Developments in the characterisation of waste materials for environmental impact assessment purposes     

H.A. van der Sloot  J.C.L. Meeussen  A. van Zomeren  D.S. Kosson 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):72

The characterisation of waste is entering a new phase with the latest developments of characterisation leaching tests and associated modelling capabilities. The currently applied too simple testing approaches lead to poor choices in waste management. With the increased insight in release controlling processes chemical speciation aspects can be addressed even in the most complex and heterogeneous waste materials. From a composition perspective materials may be highly variable, but often materials are far more consistent in their leaching behaviour. This aspect should be exploited more extensively as it holds the key to treat waste materials in such a way that long term solutions are achieved rather than reaching temporary gains.  相似文献   

Phytoliths as indicators of pedogenesis and paleoenvironmental changes in the Brazilian cerrado     

Miriam Borba-Roschel  Anne Alexandre  Anglica Fortes Drummond Chicarino Varajo  Jean Dominique Meunier  Csar Augusto Chicarino Varajo  Fabrice Colin 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):172

This paper presents the preliminary results of phytolith analyses of a peat located in the cerrado of the Uberaba municipality, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The phytolith soil sequence is discussed by comparison with phytolith assemblages extracted from dominant plants (Cyperaceae and Poaceae). Increasing mean age of phytolith assemblages with depth is assumed. Poaceae Cuneiform bulliform cell, Parallelepiped bulliform cell and Elongate smooth long cell types dominate up to 80 cm, rapidly drop to 42% at 80 cm and regularly decrease from 42% to 2% upwards. Cyperaceae Rondel concave type shows the inverse trend, being dominant in the upper part of the profile. This pattern can be assigned to increasing selective dissolution of the Cyperaceae phytolith type with depth, or/and to a decrease of water stress suffered by the grasses, leading to a decrease of bulliform cell silicification. Soil processes and paleo-environmental changes hypotheses are discussed.  相似文献   

均匀设计在室内大型注浆试验研究中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨坪  陈安 《探矿工程》2006,33(3):9-11

介绍了均匀设计试验方法的特点及优越性，利用试验点在试验范围内的均匀分布，能大大减少试验次数且获得较好的试验效果。将均匀设计方法引入到注浆试验研究中，并对试验进行了详细设计，实践表明，均匀设计试验法是一种有效、可靠的试验设计方法。  相似文献   

山丘型地区钉螺孳生数量与植被和土壤环境因子的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蒋俊明  何亚平  费世民  黄玲玲  陈秀明  张旭东  徐嘉  何飞 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(4):33-39

本文研究了四川仁寿山丘型地区钉螺孳生与植被和环境因素的关系。结果表明:(1)草本群落物种丰富度、草本盖度、草本高度影响钉螺的孳生数量,钉螺分布适宜的草本群落的物种丰富度为4～14,草本群落盖度为60%～100%,高度为20～50cm;(2)土壤水分含量、温度和盐分均影响钉螺的孳生数量,钉螺分布最适宜的土壤水分含量为20%～60%,温度为15～30℃,盐分为60～120ms/m;(3)各环境因子和钉螺密度曲线可以看出,物种丰富度、草本高度、草本盖度、土壤水分含量、土壤温度和盐分含量与钉螺密度间均呈现抛物线或抛物线状曲线;(4)在样地和样方水平,土壤水分含量和钉螺密度存在稳定的线性相关关系,表明土壤水分含量是影响钉螺孳生的主导因素。因此,钉螺对各环境因素存在适应范围,表明钉螺对潮湿环境具有严格的选择性和依赖性,这种生态特性和钉螺本身的生物学特征密切相连。  相似文献   

Magnitudes, spatial scales and processes of environmental antimony mobility from orogenic gold–antimony mineral deposits, Australasia     

P. M. Ashley  D. Craw  M. K. Tighe  N. J. Wilson 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(4):499-507

Antimony (Sb) is strongly concentrated into hydrothermal mineral deposits, commonly with gold, in metasedimentary sequences around the Pacific Rim. These deposits represent potential point sources for Sb in the downstream environment, particularly when mines are developed. This study documents the magnitude and scale of Sb mobility near some mineral deposits in Australia and New Zealand. Two examples of New Zealand historic mining areas demonstrate that natural groundwater dissolution of Sb from mineral deposits dominates the Sb load in drainage waters, with Sb concentrations between 3 and 24 μg/L in major streams. Mine-related discharges can exceed 200 μg/L Sb, but volumes are small. Sb flux in principal stream waters is ca 1–14 mg/s, compared to mine tunnel fluxes of ca 0.001 mg/s. Dissolved Sb is strongly attenuated near some mine tunnels by adsorption on to iron oxyhydroxide precipitates. Similar Sb mobilisation and attenuation processes are occurring downstream of the historic/active Hillgrove antimony–gold mine of New South Wales, Australia, but historic discharges of Sb-bearing debris has resulted in elevated Sb levels in stream sediments (ca 10–100⁺ mg/kg) and riparian plants (up to 100 mg/kg) for ca 300 km downstream. Dissolution of Sb from these sediments ensures that river waters have elevated Sb (ca 10–1,000 μg/L) over that distance. Total Sb flux reaching the Pacific Ocean from the Hillgrove area is ca 8 tonnes/year, of which 7 tonnes/year is particulate and 1 tonne/year is dissolved.  相似文献   

南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp．S-15-13产胞外多糖的研究及其分子鉴定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李江  陈靠山  林学政  李光友 《极地研究》2006,17(2):130-135

本文对影响南极细菌S-15-13生长和胞外多糖产量的主要环境因子进行了研究,同时采用16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育分析方法对其进行了分子鉴定。结果表明：菌株S-15-13最佳产糖条件为：培养时间,56h；培养温度,8℃；碳源,1．0%葡萄糖；NaCl浓度,3．0%；pH,6．0-7．0。16S rDNA序列分析和系统发育分析表明,菌株S-15-13属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoaltero- monas)。  相似文献   

Canada's environmental farm plans: transatlantic perspectives on agri-environmental schemes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GUY M ROBINSON 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):206-218

Evaluation of Ontario's Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) scheme, launched in 1993, provides an opportunity for comparisons with agri-environmental measures instituted in the European Union and other parts of North America. The EFP has a strong 'bottom-up' dimension in that it is farmers' organizations that have been central both to the scheme's instigation and to its ongoing management. This has affected the nature of the actions taken by individual farmers participating in the scheme. These actions are reviewed, especially in terms of the participants' attitudes towards stewardship of the land, environmental outcomes, cross-compliance measures, barriers to participation and the role of statutory regulation. Some contrasts are drawn with the greater 'top-down' controls exerted in several EU agri-environment schemes, with the latter's promotion of extensification and the changing role of farmers as 'producers of countryside' in a multi-functional agricultural system. The diffusion of EFP schemes throughout Canada is noted and is cited as confirming the maintenance of fundamentally different attitudes to the development of farm-based environmental actions compared with those adopted in the EU.  相似文献   

Deterioration of the volcanic kerb and pavement stones in a humid environment in the city centre of Izmir, Turkey     

A. B. Yavuz 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):211-227

?zmir is the third largest city in Turkey and has being the centre of art, culture, tourism and trade activities throughout the 5,000 years of its history. Natural stones brought from different parts of the world have been widely used for construction of the prestigious buildings, monuments and roads etc., in the past in the city. Renovation of the street pavements and public gathering areas in the city centre has been undertaken by the Metropolitan Municipality in 2000 and continued through the year of 2001. These renovation activities have mainly been carried out in the streets running parallel to the sea shore. Volcanic rocks brought from the Central Anatolia Ankara-Gölba?? (andesites) and Kayseri-?ncesu (tuffs) have been used in the renovation works. These rocks have shown extensive deteriorations within 4 years of their usage between 2001 and 2005 under the influence of different environmental factors. In this study, the deteriorations developed in the recently placed volcanic rocks used as kerb and pavement stones in the city centre of ?zmir in the light of their mineralogical, chemical, physical and mechanical properties, used locations and the environmental factors are presented.  相似文献   

Environmental impacts of bench blasting at Hisarcik Boron open pit mine in Turkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ali Kahriman  Umit Ozer  Mehmet Aksoy  Abdulkadir Karadogan  Gungor Tuncer 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(7):1015-1023

This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements carried out in Hisarcik Boron open pit mine located on the west side of central Anatolia near Kütahya province in Turkey. Within the scope of this study to predict peak particle velocity (PPV) level for this site, ground vibration components were measured for 304 shots during bench blasting. In blasting operations, ANFO (blasting agent), gelatin dynamite (priming), and delay electric detonators (firing) were used as explosives. Parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components were measured for all blast events using two different types of vibration monitors (one White Mini-Seis and one Instantel Minimate Plus Model). The absolute distances between shot points and monitor stations were determined using GPS. The equation of square root scaled distance extensively used in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of PPV. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity obtained from the 565 event records were analyzed statistically. At the end of statistical evaluation of the data pairs, an empirical relation which gives 50% prediction line with a reasonable correlation coefficient was established between PPV and scaled distance.  相似文献   

Environmental and health risk assessment in abandoned mining area, Zlata Idka, Slovakia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Rapant  Z. Dietzová  S. Cicmanová 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):387-397

The Zlata Idka village is a typical mountainous settlement. As a consequence of more than 500 years of mining activity, its environment has been extensively affected by pollution from potentially toxic elements. This paper presents the results of an environmental-geochemical and health research in the Zlata Idka village, Slovakia. Geochemical analysis indicates that arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are enriched in soils, groundwater, surface water and stream sediments. The average As and Sb contents are 892 mg/kg and 818 mg/kg in soils, 195 mg/kg and 249 mg/kg in stream sediments, 0.028 mg/l and 0.021 mg/l in groundwater and 0.024 mg/l and 0.034 mg/l in surface water. Arsenic and Sb concentrations exceed upper permissible limits in locally grown vegetables. Within the epidemiological research the As and Sb contents in human tissues and fluids have been observed (blood, urine, nails and hair) in approximately one third of the village’s population (120 respondents). The average As and Sb concentrations were 16.3 μg/l and 3.8 μg/l in blood, 15.8 μg/l and 18.8 μg/l in urine, 3,179 μg/kg and 1,140 μg/kg in nails and 379 μg/kg and 357 μg/kg in hair. These concentrations are comparatively much higher than the average population. Health risk calculations for the ingestion of soil, water, and vegetables indicates a very high carcinogenic risk (>1/1,000) for as content in soil and water. The hazard quotient [HQ=average daily dose (ADD)/reference dose (RfD)] calculation method indicates a HQ>1 for groundwater As and Sb concentrations.  相似文献