆水  张勤  李小莉  樊守忠  潘晏山  李国会 《岩矿测试》2014,33(6):844-848

应用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析生物样品,采用传统低压粉末制样方法(压强220~440 MPa)难以将样品压制成符合测定需要的样片,样片表面粗糙,粉末容易脱落,污染XRF仪器样品室,影响仪器的长期稳定性。本文采用高压粉末制样方法在1760 MPa下压制则完全克服了低压制样的弊端,制备的样片表面光滑、致密,大幅改善了制样重现性,5次制样重现性为0.1%~2.6%,且降低了仪器的维护成本。在此基础上,建立了波长色散X射线荧光光谱法直接测定生物样品中23种主次量元素(Al、Ca、Cl、K、Mg、Na、P、S、Si、Ba、Br、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sr、Ti、V、Zn)的分析方法,采用经验系数法、散射线内标法和峰背景作内标校正基体效应,大部分元素的方法精密度提高至 0.4%~11.3%,检出限为0.08~140.96 μg/g。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,表明方法准确可靠,能满足日常分析要求。  相似文献   

基于P-SV波分离的VTI介质射线追踪方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Guo Kai  Wang Pengyan  Lou Tingting 《地球科学进展》2015,30(9):1028-1033

近年来,VTI介质参数建模和成像技术发展迅速,其中VTI介质射线追踪是基础,其精度和稳定性直接影响建模和成像的效果。VTI介质射线追踪大多通过前人提出的频散关系推导出程函方程和射线方程,该方法主要基于纵横波相互独立的假设,采用令横波速度等于零的手段,在某些特殊情况下精度较低、稳定性较差。针对其缺点提出一种新的射线追踪方法,该方法基于P-SV波分离得到的q P波频散关系,从而推导出程函方程和射线方程,提高了精度和稳定性。最后通过模型试算验证该方法的正确性和稳定性。  相似文献   

Comparison of Dirichlet–Neumann operator expansions for nonlinear surface gravity waves     

Hemming A. Schäffer 《Coastal Engineering》2008

The Dirichlet–Neumann operator for the water-wave problem was introduced and expanded by Craig and Sulem [Craig, W., Sulem, C., 1993. [CS] Numerical simulation of gravity waves. J. Comput. Phys. 108, 73–83] and in a slightly different form and for 3D waves by Bateman, Swan and Taylor [Bateman, W.J.D., Swan, C., Taylor, P.H., 2001. [BST] On the efficient numerical simulation of directionally spread surface water waves. J. Comput. Phys. 174, 277–305]. This approach is supposedly superior to techniques derived earlier by West et al. [West, B.J., Brueckner, K.A., Janda, R.S., Milder, D.M., Milton, R.L., 1987. [WW] A new numerical method for surface hydrodynamics. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (C11), 11803–11824] and Dommermuth and Yue [Dommermuth, D.G., Yue, D.K.P., 1987. [DY] A high-order spectral method for the study of nonlinear gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech. 184, 267–288] under seemingly more restrictive assumptions. This paper extracts the Dirichlet–Neumann operator expansions from West et al. and Dommermuth and Yue. Concerning the operator expansions alone it is found that Bateman et al. is identical to West et al. and Dommermuth and Yue while Craig and Sulem is slightly different due to minor differences in the operator definition. For application to the free-surface boundary conditions West et al. devised a consistent truncation at nonlinear order. This alters the equivalence of the different approaches when it comes to the evaluation of the temporal derivative of the free surface elevation, which is decisive for wave evolution. In this regard Craig and Sulem is found to be identical to West et al. while Bateman et al. is identical to Dommermuth and Yue. Pseudo code is provided for alternative computational schemes in Fourier-space and physical space, respectively, along with a discussion of efficiency and potential flexibility.  相似文献   

辽宁水系沉积物元素丰度及典型矿区地球化学特征     

孙振永 《国土资源》1992,(2)

利用区域化探成果,论述和探讨了37种元素在辽宁省全域及各地质子区水系沉积物中的分布与分配特征及省内7种类Au、Cu、Pb、Zn典型矿区地球化学特征。研究结果表明:辽宁省景观地球化学标型元素是Al(强烈富集)和Ca(大量流失),出露地表的岩石以遭受化学风化作用为主;组成重砂矿物的微量元素(亲铜和亲铁元素)在水系沉积物中趋于富集;早前寒武纪变质岩石是Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、B元素最重要的矿源层,蓟县纪地层富含Au、As、Sb、Bi等元素,是寻找浸染型金矿的有利层位;排由楼金矿区元素组合特征与太古界相似,该区可能一直处于相对封闭体系。  相似文献   

水平层状介质中基阶瑞利面波椭圆极化特征数值分析与研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张立  刘争平 《地球物理学报》2013,56(5):1686-1695

近年来的工程实践表明,以速度频散特性为理论基础的传统瑞利面波法的实际应用存在场地限制的瓶颈问题.为克服该困难,本文从面波的基础理论着手,在前人建立的水平层状介质中瑞利面波速度频散方程的基础上,推导了水平层状介质中瑞利面波质点位移的解析解公式.以工程中常见的几种典型的水平层状地层模型为例,结合地脉动单点谱比法(HVSR,Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio),对基阶瑞利面波的椭圆极化特征进行了数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:与瑞利面波的速度频散特性类似,其椭圆极化同样具有频散特性,且椭圆极化时的质点位移水平分量与垂直分量的频谱比与地层泊松比结构有关.瑞利面波的这种椭圆极化特性展示了利用单点瑞利面波的多分量评价地层泊松比结构的理论可行性.  相似文献   

广东省东部地区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像     

黄元敏  沈玉松  杨马陵 《中国地震研究》2013,27(4):490-500

We perform Rayleigh wave tomography in east Guangdong and its surrounding regions by applying the ambient noise method to broadband data recorded at 26 stations from Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi Digital Seismic Networks. Cross-correlations of vertical- component ambient noise data are computed in one-day segments and stacked over seven months from March to September, 2011. Then Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves are measured using the frequency-time analysis method. Group velocity maps at periods from 5s to 15s are inverted. The resulting group velocity maps generally show good correlation with tectonic features, reflecting the velocity variations in the shallow crust. The basin areas are clearly resolved with lower group velocities at the short periods due to thick sedimentary layers, and the mountain areas with higher group velocities due to thin sedimentary layers. The variations of group velocity on the map can draw out the distribution of basins and mountains in study areas. The geothermal field can change the group velocity obviously, and lower group velocities are always found in high geothermal areas. The velocity maps indicate that a low-velocity layer may be found in the study areas.  相似文献   

用H/V谱比法与折射微动法确定表土层参数   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张文辉  金维浚  张衡 《地震》2013,33(4)

表土层参数对地震场地响应有重要影响,通过H/V谱比法和折射微动(REMI)方法确定场地表土层厚度和速度结构等有实际意义.REMI方法采用常规折射地震采集设备,利用自然震动作为源,通过地震波场τp变换和傅立叶变换,将地震记录从时空域变换到慢度-频率域提取频散曲线,不同于主动源面波勘探,被动源面波勘探能获得更大深度的土层结构.  相似文献   

Renormalization group methods in subsurface hydrology: overview and applications in hydraulic conductivity upscaling   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dionissios T. Hristopulos   《Advances in water resources》2003,26(12):1279

The renormalization group (RG) approach is a powerful theoretical framework, more suitable for upscaling strong heterogeneity than low-order perturbation expansions. Applications of RG methods in subsurface hydrology include the calculation of (1) macroscopic transport parameters such as effective and equivalent hydraulic conductivity and dispersion coefficients, and (2) anomalous exponents characterizing the dispersion of contaminants due to long-range conductivity correlations or broad (heavy-tailed) distributions of the groundwater velocity. First, we review the main ideas of RG methods and their hydrological applications. Then, we focus on the hydraulic conductivity in saturated porous media with isotropic lognormal heterogeneity, and we present an RG calculation based on the replica method. The RG analysis gives rigorous support to the exponential conjecture for the effective hydraulic conductivity [Water Resour. Res. 19 (1) (1983) 161]. Using numerical simulations in two dimensions with a bimodal conductivity distribution, we demonstrate that the exponential expression is not suitable for all types of heterogeneity. We also introduce an RG coarse-grained conductivity and investigate its applications in estimating the conductivity of blocks or flow domains with finite size. Finally, we define the fractional effective dimension, and we show that it justifies fractal exponents in the range 1−2/dα<1 (where d is the actual medium dimension) in the geostatistical power average.  相似文献   

Simple equations guide high-frequency surface-wave investigation techniques   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Jianghai Xia  Yixian Xu  Chao Chen  Ronald D. Kaufmann  Yinhe Luo 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(5):395-403

We discuss five useful equations related to high-frequency surface-wave techniques and their implications in practice. These equations are theoretical results from published literature regarding source selection, data-acquisition parameters, resolution of a dispersion curve image in the frequency–velocity domain, and the cut-off frequency of high modes. The first equation suggests Rayleigh waves appear in the shortest offset when a source is located on the ground surface, which supports our observations that surface impact sources are the best source for surface-wave techniques. The second and third equations, based on the layered earth model, reveal a relationship between the optimal nearest offset in Rayleigh-wave data acquisition and seismic setting—the observed maximum and minimum phase velocities, and the maximum wavelength. Comparison among data acquired with different offsets at one test site confirms the better data were acquired with the suggested optimal nearest offset. The fourth equation illustrates that resolution of a dispersion curve image at a given frequency is directly proportional to the product of a length of a geophone array and the frequency. We used real-world data to verify the fourth equation. The last equation shows that the cut-off frequency of high modes of Love waves for a two-layer model is determined by shear-wave velocities and the thickness of the top layer. We applied this equation to Rayleigh waves and multi-layer models with the average velocity and obtained encouraging results. This equation not only endows with a criterion to distinguish high modes from numerical artifacts but also provides a straightforward means to resolve the depth to the half space of a layered earth model.  相似文献