温度逆境处理提高拟微球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)EPA含量的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨官品  张继民  魏东  张学成 《海洋学报》2002,24(4):132-135

二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)是一种长链多不饱和脂肪酸,是水产养殖动物幼体发育必需脂肪酸之一.富含EPA鲜活微藻、干燥微藻和冷冻微藻是水产养殖动物幼体重要的饵料[1].同时,EPA还能增强水产养殖动物免疫系统功能,提高成活率和抗病力[1～3].由于EPA含量是饵料藻品质的决定因素之一,品种选育、生态调控等提高EPA含量的措施均能提高微藻饵料价值.低温能提高微藻脂肪酸不饱和度,以维持生物膜流动性,抵抗低温伤害[4].另外,我们推测长链脂肪酸有可能提高微藻适应高温环境的能力.  相似文献   

城市暴雨积水的计算分析及其动态仿真研究     

刘兴权  刘为 《地理空间信息》2010,8(4):10-12,126

随着城市化进程的加快,城市暴雨积水对人们生活的影响越来越大。选用暴雨管理模型SWMM,利用GIS和RS技术计算了暴雨积水的相关数据,分析了由暴雨引起的地面和管网积水的特性与持续过程;研究了GIS与SWMM耦合集成将积水过程三维动态仿真的方法。研究结果表明,将GIS技术和RS技术应用于SWMM的计算分析过程中可大大提高计算的效率和计算结果的精度,而三维动态仿真提供了更为直观和有效的预测手段,可提高应急指挥能力。  相似文献   

城市水文单元雨洪监测与模拟研究——以清华大学校园为例     

向晨瑶  刘家宏  王浩  邵薇薇 《水文》2017,37(4):12-17

城市内涝问题进一步突显了城市水文循环研究的重要性。基于地表建筑、地下管道、雨水工程等资料,基于SWMM建立了清华大学校园雨洪模拟模型,根据2015年5月10日和2012年7月21日两场降雨事件的实测资料,进行了清华大学校园水文过程精细模拟,用道路积水深度率定验证模型。模拟结果表明:(1)集水区下垫面透水性强弱不同时,产流过程仍十分相似,最大洪峰发生时间相同;(2)绿化带削减洪量的作用显著,不透水面积越大的地方越容易发生街道积水;(3)道路水深对降雨强度响应敏感,低强度降雨事件中,道路积水表现出0.5~1h的滞后。  相似文献   

尿素包合法富集蛇鲻鱼油中EPA和DHA的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘书成  李德涛  欧冠强  章超桦  吉宏武  洪鹏志  郝记明 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(3)

以蛇鲻精制鱼油为原料,采用氢氧化钾乙醇皂化和硫酸酸化制备鱼油混合脂肪酸,以EPA和DHA含量为指标,探讨了尿素包合法富集鱼油中EPA和DHA的工艺条件。结果表明:以乙醇为溶剂,在尿脂质量比为2︰1和包合温度0℃的条件下进行一次性包合20 h后,富集产物中EPA和DHA总含量达到了69.74%,其中EPA含量为22.05%,DHA含量为47.69%,达到了保健鱼油的生产要求。  相似文献   

Evaluation of multi‐use stormwater detention basins for improved urban watershed management          下载免费PDF全文

Daeryong Park  Sukhwan Jang  Larry A. Roesner 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1104-1113

Detention basins are used to capture postdevelopment runoff and control the peak discharge of the outflow using orifices and weirs. The use of detention basins is typical practice in the construction of new developments on the fringe of existing urban areas, such as the Ulsan–Hwabong district in the city of Ulsan, South Korea. In this study, the required volume and flooding area of a detention basin was determined to control development outflow peaks for 2‐year, 10‐year, and 100‐year design storms with type II rainfall distributions as characterized by the US Department of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service method. The rainfall–runoff simulation model used was the US Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (EPA‐SWMM) 5, which is the latest version of the software, updated for Windows. We designed three cases of detention basins multi‐staged by 2‐year, 10‐year, and 100‐year design storms and verified the designs with the application of 49 years (1961–2009) of hourly historical rainfall data. The three detention basin designs were compared in terms of the total construction and land costs as well as the benefits associated with recreational facilities or parking lot use. As a result, the design sizes of the detention basins are slightly greater than the actual sizes needed based on the historical rainfall application. Multi‐use detention basins (MDBs) based on 2‐year and 10‐year design storms were found to yield 37.4% and 22.8% benefits, respectively, for recreational facility use compared with detention basins without multi‐use space, and the results also indicate that benefits accrue after 6.5 years for parking lot use. The results of this study suggest that an MDB based on a 2‐year design storm is the most cost‐effective design among the three cases considered for Ulsan, South Korea. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simulation of green roof test bed runoff          下载免费PDF全文

Gerald Krebs  Kirsi Kuoppamäki  Teemu Kokkonen  Harri Koivusalo 《水文研究》2016,30(2):250-262

Low Impact Development (LID) aims to mitigate the hydrological impacts of urbanization by replication of processes in natural catchments. Green roofs covered with vegetation and pervious substrate are one alternative among a wide range of LID tools. Water retention of green roofs depends on many factors (e.g. local climate), and measurements remain crucial in evaluating their performance. The simulation of green roof retention by a hydrological model is one option to evaluate their potential benefits before implementation. In this paper, we evaluated the ability of the recently introduced LID green roof module of the stormwater management model to replicate runoff from monitored green roof test beds under Nordic climate conditions. A parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify calibration parameters. The model showed an overall acceptable performance, and the results indicated the importance of accurately estimating potential evapotranspiration rates for inter‐event periods, which is essential in representing the retention capacity regeneration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Calculation of Intercepted Volume of Sewer Overflows： a Model for Control of Nonpoint Pollution Sources in Urban Areas     

S. C. Choi D. I. Jung C. H. Won J. M. Rim 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):317-321

The authors discovered large differences in the characteristics of overflows by the calculation of 1） intercepting volume of overflows for sewer systems using SWMM model which takes into consideration the runoff and pollutants from rainfalls and 2） the intercepted volume in the total flow at an investigation site. The intercepting rate at the investigation point of CSOs showed higher values than the SSDs. Based on the modeling of the receiving water quality after calculating the intercepting amount of overflows by considering the characteristics of outflows for a proper management of the overflow of sewer systems with rainfalls, it is clear that the BOD decreased by 82.9%-94.0% for the discharge after intercepting a specific amount of flows compared to the discharge from unprocessed overflows.  相似文献   

Estimation of sub-catchment area parameters for Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) using geo-informatics     

Gaurav V. Jain  R.J. Bhanderi  P. Jayaprasad  J.N. Patel  P.G. Agnihotri 《国际地球制图》2016,31(4):462-476

This study presents a remote sensing and geographic information systems-based approach for using US EPA’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in urban environment. Cartosat-1 PAN + IRS-P6 LISS-IV merged product was used to map land cover in part of Surat city at 1:10,000 scale. Cartosat-1 stereo pair was used for deriving digital elevation model of the study area. Geo-informatics-based methods were developed for delineation of sub-catchment areas, assignment of sub-catchment outlets and estimation of characteristic width. It was observed that 59% of the developed area in the study region was directly or indirectly connected to the storm water drainage network. Furthermore, dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation on three-day rainfall indicated that the average runoff coefficient on the urbanized sub-catchment areas which were directly connected to the drainage network was 0.92 as against 0.88 on those urbanized sub-catchments without having direct access to storm water drainage.  相似文献   

An automated algorithm for mapping building impervious areas from airborne LiDAR point-cloud data for flood hydrology     

Chen-Ling J. Hung  L. Allan James  Michael E. Hodgson 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(6):793-816

Buildings, as impervious surfaces, are an important component of total impervious surface areas that drive urban stormwater response to intense rainfall events. Most stormwater models that use percent impervious area (PIA) are spatially lumped models and do not require precise locations of building roofs, as in other applications of building maps, but do require accurate estimates of total impervious areas within the geographic units of observation (e.g. city blocks or sub-watershed units). Two-dimensional mapping of buildings from aerial imagery requires laborious efforts from image analysts or elaborate image analysis techniques using high spatial resolution imagery. Moreover, large uncertainties exist where tall, dense vegetation obscures the structures. Analyzing LiDAR point-cloud data, however, can distinguish buildings from vegetation canopy and facilitate the mapping of buildings. This paper presents a new building extraction approach that is based on and optimized for estimating building impervious areas (BIA) for hydrologic purposes and can be used with standard GIS software to identify building roofs under tall, thick canopy. Accuracy assessment methods are presented that can optimize model performance for modeling BIA within the geographic units of observation for hydrologic applications. The Building Extraction from LiDAR Last Returns (BELLR) model, a 2.5D rule-based GIS model, uses a non-spatial, local vertical difference filter (VDF) on LiDAR point-cloud data to automatically identify and map building footprints. The model includes an absolute difference in elevation (AdE) parameter in the VDF that compares the difference between mean and modal elevations of last-returns in each cell.

The BELLR model is calibrated for an extensive inner-city, highly urbanized small watershed in Columbia, South Carolina, USA that is covered by tall, thick vegetation canopy that obscures many buildings. The calibration of BELLR used a set of building locations compiled by photo-analysts, and validation used independent building reference data. The model is applied to two residential neighborhoods, one of which is a residential area within the primary watershed and the other is a younger suburban neighborhood with a less-well developed tree canopy used as a validation site. Performance results indicate that the BELLR model is highly sensitive to concavity in the lasboundary tool of LAStools® and those settings are highly site specific. The model is also sensitive to cell size and the AdE threshold values. However, properly calibrated the BIA for the two residential sites could be estimated within 1% error for optimized experiments.

To examine results in a hydrologic application, the BELLR estimated BIAs were tested using two different types of hydrologic models to compare BELLR results with results using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011 Percent Developed Imperviousness data. The BELLR BIA values provide more accurate results than the use of the 2011 NLCD PIA data in both models. The VDF developed in this study to map buildings could be applied to LiDAR point-cloud filtering algorithms for feature extraction in machine learning or mapping other planar surfaces in more broad-based land-cover classifications.  相似文献   

海洋微藻后棘藻脂肪酸遗传率的研究     

徐年军  张学成  范晓  韩丽君 《海洋科学》2002,26(1):43-45

以海洋微藻后棘藻（Ellipsoidion sp.)为材料，利用数量遗传学手段研究了9个品系的脂肪酸的遗传率。研究表明后棘藻脂肪酸含量变化较在，遗传率较低。棕榈酸（16:10）遗传率最高，为0.49。肉豆蔻酸（14:0）的遗传率最低，为0.15.EPA(20:5w3）遗传率较低，为0.19。这表明环境因子可以较大地影响后棘藻EPA的含量，利用生态调控可以有效地提高藻体EPA的含量。  相似文献