Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes: a case study of Peddavanka watershed, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Srinivasa Gowd 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):702-712

In India, the quantity and quality of water available for irrigation is variable from place to place. Assessment of water quality has been carried out to determine the sources of dissolved ions in groundwater. Quality of groundwater in a 398 km² Peddavanka watershed of a semi-arid region of south India is evaluated for its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. The middle Proterozoic Cuddapah Supergroup and Kurnool Group of rocks underlie most of the watershed. The main lithologic units consist chiefly of quartzite, limestone, and shale. Seventy-six water samples were collected from open-wells and bore-holes. Water samples were collected representative of the post-monsoon (winter) and pre-monsoon (summer). The quality assessment is made through the estimation of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, total hardness as CaCO₃, TDS, EC, and pH. Based on these analyses, parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, % sodium, residual sodium carbonate, non-carbonate hardness, potential salinity, Kelley’s ratio, magnesium ratio, index of base exchange and permeability index were calculated. According to Gibbs‘ ratio samples in both seasons fall in the rock dominance field. The overall quality of waters in the study area in post-monsoon season is high for all constituents ruling out pollution from extraneous sources.  相似文献   

Groundwater hydrochemistry of a sugarcane cultivation belt in parts of Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India     

R. Umar  M. Muqtada A. Khan  A. Absar 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(7):999-1008

The Kali-Hindon is a watershed in the most productive central Ganga plain of India. The whole area is a fertile track with sugarcane being the principal crop. Systematic sampling was carried out to assess the source of dissolved ions, impact of sugar factories and the quality of groundwater. Thirty-six samples were collected covering an area of 395 km². The quality of groundwater is suitable for irrigational purposes but is rich in SO₄ which is not best for human consumption. Graphical treatment of major ion chemistry helps identify six chemical types of groundwater. All possible species such as Na–Cl, K–Cl, Na–HCO₃, Na–SO₄, Ca–HCO₃, Mg–HCO₃, Ca–SO₄ and Mg–SO₄ are likely to occur in the groundwater system. The most conspicuous change in chemistry of groundwater is relative enrichment of SO₄. The interpretation of data reveals that SO₄ has not been acquired through water–rock interaction. The source of SO₄ is anthropogenic. Sugar factories alone are responsible for this potential environmental hazard.  相似文献   

Remote quantification of phycocyanin in potable water sources through an adaptive model     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Cyanobacterial blooms in water supply sources in both central Indiana USA (CIN) and South Australia (SA) are a cause of great concerns for toxin production and water quality deterioration. Remote sensing provides an effective approach for quick assessment of cyanobacteria through quantification of phycocyanin (PC) concentration. In total, 363 samples spanning a large variation of optically active constituents (OACs) in CIN and SA waters were collected during 24 field surveys. Concurrently, remote sensing reflectance spectra (R_rs) were measured. A partial least squares–artificial neural network (PLS–ANN) model, artificial neural network (ANN) and three-band model (TBM) were developed or tuned by relating the R_rs with PC concentration. Our results indicate that the PLS–ANN model outperformed the ANN and TBM with both the original spectra and simulated ESA/Sentinel-3/Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) and EO-1/Hyperion spectra. The PLS–ANN model resulted in a high coefficient of determination (R²) for CIN dataset (R² = 0.92, R: 0.3–220.7 μg/L) and SA (R² = 0.98, R: 0.2–13.2 μg/L). In comparison, the TBM model yielded an R² = 0.77 and 0.94 for the CIN and SA datasets, respectively; while the ANN obtained an intermediate modeling accuracy (CIN: R² = 0.86; SA: R² = 0.95). Applying the simulated OLCI and Hyperion aggregated datasets, the PLS–ANN model still achieved good performance (OLCI: R² = 0.84; Hyperion: R² = 0.90); the TBM also presented acceptable performance for PC estimations (OLCI: R² = 0.65, Hyperion: R² = 0.70). Based on the results, the PLS–ANN is an effective modeling approach for the quantification of PC in productive water supplies based on its effectiveness in solving the non-linearity of PC with other OACs. Furthermore, our investigation indicates that the ratio of inorganic suspended matter (ISM) to PC concentration has close relationship to modeling relative errors (CIN: R² = 0.81; SA: R² = 0.92), indicating that ISM concentration exert significant impact on PC estimation accuracy.  相似文献   

许昌市地下水水位下降及防治措施     

孙志卿  张贤良  马晓辉 《河南国土资源》1998,(4)

因过量开采地下水而引起地下水水位下降,降落漏斗形成并扩大,同时引发地面沉降,造成地质灾害发生。防治措施有：开发新的水源地,合理开发利用地下水,引表回灌等。  相似文献   

太湖流域典型水源水库藻类水华的促发条件     

吕翔宇  朱梦圆  马永山  邹伟  徐天予  张志斌  朱广伟 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1516-1528

藻类异常增殖引发的水华是威胁我国水源地水库的主要生态问题之一。探究水源水库中藻类异常增殖的促发因素是防控藻类水华水质问题的前提。本文以太湖流域两个大(Ⅱ)型中营养水库为例,通过周年浮游植物细胞密度、生物量及相关环境因子逐月监测,分析影响水库有害藻类生物量季节性异常增殖特征及其促发条件。结果表明,地处亚热带季风区的两个水源水库均存在蓝藻和硅藻阶段性异常增殖的风险,老石坎水库5月暴发了以曲壳藻为绝对优势种的重度硅藻水华现象,硅藻细胞密度达到6232×10⁴ cells/L,赋石水库则在6和9月均出现了蓝藻细胞数达到水华级别的异常增殖现象。冗余分析表明,总磷、水温和水位是影响水库硅藻、蓝藻异常增殖的关键因素。非线性回归等统计分析表明,两个水库中水体总磷浓度显著影响藻类异常增殖强度的临界值为0.024 mg/L,而水温高于16℃时,硅藻水华事件可能发生,硅藻水华发生的最佳温度为22℃水温高于20℃时,蓝藻水华事件可能发生,蓝藻水华发生的最佳温度为30℃持续低水位或水位快速波动过程中藻类水华暴发的风险较高。研究表明,太湖流域中营养水源水库藻类异常增殖或藻类水华的发生往往是营...  相似文献