Dynamic instability of clays: an energy approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eugene A. Voznesensky  Steinar Nordal 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(2):601

The dynamic instability of any soil is based on the ability to accumulate from cycle to cycle a part of the energy to be dissipated. Using the general thermodynamic approach in combination with high resolution experiments it is possible to analyze the transformations of energy in soil under dynamic loading. Undisturbed specimens of two Norwegian clays, sufficiently different in their engineering properties, were used in a number of undrained cyclic triaxial tests to study the influence of confining stress, coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K₀), dynamic stress amplitude and frequency of loading in the development of instability in the clays. This paper discusses the unit dissipated energy and the unit activation energy as possible energy criteria for evaluation of dynamic instability in soils.  相似文献   

Dynamic Interaction of Natural and Man-Made Structures with Earth Medium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《中国地震研究》1999,(3)

  相似文献   

对土地利用总体规划工作的几点思考   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡本达  黄润  雷坚生 《热带地理》1999,19(2):142-146

从区域整体的角度对土地利用规划的地位、方法等理论进行探讨。针对国情,认为：１）土地利用规划是一项区域性基础规划,对区域性其他规划具有重要指导作用;２）农田保护区规划是土地利用规划的核心,因而是整个规划的入手处;３）土地利用规划不应“自上而下”,而应采用“由县（县级市）入手向两级延伸”的办法;４）“耕地总量动态平衡”不应一刀切,而应采取“平衡中有不平衡、不平衡中亦存在平衡”的弹性策略,且除“量”的平衡外,还应注重“质”的平衡。  相似文献   

内蒙古雨养农业区土壤水分动态监测模式   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

侯琼  沈建国 《应用气象学报》1999,10(1):72-79

文章根据多年实际观测资料,在土壤水分平衡参数模拟方法的基础上,利用初始土壤有效水分贮存量、降水量和实际蒸散量3要素,建立了0～50 cm土层的土壤水分动态监测模式,确定了各项参数的计算方法。通过11个站点两年的检验和试用,对主要农作物春小麦和春玉米农田的水分状况监测准确率达80%以上。同时,对两个站点的土壤水分进行了预报,准确率平均为92%。  相似文献   

Regional high-pressure metamorphism during intracratonic deformation: the Petermann Orogeny, central Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Scrimgeour  & Close 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1999,17(5):557-572

The Petermann Orogeny is a late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian ( c . 560–520  Ma) intracratonic event that affected the Musgrave Block and south-western Amadeus Basin in central Australia. In the Mann Ranges, within the central Musgrave Block, Mesoproterozoic granulite facies gneisses, granites and mafic dykes have been substantially reworked by deep crustal non-coaxial strain of late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian age. Dolerite dykes have recrystallized to garnet granulite facies assemblages, associated with the development of a mylonitic fabric at P =12–13  kbar and T  =700–750 °C. Migmatization is restricted to discrete shear zones, which represent conduits for hydrous fluids during metamorphism. Peak metamorphism was followed by decompression to c . 7  kbar, reflecting exhumation of the terrane along the south-dipping Woodroffe Thrust. In scattered outcrops north of the Mann Ranges, peak metamorphism occurred at P =9–10  kbar and T  = c . 700 °C. The Woodroffe Thrust separates these deep crustal mylonites from granites that were metamorphosed during the Petermann Orogeny at P = c . 6–7  kbar and T  = c . 650 °C. The similarity in peak temperatures at different crustal levels implies an unusual thermal regime during this event. The existence of a relatively elevated geotherm corresponding with Th- and K-enriched granites that were in the mid-crust during the Petermann Orogeny suggests that radiogenic heat production may have substantially contributed to the thermal regime during metamorphism. This potentially has implications for the mechanisms by which intra-plate strain was localized during this event.  相似文献   

Dragged surge motion of tension leg platforms and strained elastic tethers     

Hsien Hua Lee  Pei-Wen Wang  Chung-Pan Lee 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(6):145

This paper presents an analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of both the platform and tethers in the tension leg platform system when the platform system is subjected to the wave-induced surge motion and the flow-induced drag motion. Along with the analysis the coupling problem of a two dimensional tension leg platform interacting with a monochromatic linear wave train in an inviscid and incompressible fluid is being considered. The scattering problem and radiation problem are first solved independently and then combined together to resolve for all unknowns. The dynamic behavior of the platform and tethers was further solved based on these solutions. The material property and the dimensional effect for the tether incorporated in the tension leg platform system are both taken into account in the analytical analysis. Corresponding to the variation of material properties and tether dimensions, it was found that the dynamic behavior of both the tether of tension leg platform and the platform itself is closely related to the material property and the dimension of the tether.  相似文献   

桂林境外游客结构特征及时空动态模式研究   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24  

张红  李九全 《地理科学》2000,20(4):350-354

通过对桂林境外游客的实地抽样调查,利用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ ＦｏｘＰｒｏ软件,建立桂林境外游客时间和空间变化数据库,经过统计分析,探讨桂林境外游客市场结构特征、客流量的时间变化规律及其与１１个旅游热点城市之间流动模式。  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘高压麻粒岩研究进展和问题     

袁建平  王仁民  倪志耀 《矿物岩石》2000,20(2):100-104

本文系统总结了９０年代以来华北克拉通北缘高压粒岩的研究进展情况,简要介绍了华北克拉通北缘高压麻粒岩的空间分布、地质产状,概述了高压庥粒岩在原岩恢复、矿物组合及变质温压条件、矿物组合转化反应、成因假说和大地构造意义等方面的研究成果,指出高压麻粒岩在板块的构造／岩石圈研究领域的重要作用,并提出将来绎高压麻粒做进一步工作时需解决的首要问题。  相似文献   

On non-linear low–low SST observation equations for the determination of the geopotential based on an analytical solution     

Ch. Cui  D. Lelgemann 《Journal of Geodesy》2000,74(5):431-440

In satellite data analysis, one big advantage of analytical orbit integration, which cannot be overestimated, is missed in the numerical integration approach: spectral analysis or the lumped coefficient concept may be used not only to design efficient algorithms but overall for much better insight into the force-field determination problem. The lumped coefficient concept, considered from a practical point of view, consists of the separation of the observation equation matrix A=BT into the product of two matrices. The matrix T is a very sparse matrix separating into small block-diagonal matrices connecting the harmonic coefficients with the lumped coefficients. The lumped coefficients are nothing other than the amplitudes of trigonometric functions depending on three angular orbital variables; therefore, the matrix N=B ^T B will become for a sufficient length of a data set a diagonal dominant matrix, in the case of an unlimited data string length a strictly diagonal one. Using an analytical solution of high order, the non-linear observation equations for low–low SST range data can be transformed into a form to allow the application of the lumped concept. They are presented here for a second-order solution together with an outline of how to proceed with data analysis in the spectral domain in such a case. The dynamic model presented here provides not only a practical algorithm for the parameter determination but also a simple method for an investigation of some fundamental questions, such as the determination of the range of the subset of geopotential coefficients which can be properly determined by means of SST techniques or the definition of an optimal orbital configuration for particular SST missions. Numerical results have already been obtained and will be published elsewhere. Received: 15 January 1999 / Accepted: 30 November 1999  相似文献   

地形上空边界层流中低层锋面结构的理论研究Ⅱ:暖锋、均匀地转流     

谈哲敏  伍荣生 《气象学报》2000,58(3):265-277

利用一个有地形、边界层摩擦作用、简化的二层浅水锋面模型,在理论上研究了地形上空边界层流动中地面暖锋的结构及环流分布特征问题。暖锋的坡度主要取决于其暖域地转流、锋面移速,它随锋面移速增大而减小,这与冷锋特征相反。地形对暖锋坡度的影响作用较小。与无地形作用时相比,静止性暖锋冷域中,位于锋面界面附近的闭合正环流系,当暖锋位于地形上游,其伸展范围增大;当暖锋位于迎风坡时,其伸展范围缩小,中心位置上抬;锋面移至背风坡时,其伸展范围重新增大。对于冷域中远离地面暖锋的另一支正环流系来说,当暖锋位于地形上游或迎风坡时,它可被地形完全阻塞于背风侧,地形高度越高,地形阻塞作用越大。在暖锋锋区附近主要存在三支垂直上升运动带：（a）由于边界层摩擦辐合作用,导致在地面暖锋后缘暖区中形成一支水平尺度较小、强度较大的垂直运动带,它随着暖锋移速增大而减弱。该垂直运动带,当暖锋位于地形迎风侧,强度增加;暖锋位于地形背风侧,其强度减弱。（b）在锋区暖域沿锋面存在均匀的上升运动,（c）在冷域远离地面暖锋处,存在一支水平范围较宽,其中心位于边界层顶部附近的垂直运动带,当暖锋位于迎风坡时,这支垂直运动带可被地形阻塞于地形背风侧。  相似文献