Application of AMD to the Determination of Crop Protection Agents in Drinking Water. Part IV: Fundamentals of a Confirmatory Test     

K. Burger  H. Jork  J. Khler 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(1):6-15

A method is described for the determination of fifteen active ingredients of plant protecting products in ground-, raw, and drinking water. After extraction and enrichment of the pesticides from the water sample with solid-phase extraction, the extract is fractionated on silica-coated TLC plates, first in a so-called screening gradient by AMD (automated multiple development). The detection of the pesticides is performed by UV multidetection. Positive results from the first separation are confirmed by a second separation on silica in an AMD gradient of distinctly different selectivity, compared to the first separation. Following this strategy, it is possible to distinguish nearly all nonvolatile, from water extractable, active ingredients of plant protecting products in the market. UV spectra are taken for further confirmation of positive results. In most cases, this is possible even at the limit of determination. All chromatograms and spectra shown are raw data, resulting from the confirmatory test DIN 38407 part 11, in the laboratory of one participant*). The method is standardized in the meantime as DIN V 38407-11.  相似文献   

山前冲洪积扇水文地质参数的选择及计算在广汉市三星堆水源地的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张远明 《四川地质学报》2001,21(1):38-41

通过对成都平原石亭江山前冲洪积扇的三星堆水源地水文地质条件及求参效果对比，阐明了正确选择水文地质参数对水厂建设的重要性。  相似文献   

Quantification of Aquatic Nano Particles after Different Steps of Bodensee Water Purification with Laser‐induced Breakdown Detection (LIBD)     

Tobias Bundschuh  Roger Knopp  Rudi Winzenbacher  Jae Il Kim  Rainer Kster 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2001,29(1):7-15

The laser‐induced breakdown detection (LIBD) is a very sensitive method for the direct detection of colloids based on the plasma generation on single particles by a focused, pulsed laser beam and the detection of the produced shock wave or plasma light emission. For the determination of colloid sizes the light emission of single plasmas is detected by a microscope CCD‐camera system. With known mean particle diameter and breakdown probability the particle concentration can be calculated. The application of the LIBD to monitor the change of colloid concentration and size during the purification steps of drinking water at the Bodensee (Lake Constance, Germany) water purification plant is shown. The breakdown probability, correlating to colloid number density, decreases with every purification step. By addition of FeCl₃ as a precipitating agent and with an additional filtration step, not only suspended matter, but also colloids are effectively removed. After this process a remaining particle concentration of 50 ng/L and a mean particle diameter of 27 nm are found.  相似文献   

万源市城北水源地供水保障度分析     

陶卫中  徐辉  陈德荣 《铀矿地质》2004,20(2):115-119

本文通过对万源市城北水源地的水文地质条件、水源地类型、地下水资源量等方面的分析 ,对万源市近期和中长期的供水需求进行了预测。  相似文献   

Enzyme Immunoassay for Pesticide Analysis Enzymimmunoassays zur Pestizidanalytik     

Prof. Dr. B. Hock 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1993,21(2):71-83

Enzyme immunoassays profit from the unique properties of antibodies concerning their selectivity and affinity towards ligands, e.g. pesticides. The most commonly applied types belong to the class of competitive immunoassays with phase separation such as the ELISA. The principle is explained and illustrated using an atrazine assay as a representative example. Common error sources, especially cross-reactivities and matrix effects, are discussed. Interlaboratory tests demonstrate the presently available quality of enzyme immunoassays. An outlook is given on future developments.  相似文献   

Concentrations and Seasonal Trends of Extracellular Microcystins in Freshwaters of the Czech Republic – Results of the National Monitoring Program     

Lucie Bláhová  Pavel Babica  Eliška Maršálková  Blahoslav Maršálek  Ludek Bláha 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(4):348-354

The first outcomes of the national monitoring program on cyanobacteria and their toxins in the Czech Republic are reported. The concentrations of extracellular microcystins (MCs, analyzed by ELISA) in 206 water samples collected from 94 localities have been investigated. Observed MC concentrations were relatively high in comparison with the literature data, although weather conditions during the covered season (year 2004) were less favorable for the cyanobacterial water blooms. Detectable MCs (>0.125 μg/L) were found in 145 waters (70% of all samples) with a median concentration of 0.67 μg/L. The total median, including samples with no detectable MCs, was 0.26 μg/L. The seasonal trend showed an increase from July to September at most localities (maximum concentrations of about 8 μg/L and extremes up to 37 μg/L). However, a peak at the beginning of the season or continuously elevated MC concentrations were also observed at some localities. Positive correlations between increasing concentrations of MCs and the dominancy of Microcystis spp. have been observed. The survey provides the first large-scale study of the occurrence and seasonal variability of extracellular microcystins that are of particular interest for drinking water management.  相似文献   

饮用天然矿泉水的资源保护与卫生防护     

徐志文  蒋俊  杨敏 《四川地质学报》2008,28(2):164-165

确定可以作为饮用天然矿泉水开发的水源地,除需进行专门的矿泉水水源地勘查工作外,还需提出矿泉水水源地资源保护与卫生防护带的划分及保护方案,作为开发过程中资源保护与卫生防护的依据。  相似文献   

Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality and saltwater intrusion in the Damghan basin,Iran     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(2):227-241

This study describes the groundwater quantity and quality conditions in the Damghan aquifer in Iran. The quantitative analysis of data obtained from observation wells indicates overexploitation of groundwater during recent years, which has resulted in deterioration of water quality. The mean water level has declined about 7.4 m between years of 1966 and 2010. The hydrochemical facies of water collected from sampling wells were investigated though Piper and Chadha diagrams, and the general dominant type of water in the study area was determined as Na-Cl. The quality assessment examined the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water, all regions were found to have unpotable groundwater. Furthermore, unsuitability of groundwater for agricultural applications due to high salinity was observed through analysis of major quality indicators. The saltwater intrusion was investigated by ionic ratio analyses and was determined to be the main factor contributing to high salinity and deterioration of the groundwater quality in the Damghan basin.  相似文献   

Production of Drinking Water from Highly Contaminated Surface Waters: Removal of Organic,Inorganic, and Microbial Contaminants Applying Mobile Membrane Filtration Units     

Thomas Heberer  Dirk Feldmann  Kirsten Reddersen  Hans‐Juergen Altmann  Thomas Zimmermann 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2002,30(1):24-33

In military out of area missions of the Bundeswehr, it can be necessary to produce drinking water even from highly polluted surface waters containing a variety of organic, inorganic, and microbiological contaminants. Thus, mobile drinking water purification systems must be able to remove such contaminants as far as possible to meet the requirements of the German and European drinking water regulation/directive. Presently, two novel drinking water purification units applying membrane filtration undergo intensive long‐term trials carried out by the Bundeswehr. If these trials positively proof the functionality of these units and their ability to remove all possible contaminants they shall substitute so far available devices which use large amounts of chemicals and charcoal filtration for water purification.In the course of a research project, the functionality of the new devices and their efficacy to remove high amounts of algae, microbes, and organic and inorganic pollutants are additionally tested in “worst‐case” field studies. In September 2000, the first mobile drinking water purification unit was tested at the Teltowkanal in Berlin, Germany.This canal was chosen because it carries high burdens of municipal sewage effluents. The results from the fatigue test confirmed the ability of the water purification unit to reduce the concentrations of all contaminants meeting the maximum tolerance levels set by the German/European drinking water regulation.The pre‐filtration device was very effective in removing algae and solid particles to protect the membranes from clogging and to enable an almost maintenance‐free operation. Residues of pharmaceuticals and some other organic contaminants have almost totally been removed from the surface water where they were detected at individual concentrations up to the μg/L‐level.  相似文献   

The Effects of Nutrients on Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal in Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) Filtration     

R. Vahala  V. Moramarco  R. M. Niemi  J. Rintala  R. Laukkanen 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(3):196-199

Effective biodegradation of organic compounds is one of the major objectives while optimizing biological drinking water treatment processes. Enhancing the biological activated carbon (BAC) filter performance with nutrient addition was studied using chemically pre-treated and ozonated lake water. Three parallel pilot-scale biofilters were operated: one with phosphorus addition, one with a mixture of inorganic nutrients addition, and one as a reference. The addition of nutrients had no statistically significant influence on the natural organic matter (NOM) removal when monitored by total organic carbon (TOC), UV absorbance, and assimilable organic carbon (AOC). However, the addition of nutrients significantly increased the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria of the filter effluent, while the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis of the attached bacteria did not show any increase in BAC filters. It seemed that in BAC filters the bacterial growth was limited by phosphorus, but the increased bacteria could not attach themselves during the relatively short acclimatization period.  相似文献