Beach tar accumulation, transport mechanisms, and sources of variability at Coal Oil Point, California     

Del Sontro TS  Leifer I  Luyendyk BP  Broitman BR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1461-1471

A new field method for tar quantification was used at Coal Oil Point (COP), California to study the mechanisms transporting oil/tar from the nearby COP natural marine hydrocarbon seep field. This method segregates tar pieces into six size classes and assigns them an average mass based on laboratory or direct field measurements. Tar accumulation on the 19,927m(2) survey area was well resolved spatially by recording tar mass along twelve transects segmented into 4-m(2) blocks and then integrating over the survey area. A seasonal trend was apparent in total tar in which summer accumulations were an order of magnitude higher than winter accumulations. Based on multiple regression analyses between environmental data and tar accumulation, 34% of tar variability is explained by a combination of onshore advection via wind and low swell height inhibiting slick dispersion.  相似文献   

长江中下游庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区深部结构与成矿作用   总被引：32，自引：16，他引：16  

董树文  项怀顺  高锐  吕庆田  李建设  战双庆  卢占武  马立成 《岩石学报》2010,26(9):2529-2542

为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江-枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地和铁、硫矿集区深部构造和地壳结构,探讨成矿深部控制条件,作者完成了穿越火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面(150km,记录30s)和罗河铁矿区浅层高分辨反射地震剖面(20km),以及平行剖面的大地电磁、高精度重磁剖面,揭示了矿集区全地壳精细结构和电磁结构,同时开展区域构造测量和火山岩年代学研究,获得了新的认识。证实"耳状"的庐-枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东侧发育的非对称火山盆地,排除了另一半被断在西侧红层之下的判断;罗河断裂是一条切穿MOHO的深断裂,倾向南东,是引导地幔流体和岩浆上涌和喷发的通道,在中地壳形成岩浆房(反射亮斑);鉴别出多层界面,火山岩-侏罗系厚度约4～5km(其中火山岩厚度约3km),三叠系-震旦系变形层底界深度大致18～20km,变质基底组成中下地壳,MOHO平缓向北西倾,深度33～31km;追踪郯-庐断裂带的深部产状,陡立延伸到MOHO,宽约10km。从而揭示了早白垩系(132～127Ma)庐-枞火山岩矿集区深部过程与成矿、控矿作用。  相似文献   

基于 LandSat影像的近30年湛江东北海岸线变迁分析          下载免费PDF全文

程阳艳  付东洋  祁雅莉  李志强  刘贝  余果  何露雪 《海洋科学进展》2022,40(2):261-273

利用1958—2020年实测地形数据与长江入海水沙数据,分析长江口南支最大的涨潮槽———新桥水道动力地貌变化及其 驱 动 机 制。结 果 表 明:新 桥 水 道 在 1958—2020 年 间 的 地 貌 演 变 可 以 分 为 3 个 阶 段:第 一 阶 段(1958—1997年)新桥水道受控于径流、潮流的耦合作用而经历“冲刷-淤积”的周期性变化,其中河槽主要展现上、下游迁移及河槽收缩交替等特征;第二阶段(1997—2003年)因1998和1999年大洪水造成新桥水道冲刷,新桥水道河槽向上游拓展延伸,河道拓宽明显;第三阶段(2003—2020年)则受人类活动干预和扁担沙北移及径流、潮流耦合作用,新桥水道向下游迁移束窄,并逐渐形成以河道上段为淤积中心的地貌演化格局。此外,随着东风西沙水库构建,拦蓄了部分应进入新桥水道的水体,致使河槽上段落潮动力减弱而加剧河槽淤积,导致新桥水道进一步淤浅。  相似文献   

Remote sensing-based analysis of the planform changes in the Upper Amazon River over the period 1986–2006     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

An analysis of the planform changes of the Colombian reach of the Amazon River was carried out over a period of 19.9 years. Remote sensing image processing techniques were applied to Landsat images acquired in 1986, 1994, 2001 and, 2006. These images were selected based on minimal daily water level variations, while providing the widest temporal span. Plan view river changes and geomorphologic characteristics were examined to identify which channel pattern classification best represents this large tropical river system. Discharge was also analyzed to determine whether changes in the river's plan view are a direct response to variations in discharge. The system had a depositional tendency between 1986 and 2006, with a period where erosion was more intense than deposition between 1994 and 2001. Percent change in the plan view area of the system (1.4% yr⁻¹) and the maximum migration rates (125 m yr⁻¹) suggest that this reach of the Amazon is less active than reaches upstream and the downstream reach between the confluences of the Jutaí and Japurá Rivers. Variations in discharge appear to be responsible for deposition and erosion dynamics observed after this remote sensing analysis in the Colombian reach of the Amazon River. Characteristics including multiple channels with vegetated islands developed from within-channel deposition, meandering planform, lateral activity of channel margins, and the absence of islands with saucer-like morphology suggest a multichannel, meandering pattern for this reach of the Amazon, that corresponds to a laterally active anabranching river.  相似文献   

“工程测量”实践教学体系的研究与构建     

王安怡  陈昌平  沈璐 《东北测绘》2014,(1):76-78,82

工程测量是港口航道与海岸工程专业技术人员必须掌握的基本技能之一。为解决应用型本科院校工程测量课程的实践教学体系与应用型人才培养目标要求不相适应的问题,从剖析实践教学过程中存在的现实问题出发,结合学校及专业实际情况,以大连海洋大学港口航道与海岸工程专业为例,提出了一套完整的、操作性强、专业特色鲜明的实践教学体系,并取得了一定的教学成果,对于普通高等学校应用型人才的培养具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

航海英语语义探源     

蒋栋元 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(5):84-88

在世界航海过程中 ,人们创造了众多语言词汇 ,丰富了人类语言。英语中也有许多与航海有关的词语 ,它们语义的产生有其特定的背景 ,在使用过程中被赋予新的含义 ,至今广泛使用。  相似文献   

山西省地热资源规律及其地质背景研究     

李壮 《地质与勘探》2023,59(2):353-376

中国大陆蕴藏丰富的地热资源,山西省局部地热异常特征明显。通过收集山西省典型地热区域流体数据,选取典型钻孔分析,探讨并总结山西省地热资源赋存规律和成因机制,为后期地热资源勘探及开发利用提供重要参考依据。通过分析研究结果得出以下几点认识：山西省水热型地热储层水温分布在28～78℃,北部以太古代花岗片麻岩为主,中部以古生代灰岩为主,南部以古生代碳酸盐岩为主;北部热源主要来自花岗岩中放射性元素衰变产生热量,中部和南部热源受地幔上隆及岩浆活动影响;省内深大断裂构成地下热水运移通道,热传导性较好;第四纪和第三纪松散层为省内地热良好的保温盖层,岩性以粘土、砂质粘土及砂层为主。结合前人水文地球化学研究成果,认为山西省地热水pH值呈弱碱性,其中Sr、Li、SiO₂与Cl大体上存在正相关关系,大部分地热水氚含量小于1TU,水源主要为大气降水补给,部分地热田出现δ¹⁸O漂移,氧同位素交换作用显著。  相似文献   

曲流河扇相模式及应用     

张金亮 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022010017-2022010017

分支河流体系的讨论有助于促进各类冲积体系的分类学研究,并可促进源—汇体系分析的定量化。博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈（Okavango）曲流河扇是分支河流体系的典型代表,具有独特的沉积学、水文学和地貌学特征,主要特点如下：①河道形态属于单线曲流河道向下游分叉型,顺流方向产生弯度不一的分支河道网络,从顶点向下游方向,河道呈放射状,由河谷内的限制性河道变为盆地内的非限制性河道;②顺斜坡向下,河道分叉作用增强,河道的尺度和规模减小,受物源控制,无论是曲流河道还是低弯度河道,皆为砂质载荷,河道宽度、水体深度和沉积物粒度虽有系统变化但不显著,且在极低的坡度控制下,随着流量的减少,河道由曲流河逐渐变为低弯度河,河道形态转化的主要影响因素是坡度、流量、沉积物粒级和河岸强度;③根据湿地和河道分布特征,可将扇体划分为补给河谷、近源扇、中部扇和远端扇4个亚环境：补给河谷以单线曲流带和不同规模的迂回坝发育为特征,近源扇主要为泥炭限制的分支河道和河间沼泽沉积,中部扇主要为曲流河和低弯度河沉积,沼泽减少,漫滩增加,远端扇为宽浅型的非限定性河道,以沙岛林地之间的漫滩沉积为主;④沉积物主要为未固结的石英砂,主要来源于卡拉哈里盆地近代风成沉积,砂质纯净,分选和磨圆俱佳,缺乏细粒杂基,粒间细粒组分主要为生物成因的硅藻、植硅石和有机物质,亦见有方解石和二氧化硅胶结物。  对现代曲流河扇体系进行调查的重要目的就是研究地下类似沉积体系的分布。通过对我国大型含油气盆地相关“内陆三角洲”沉积特征和沉积规律的重新认识,可为油气资源的勘探开发提供预测模式。鄂尔多斯盆地山西组沉积时期,沉积作用受盆地北缘物源控制,来自北部物源的碎屑物质在宽阔的湿地平原上发育了多套分支河流沉积体系,主要为曲流河扇沉积体系。顺着沉积斜坡向下,河道的尺度和规模减小,沉积物粒度变细,煤层和暗色泥岩厚度变小,缺乏明显的三角洲前缘沉积环境及稳定的前三角洲深水相。沉积组合主要表现为分支河道砂岩、漫岸细粒沉积与湿地泥岩及薄煤层的互层,为大气田的形成奠定了沉积基础。  相似文献   

Channel geometry,bed material,and inferred flow conditions in ephemeral stream systems,barrier range,western N.S.W. Australia     

D. L. Dunkerley 《水文研究》1992,6(4):417-433

Streams draining the Barrier Range uplands in arid western N.S.W. are ephemeral and undergo rapid channel contraction away from the uplands as a consequence of transmission loss. These processes are documented on the basis of surveys of channel form and bed material at sequential sites located along the contracting lowland reaches of two representative streams. Channel width and depth display considerable fluctuation downstream, but cross-sectional area and maximum bed surface grain size decline in a very regular manner. Flood discharge, estimated from the channel capacity and predicted critical and mean flow velocities, also declines regularly. the trends are well fitted by log-linear models, and are reported in terms of a half-distance, the channel length in km over which the value of a morphometric parameter declines by 50 per cent. Rates of channel contraction and transmission loss are inferred to be inversely proportional to the volume of flow delivered from the upland section of the drainage basin. Unusual channel characteristics, including extensive tree growth in the bed, make application of ordinary flow equations difficult, because friction factors cannot be estimated with confidence. Systematic changes in the nature of the bed surface in contracting streams such as those studied here also have implications for the application of critical velocity equations, and highlight a need for further study of desert channels.  相似文献   

One-Equation Turbulence Modelling for Atmospheric and Engineering Applications     

Venetsanos  A. G.  Bartzis  J. G.  Andronopoulos  S. 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,113(3):321-346

A new algebraic turbulent length scale model is developed, based on previous one-equation turbulence modelling experience in atmospheric flow and dispersion calculations. The model is applied to the neutral Ekman layer, as well as to fully-developed pipe and channel flows. For the pipe and channel flows examined the present model results can be considered as nearly equivalent to the results obtained using the standard k– model. For the neutral Ekman layer, the model predicts satisfactorily the near-neutral Cabauw friction velocities and a dependence of the drag coefficient versus Rossby number very close to that derived from published (G. N. Coleman) direct numerical simulations. The model underestimates the Cabauw cross-isobaric angles, but to a less degree than the cross-isobar angle versus Rossby dependence derived from the Coleman simulation. Finally, for the Cabauw data, with a geostrophic wind magnitude of 10 ms^–1, the model predicts an eddy diffusivity distribution in good agreement with semi-empirical distributions used in current operational practice.  相似文献