论雾与污染的关系   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

周斌斌 《气象》1994,20(9):19-24

简述了近年来雾的研究进展，并从雾的酸化、雾层内污染物的扩散、雾层对污染物的清除、污染物对雾形成与发展的影响等方面讨论了雾与大气污染的关系。  相似文献   

Physical and chemical characteristics of a metal-contaminated overbank deposit,west-central South Dakota,U.S.A.     

Donna C. Marron 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1989,14(5):419-432

A metal-contaminated overbank deposit in west-central South Dakota resulted from the discharge of a large volume of mine tailings into a river system between the late 1800s and 1977. The deposit along the Belle Fourche River is typically up to 2 m thick and extends about 90 m away from the channel along the insides of meander bends. The sediments contain above-background levels of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, and particularly arsenic, which is commonly two orders of magnitude above background level in the contaminated sediments. Carbonate minerals in the deposit limit the desorption of arsenic by preventing acid formation. Arsenic concentrations provide a measure of the dilution of mine tailings by uncontaminated sediment. The arsenic appears to have been transported and deposited as arsenopyrite, but is now at least partially associated with iron oxides and hydroxides. Within individual samples, arsenic concentration has an inverse relation with grain size that results from the more efficient accumulation of arsenic on the greater surface area of the smaller particles. Arsenic concentration is inversely related to the sample weight percent finer than 16 μm, however, as a consequence of the dilution of the contaminated sediments by uncontaminated sediment with a finer grain-size distribution. Dilution by uncontaminated sediment from tributaries cause arsenic concentrations to decrease by a factor of 3 along 100 km of floodplain. An influx at high streamflow of uncontaminated sediment from terraces and the premining floodplain as well as from tributaries causes arsenic concentrations in parts of the contaminated deposit that are farthest away from the channel to be two to three times less than arsenic concentrations in overbank sediment that is immediately adjacent to the channel.  相似文献   

Trace elements in alluvia of the upper Vistula as indicators of palaeohydrology     

Kazimierz Klimek  Lucyna Zawilinska 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(3):273-280

In the Vistula valley near Góra, at the northern foreland of the Carpathians Mountains, there are young alluvia deposited in the historical period. These alluvia are difficult to date precisely because of the lack of organic interbedded material. In the Vistula drainage basin upstream of Góra since the second half of 18th century small centres of metal, textile, motor, and petrochemical industries have been developed. Concentrations of trace elements such as: Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and of some macroelements were used as indicators of the age of different alluvial fills. The main part of the Vistula valley floor was built up by sediment accumulation before the development of industry but after the medieval phase of rural colonization of the Carpathians. Deposits filling the abandoned channels dissecting the valley floor have an increased content of some trace elements and deposits date from the second half of the 18th century, when the first foundries and blacksmith's shops were developed. A drastic increase of concentration of the most abundant trace elements in the youngest alluvial fill indicates that the fill dates from the last decade of rapid industrial development.  相似文献   

Aspects of the cycle of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the tropical rain forest of the Ivory Coast     

Jean Servant  Robert Delmas  Jacques Rancher  Marcel Rodriguez 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,1(4):391-401

A partial balance of mineral N is given for the basins of two coastal rivers in a forest zone in the Ivory Coast. The dry and wet depositions on the basin surfaces is given for particulate matter (NO₃ ^–, NH₄ ⁺). The quantity of mineral N washed away in the rivers is evaluated. The losses from leaching of the soils by rainwater are about 0.33 to 1.0% of the atmospheric depositions for NH₄ ⁺–N and 2.2 to 5.8% for NO₃ ^––N. The yearly atmospheric input of N compounds to the ecosystem, about 1.4 g N m^–2 y^–1, is at least 14% of mineral N formed in the soils and is therefore quite significant.  相似文献   

尤溪地区侏罗系梨山组沉积岩沉积环境分析     

陈斯盾 《福建地质》1995,14(2):132-138

本文在１：５万尤溪县等四幅区域调研工作的基础上，就本区广泛分布的梨山组沉积岩的沉积环境。通过沉积地层的基本层序划分、地方性剖面模式层序的建立及采用相分析，划分出辫状河及交织河沉积。辫状河积的河道宽、深化值大、沙滩及坝形成侧向连续的带状砂体。细粒沉积薄而少，多呈不连续状，构成“砂包泥”的宏观特征，交织河流具低梯度、低弯度、快速填积的低能及广阔的洪泛盆地，河道沉积的砂体在侧向上包含于细粒沉积物中，由于  相似文献   

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition induces rapid ecological changes in alpine lakes of the Colorado Front Range (USA)   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

Alexander P. Wolfe  Jill S. Baron  R. Jack Cornett 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,25(1):1-7

Recent sediments from two alpine lakes (> 3300 m asl) in the Colorado Front Range (USA) register marked and near-synchronous changes that are believed to represent ecological responses to enhanced atmospheric deposition of fixed nitrogen from anthropogenic sources. Directional shifts in sediment proxies include greater representations of mesotrophic diatoms and increasingly depleted ¹⁵N values. These trends are particularly pronounced since ~ 1950, and appear to chronicle lake responses to excess N derived from agricultural and industrial sources to the east. The rate and magnitude of recent ecological changes far exceed the context of natural variability, as inferred from comparative analyses of a long core capturingthe entire 14,000-year postglacial history of one of the lakes. Nitrogen deposition to these seemingly pristine natural areas has resulted in subtle but detectable limnological changes that likely represent the beginning of a stronger response to nitrogen enrichment.  相似文献   

河南西峡-内乡琥珀矿床的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周世全  赵树林 《矿产与地质》2005,19(1):57-59

河南西峡-内乡琥珀矿床是我国琥珀市场上原料的重要产地。通过对该矿床的地层、岩相、古地理以及水动力条件等因素的分析研究，以及对琥珀矿体地质特征、琥珀物理性质及化学组成特征的研究，认为该琥珀矿床属于晚白垩世河流冲、洪积沉积矿床。  相似文献   

非补偿陆相断陷盆地层序地层学研究——以廊固凹陷古近系为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

宋荣彩  张哨楠  董树义  周文  付恒  任文博  张建锋 《地层学杂志》2007,31(3):255-260

非补偿沉积表现为无明显的沉积间断面,单层暗色泥岩厚度大,分布范围广,沉积剖面以退积为特点。通过对廊固凹陷古近系基底地层、物源体系的研究,结合沉积物组合特点、沉积剖面序列和构造发育阶段特征,分析了非补偿沉积盆地的层序发育样式,总结了非补偿盆地层序边界发育特征,建立了层序地层格架,共划分了1个一级层序、3个二级层序、11个三级层序。研究了不同沉积、构造背景下各层序组内体系域的样式,将一个完整的层序划分为湖泊充填体系域、湖泊扩张体系域、湖泊稳定体系域及湖泊萎缩体系域(下降体系域)等4个阶段,使体系域的叠加与层序的演化相关联。建立了非补偿型陆相盆地有利体系域沉积模式,认为物源的演替是其主控因素,复杂的断裂系统仅是一种控制沉积作用的一种表象。  相似文献   

黄河下游断面资料数据库及冲淤分布初步分析——   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

龙毓骞  梁国亭  张原锋  申冠卿  张留柱  程龙渊 《水文》2002,22(4):28-31,52

利用所建立的断面资料数据库及分析系统软件,采用体积法对黄河下游冲淤数量进行了计算,并利用与本系统软件直接接口的通用软件,研究了黄河下游冲淤量的时空分布特点。计算分析表明,近半个世纪黄河下游河道淤积量达64.4亿m3。进入下游的水沙条件既受自然气候条件变化的影响又受水库运用所制约。不同时期河道冲淤量及其分布的差异是黄河下游冲积性河道对不同水沙条件所作出的反应。  相似文献   

137Cs在滇西与黔中地区散落的差异——青藏隆起对滇西地区全球性扩散大气污染物散落屏蔽效应的推断   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

万国江  白占国  刘东生  王仕禄  陈敬安  黄荣贵 《第四纪研究》2001,21(5):407-415

云贵高原是青藏隆起在南亚大陆形成的一个海拔梯度大、地势格局复杂的特异环境单元.该地域兼受东南季风与西南季风的交汇影响,是全球变化的敏感区之一.青藏隆起对云贵高原现代环境影响主要表现在1)全球性大气扩散污染物的屏蔽效应和局地性大气扩散污染物的滞留效应;2)区域化学风化的增强效应和物理侵蚀的梯级效应;3)地表环境地球化学过程的低纬度-高海拔效应.核素示踪模式分析表明滇西与黔中地区之间137Cs自大气散落差异明显[1986年以前,洱海和红枫湖沉积物中137Cs散落的累计值分别为(0.11±0.01)Bq/cm2及(0.37±0.01)Bq/cm2],而7Be的散落相近.这说明青藏隆起对滇西地区存在全球性扩散大气污染物散落的屏蔽效应.  相似文献