3D modelling of near-surface, environmental effects on AEM data     

David Beamish   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2004,56(4):263-280

This study considers the three-dimensional (3D) modelling of compact, at-surface conductive bodies on frequency domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey data. The context is the use of AEM data for environmental and land quality applications. The 3D structures encountered are typically conductive, of limited thickness (<20 m) and form ‘point’ source locations carrying potential environmental risk. The scale of such bodies may generate single-profile, ‘bulls-eye’ anomalies. In attempts to recover geological information, such anomalies may be considered to represent noise. In environmental AEM, the correct interpretation of such features is important. The study uses a combination of theoretical models and trial-fixed-wing survey data obtained in populated areas of the UK. Scale issues are discussed in terms of the volumetric footprints of the induced electric field generated by systems flown at both low and high elevation. One of the primary uses of AEM survey data lies in the assessment of conductivity maps. These are typically obtained using one-dimensional (1D) conductivity models at individual measurement points. In order to investigate the limitations of this approach, 3D modelling of conductive structures with dimensions less than 350×350 m and thicknesses extending to 20 m has been carried out. A 1D half space inversion of the data obtained at each frequency is then used to assess the behaviour of the spatial information. The results demonstrate that half space conductivity values obtained over compact 3D targets generally provide only apparent conductivity results. For thin, at-surface bodies, conductivity values are biased to lower values than the true conductivity except at high frequency. The spatial perturbation to both coupling ratios and 1D conductivity models can be laterally extensive. The results from 3D modelling indicate that the use of horizontal derivatives applied to the conductivity models offers enhanced edge detection. The practical application of such derivatives to both regional- and local-scale survey data is presented.. The special case of a near-surface, metallic pipeline has been modelled. The problem constitutes an inductive limit (current gathering) response in which the perturbation is largely confined to the in-phase coupling ratios. The main perturbations, in data and conductivity models, are within about 40 m of each side of the pipeline. The maximum perturbation to the conductivity model is only a factor of 1.5 above background. Detailed survey data across a former compact landfill (about 100×100 m) are used to compare the model behaviour predicted by the 3D modelling with survey results. The survey, conducted at two separate altitudes, provides a demonstration of 3D effects on 1D survey models as a function of frequency and elevation. Although the nature of the landfill materials and their location are not known precisely, the mapping information appears realistic.  相似文献   

电磁辐射对台湾强震的反应     

王玫玲  郑小菁 《福建地震》2002,(3)

本文通过对 1 999年 9月 2 1日台湾南投 7 6级强震前电磁辐射变化特征的分析 ,进一步探讨了电磁辐射在短临预报中的作用 ,同时给出了初步判断震中位置的方法  相似文献   

Sources of anomalous transient electric signals (ATESs) in the ULF band in the Lamia region (central Greece): electrochemical mechanisms for their generation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. -N. Pham  D. Boyer  G. Chouliaras  A. Savvaidis  G. Stavrakakis  J. -L. Le Mouël 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2002,130(3-4):209-233

Anomalous transient electric signals (ATESs) in the ultra low frequency (ULF) band have been often observed during magnetotelluric (MT) investigations [Nature 319 (1986) 310; Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 114 (1999) 141; Geophys. J. Int. 142 (2000) 948], but their origin was unknown until now. They have the same characteristics as the so-called seismic electric signals (SES) claimed to be earthquake precursors by the VAN group (e.g. [Tectonophysics 110 (1984) 73] and later works by this group). Our analysis suggests that the so-called SES could be of anthropic origin. Following the devastating 7 September 1999 Athens earthquake, the VAN group claimed that a SES had been recorded at LAM station (Lamia, central Greece) some days prior to the main shock and that a second SES, which might correspond to an impending even larger earthquake, had been observed after the main shock. In the 2 years after the Athens main shock, no subsequent large earthquakes have occurred near Athens. We conducted a campaign of measurement in the Lamia region in May and June 2001. The results show that ATESs, which look like SES, have several different sources: pump-stations for ground-water, high power electric lines, and factories located to the SE of Lamia city. The ATESs can be generated by two electrochemical mechanisms of metallic electrode polarization: the “galvanic cell” and the “ac electrolytic cell” which are studied by simulated field experiments and discussed in detail in Appendix A. These two mechanisms can occur over a wide range of length scales in the field. Any isolation failure in buried metallic conductors, such as electrical and telecommunication networks, oil, water and gas pipes, railways, high power electric lines, factories and so on, can produce a galvanic cell or an ac electrolytic cell, or both, which could generate, under some circumstances, an “overvoltage”, the ATES. Finally, the absence of a magnetic signal has been observed during ATES and does not constitute a firm criterion for SES [Acta Geophys. Pol. 44 (1996b) 301]. Thus, great care must be taken when claiming the existence of electric precursors of seismic or volcanic events.  相似文献   

Transient ULF Electric and magnetic fields of an electrical current source in a medium with continuously varying conductivity     

Shogo Kozaki 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(3):607-622

Recent analytical studies of ULF electromagnetic fields in the atmosphere are reviewed. These fields have their origin in the discharge of thunderclouds. The problem for a vertical electrical dipole source played in an atmosphere where the conductivity increases exponentially with altitude is described. The analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field, which vary in time and space, are approximately obtained by a vector potential. It is seen that the amplitudes of the pulse decrease with both increases of the horizontal distance and the gradient of the conductivity. However, the shapes of the pulse are almost constant.On leave from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Gumma University Kiryu, 376, Japan  相似文献   

A Grid-Spectral Method of the Solution of the 3D Kinematic Geodynamo with the Inner Core     

Hejda  P.  Reshetnyak  M. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1999,43(3):319-325

A 3D kinematic geodynamo model in a sphere with the conductive solid inner core is considered. The 3D magnetic field and velocity field are resolved in the physical space for r- and -coordinates, whereas the sin- and cos-decomposition is applied to the -coordinate. The additional boundary conditions for the case of non-zero velocity field on the boundaries of the liquid spherical shell and for different magnetic diffusivities of the inner and outer core are applied. The computer code was tested by free decay mode solutions and comparisons were made also with results reported by other authors. This work is a part of a project to study 3D inviscid geodynamo models.  相似文献   

Application of the exact image theory to studies of ground effects of space weather   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. J. Hänninen  R. J. Pirjola  I. V. Lindell 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,151(2):534-542

  相似文献   

Group theoretic reduction of the electromagnetic impedance matrix for large-contrast symmetric prisms in a layered earth     

Alan C. Tripp 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,133(1):127-147

Calculation using integral equations of the electromagnetic response of a geologic body which is much more conductive than the surrounding media requires the use of both current pulse and current tube basis functions. The impedance matrices for such cases can be large and expensive to form, factor, and solve. However, if the surrounding media is layered and the scatterer is symmetric under symmetry operations which preserve the depth of transformed points, then we can apply group representation theory to drastically reduce storage and computation requirements. I discuss this application of group representation theory in detail, using the symmetry groupC ₂ for purposes of illustration. In a sample calculation for a body which is invariant under the symmetry operations of the groupC ₂ , storage was reduced by a factor of 4, matrix formation time was reduced by a factor of 2, and the sum of matrix factorization and solution times was reduced by a factor of 10.  相似文献   

甘肃金昌金川镍矿SEP系统与国外仪器比对试验          下载免费PDF全文

底青云 《地球物理学报》2015,58(10):3845-3854

地面电磁探测(SEP)系统在辽宁兴城杨家杖子矿与国外高端仪器对比试验中取得了不错效果.为了检验地面电磁探测(SEP)系统各组成部分在强干扰区中的性能及可靠性,以及由SEP系统各组成部分集成的整体系统的野外实际工作能力,继续在甘肃金川镍矿区,在强干扰背景下开展了与国外先进仪器的比对试验.利用SEP系统和国际高端著名商业仪器系统,通过不同发射机原始曲线、不同接收机原始曲线、反演剖面的对比,表明二者数据一致性较好,SEP系统的抗干扰能力已经和国际先进仪器相当,已经能够胜任各种复杂的勘探任务.  相似文献   

瞬变电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用综述   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

张保祥  刘春华 《地球物理学进展》2004,19(3):537-542

水是地球上最重要的天然资源,供人类需要的淡水有95％以上取自地下水,地下水在人类经济活动中发挥着重要的作用．传统的地球物理方法在地下水勘查工作中得到应用的同时,新的更先进的物探方法不断涌现．近年来,瞬变电磁法在国内外的应用得到迅速发展,在地下水勘查领域的应用也得到拓展．与其它电探方法相比,利用瞬变电磁法进行地下水勘查具有明显优势。  相似文献   

天祝电磁波地震前异常信息变化初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牛继荣  张环  张富芳 《高原地震》2004,16(3):42-46

重点分析了天祝电磁波观测资料在5次Ms>4 0级地震前的异常特征。通过总结分析认为,天祝电磁波在震前10～15天出现较明显的短临前兆信息,如日均值剧增,出现大幅度上升、突跳等变化,这些分析研究结果曾在省、市地震前兆和短临预报中发挥了较好的作用。  相似文献