清华大学CIESM模式及其参与CMIP6的方案     

林岩銮  黄小猛  梁逸爽  秦怡  徐世明  黄文誉  徐芳华  刘利  王勇  彭怡然  王兰宁  薛巍  付昊桓  张广俊  王斌  李锐喆  张诚  卢麾  阳坤  罗勇  白玉琪  宋振亚  王敏琦  赵文婕  张峰  徐敬蘅  赵曦  陆春松  骆亦其  陈奕兆  胡勇  唐强  陈德训  杨广文  宫鹏 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):545-550

世界气候研究计划（WCRP）组织实施第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6),清华大学联合国内多家单位,通过多年的模式研发,完成联合地球系统模式（CIESM),除了CMIP6的气候诊断、评估和描述试验（DECK）和历史气候模拟试验（Historical),模式拟参与6个CMIP6子计划。通过介绍该模式的基本情况及其参与的试验子计划,为今后模式试验数据使用者提供参考。  相似文献   

四川盆地裂陷槽研究新进展——关于裂陷槽成因机制与形成时间的探讨     

刘静江  刘慧荣  李文皓  谢武仁  姜华  苏旺  李文正  石书缘  翟秀芬  马石玉 《地质论评》2021,67(2):67030013-67030013

最新钻井和地震资料研究表明,四川盆地裂陷槽内大部分地区缺失震旦系（埃辿卡拉系）灯影组灯四段、灯三段及灯二段上部地层,灯二段仅残留富藻层及以下地层,震旦系地层具有环状剥蚀特征;残留的灯二段岩性主要为泥粉晶白云岩、藻纹层白云岩、藻格架白云岩、雪花状构造白云岩及砂砾屑白云岩,局部层段葡萄花边构造发育,沉积相属于典型的局限台地,沉积特征与盆地内其它地区灯影组沉积特征相同,表明在震旦纪四川盆地碳酸盐台地内部并没有明显的构造分异。本文从地层、沉积特征及构造动力机制方面提出了四川盆地裂陷槽成因的解释意见,认为震旦系内部的裂陷槽形成于震旦系沉积之后,其成因可能与地幔柱拱升—地层剥蚀—地幔柱塌陷再沉降有关。  相似文献   

Redefining the limit dates for the Maunder Minimum     

《New Astronomy》2015

The Maunder Minimum corresponds to a prolonged minimum of solar activity a phenomenon that is of particular interest to many branches of natural and social sciences commonly considered to extend from 1645 until 1715. However, our knowledge of past solar activity has improved significantly in recent years and, thus, more precise dates for the onset and termination of this particularly episode of our Sun can be established. Based on the simultaneous analysis of distinct proxies we propose a redefinition of the Maunder Minimum period with the core “Deep Maunder Minimum” spanning from 1645 to 1700 (that corresponds to the Grand Minimum state) and a wider “Extended Maunder Minimum” for the longer period 1618–1723 that includes the transition periods.  相似文献   

射电日像仪灵敏度测量     

陈林杰  王威  颜毅华  耿立红  陈志军 《天文研究与技术》2015,(3)

灵敏度是射电望远镜的一个重要性能指标,它反映了望远镜监测弱信号的能力。基于明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph,MUSER)的调试观测,给出了日像仪灵敏度的测量方法,对天线系统以及整个阵列的灵敏度进行测量分析,得到了日像仪系统整体的灵敏度性能参数。测量同时给出了天线系统的效率以及接收机系统的增益,这将为下一步日像仪展开常规的科学观测提供参考。  相似文献   

Control of chaos in the vicinity of the Earth‐Moon L5 Lagrangian point to keep a spacecraft in orbit     

J. Slíz  . Süli  T. Kovcs 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2015,336(1):23-31

The concept of Space Manifold Dynamics is a new method of space research. We have applied it along with the basic idea of the method of Ott, Grebogi, and York (OGY method) to stabilize the motion of a spacecraft around the triangular Lagrange point L₅ of the Earth‐Moon system. We have determined the escape rate of the trajectories in the general three‐ and four‐body problem and estimated the average lifetime of the particles. Integrating the two models we mapped in detail the phase space around the L₅ point of the Earth‐Moon system. Using the phase space portrait our next goal was to apply a modified OGY method to keep a spacecraft close to the vicinity of L₅. We modified the equation of motions with the addition of a time dependent force to the motion of the spacecraft. In our orbit‐keeping procedure there are three free parameters: (i) the magnitude of the thrust, (ii) the start time, and (iii) the length of the control. Based on our numerical experiments we were able to determine possible values for these parameters and successfully apply a control phase to a spacecraft to keep it on orbit around L₅. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Remote sensing for mapping natural habitats and their conservation status – New opportunities and challenges     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Safeguarding the diversity of natural and semi-natural habitats in Europe is one of the aims set out by the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) and one of the targets of the European 2020 Biodiversity Strategy, and is to be accomplished by maintaining a favourable conservation status. To reach this aim a high-level understanding of the distribution and conditions of these habitats is needed. Remote sensing can considerably contribute to habitat mapping and their observation over time. Several European projects and a large number of scientific studies have addressed the issue of mapping and monitoring natural habitats via remote sensing and the deriving of indicators on their conservation status. The multitude of utilized remote sensing sensors and applied methods used in these studies, however, impede a common understanding of what is achievable with current state-of-the-art technologies. The aim of this paper is to provide a synthesis on what is currently feasible in terms of detection and monitoring of natural and semi-natural habitats with remote sensing. To focus this endeavour, we concentrate on those studies aimed at direct mapping of individual habitat types or discriminating between different types of habitats occurring in relatively large, spatially contiguous units. By this we uncover the potential of remote sensing to better understand the distribution of habitats and the assessment of their conservation status in Europe.  相似文献   

Earth2014: 1 arc-min shape,topography, bedrock and ice-sheet models – Available as gridded data and degree-10,800 spherical harmonics     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Since the release of the ETOPO1 global Earth topography model through the US NOAA in 2009, new or significantly improved topographic data sets have become available over Antarctica, Greenland and parts of the oceans. Here, we present a suite of new 1′ (arc-min) models of Earth’s topography, bedrock and ice-sheets constructed as a composite from up-to-date topography models: Earth2014. Our model suite relies on SRTM30_PLUS v9 bathymetry for the base layer, merged with SRTM v4.1 topography over the continents, Bedmap2 over Antarctica and the new Greenland bedrock topography (GBT v3). As such, Earth2014 provides substantially improved information of bedrock and topography over Earth’s major ice sheets, and more recent bathymetric depth data over the oceans, all merged into readily usable global grids. To satisfy multiple applications of global elevation data, Earth2014 provides different representations of Earth’s relief. These are grids of (1) the physical surface, (2) bedrock (Earth’s relief without water and ice masses), (3) bedrock and ice (Earth without water masses), (4) ice sheet thicknesses, (5) rock-equivalent topography (ice and water masses condensed to layers of rock) as mass representation. These models have been transformed into ultra-high degree spherical harmonics, yielding degree 10,800 series expansions of the Earth2014 grids as input for spectral modelling techniques. As further variants, planetary shape models were constructed, providing distances between relief points and the geocenter. The paper describes the input data sets, the development procedures applied, the resulting gridded and spectral representations of Earth2014, external validation results and possible applications. The Earth2014 model suite is freely available via http://ddfe.curtin.edu.au/models/Earth2014/.  相似文献   

Impact of the spatial resolution of climatic data and soil physical properties on regional corn yield predictions using the STICS crop model     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

The assimilation of Earth observation (EO) data into crop models has proven to be an efficient way to improve yield prediction at a regional scale by estimating key unknown crop management practices. However, the efficiency of prediction depends on the uncertainty associated with the data provided to crop models, particularly climatic data and soil physical properties. In this study, the performance of the STICS (Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) crop model for predicting corn yield after assimilation of leaf area index derived from EO data was evaluated under different scenarios. The scenarios were designed to examine the impact of using fine-resolution soil physical properties, as well as the impact of using climatic data from either one or four weather stations across the region of interest. The results indicate that when only one weather station was used, the average annual yield by producer was predicted well (absolute error <5%), but the spatial variability lacked accuracy (root mean square error = 1.3 t ha⁻¹). The model root mean square error for yield prediction was highly correlated with the distance between the weather stations and the fields, for distances smaller than 10 km, and reached 0.5 t ha⁻¹ for a 5-km distance when fine-resolution soil properties were used. When four weather stations were used, no significant improvement in model performance was observed. This was because of a marginal decrease (30%) in the average distance between fields and weather stations (from 10 to 7 km). However, the yield predictions were improved by approximately 15% with fine-resolution soil properties regardless of the number of weather stations used. The impact of the uncertainty associated with the EO-derived soil textures and the impact of alterations in rainfall distribution were also evaluated. A variation of about 10% in any of the soil physical textures resulted in a change in dry yield of 0.4 t ha⁻¹. Changes in rainfall distribution between two abundant rainfalls during the growing season led to a significant change in yield (0.5 t ha⁻¹ on average). Our results highlight the importance of using fine-resolution gridded daily precipitation data to capture spatial variations of rainfall as well as using fine-resolution soil properties instead of coarse-resolution soil properties from the Canadian soil dataset, especially for regions with high pedodiversity.  相似文献   

航空重力梯度数据的模拟研究     

李伟  章传银  张德成  李兵  于男 《测绘科学》2015,40(5)

针对提高模拟航空重力梯度的精度研究不足的现状,文章运用地球重力场模型构建了计算单点的扰动重力梯度分量的数学模型,推导了Legendre函数及其导数的无奇异性递推计算公式,克服了计算高阶次Legendre函数Pnm(cosθ)的下溢问题,随之对数学模型进行优化;最后利用EGM2008地球位模型模拟生成4km飞行高度处的扰动重力梯度张量作为航空重力梯度观测值。模拟试算表明,该模型能够满足当前航空重力梯度测量的精度要求。  相似文献   

地球圈层相互作用中的深海过程和深海记录（I）：研究进展与成果   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

汪品先  翦知湣  刘志飞 《地球科学进展》2006,21(4):331-337

由五大系统11个实验室组成的项目组,2000—2005年开展了以“地球圈层相互作用”为主题的深海基础研究。项目以“热带碳循环”作为核心问题,依靠国际大洋钻探和国内“大洋专项”两大支柱,对西太平洋暖池和南海等海区进行深海过程和深海记录的研究,已圆满完成计划任务。一方面在南海大洋钻探的基础上,围绕热带海洋在地球系统中的作用向纵深发展,在“热带碳循环”研究中取得了原创性的成果;另一方面依托国内大洋专项和国内外合作航次,在深海研究和圈层相互作用上朝横向发展,取得了一系列国际性成果,在我国形成了与国际接轨的深海研究力量。对该项目的设计和进展做了简单而又全面的阐述,对于古环境研究中取得的突破性进展将另有续篇介绍。  相似文献