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21.
ABSTRACT A process‐based facies model for asymmetric wave‐influenced deltas predicts significant river‐borne muds with potentially lower quality reservoir facies in prodelta and downdrift areas, and better quality sand in updrift areas. Many ancient barrier‐lagoon systems and ‘offshore bars’ may be better reinterpreted as components of large‐scale asymmetric wave‐influenced deltaic systems. The proposed model is based on a re‐evaluation of several modern examples. An asymmetry index A is defined as the ratio between the net longshore transport rate at the mouth (in m3 year?1) and river discharge (in 106 m3 month?1). Symmetry is favoured in deltas with an index below ≈ 200 (e.g. Tiber, lobes of the Godavari delta, Rosetta lobe of the Nile, Ebro), whereas deltas with a higher index are asymmetric (e.g. Danube – Sf. Gheorghe lobe, Brazos, Damietta lobe of the Nile). Periodic deflection of the river mouth for significant distances in the downdrift direction occurs in extreme cases of littoral drift dominance (e.g. Mahanadi), resulting in a series of randomly distributed, quasi‐parallel series of sand spits and channel fills. Asymmetric deltas show variable proportions of river‐, wave‐ and tide‐dominated facies both among and within their lobes. Bayhead deltas, lagoons and barrier islands form naturally in prograding asymmetric deltas and are not necessarily associated with transgressive systems. This complexity underlines the necessity of interpreting ancient depositional systems in a larger palaeogeographic context. 相似文献
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利用闪电电场变化仪对空中人工引发雷电引起的电场变化进行了两站同步观测,并结合高时间分辨率的光学观测资料的分析研究,揭示了一次空中引发雷电先导物理过程的特征. 当携带金属导线的火箭上升到几百米高度时,在金属导线的上端和下端激发产生了一个双向传输的先导,当向下的负先导接近地面时,一个向上的正连接先导由地面激发,正负先导的平均传播速度为0.86×105m/s,随着向下负先导的接地,将产生一个小回击过程,而由金属导线上端激发的向上正先导的传播速度为1.1×105m/s. 相似文献
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岩矿石吸收系数是钻孔电磁波法解决地质问题的重要的物性参数。岩矿石有无吸收系数的差异,是开展钻孔电磁波法能否奏效的前提.了解岩矿石的吸收系数可对钻孔电磁波法的透距和分辨力作出估计,并可为钻孔电磁波的反演解释提供重要的依据.本文不但给出了岩矿石吸收系数的计算方法,也给出了室内岩矿石标本吸收系数的测定方法和野外实测岩矿石吸收系数的方法。 相似文献
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电吸附找矿方法寻找隐伏金矿床的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
电吸附找矿方法是指对采集的样品在室内特别装置中通电,并用吸附体吸附试样中电运移元素,通过这些元素所形成的异常来发现矿体的一种方法,该方法是依据野外地电提取方法的理论发展起来的,具有设备简单,成本低,工效效率高,工作条件及质量容易控制等优点。 相似文献
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Recent technological advances in current measuring devices has resulted in a large observational database related to wind-driven motions in the upper ocean mixed layer. This has served to highlight the fact that transient motions make up a substantial contribution of the resulting Ekman currents. At the same time, certain discrepancies have emerged between the observed angular deflections of the steady-state currents from the surface wind stress, both at the surface and at sub-surface depths, which cannot be reconciled using the classical Ekman model. This paper seeks to tackle these two issues.First a general analytical method is presented for solving the time dependent horizontal momentum Ekman equations. Analysis of the unsteady terms that arise from simple special cases shows how the evolution proceeds through three stages. At early times, the Coriolis acceleration is insignificant, and the current is unidirectional and deepens through downward diffusion of momentum. Later Coriolis acceleration deflects the current vectors in the upper layers, whilst downward diffusion of momentum continues to deepen the layer. Finally, once diffusion has penetrated down to the depth of the steady-state current, then the transients decay on the inertial or diffusive timescale, depending upon the boundary conditions of the particular problem.In the second half of the paper, a new steady-state model is developed that includes the effects of wind-generated waves, through the action of their Stokes drift on the planetary vorticity. Comparisons between observations and the theoretical predictions, demonstrate that inclusion of the Stokes drift is the key to reconciling the discrepancies in the angular deflections of the steady-state currents. This leads to the conclusion that Ekman layer currents are significantly influenced by the surface waves. 相似文献
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在现有GPS星座和大气球对称假设条件下,利用射线追踪法对掩星事件进行了数值模拟,讨论了大气折射指数垂直分布、LEO卫星轨道倾角和高度对GPS掩星切点水平漂移的影响情况。结果表明:在太阳活动剧烈的白天和夜间两种典型情况下,切点平均水平漂移变化约20 km;对735 km高度的LEO卫星来说,轨道倾角在130°附近时,切点平均水平漂移最小,并随着倾角向0°或180°变化,切点平均水平漂移均增大,但在55°附近时随倾角变化稍有波动;对倾角为70°的LEO卫星来说,当轨道高度从400 km变化到1500 km时,切点平均水平漂移变化约141 km,且随高度增加而单调减小 相似文献
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