福建火山岩型铀矿化特征及其形成机制     

曾本兰 《华东地质学院学报》2001,24(4):295-297

福建 地处我国东南沿海，火山岩分布面积广，火山岩型铀矿化类型多，包括火山沉积型、远温地下热水淋滤型、火山期后热液型、富铀次火山岩体热液交代型等。铀矿化表现为多形态、多产状、多部位和多期、 多阶段，矿物 组合简单等特征。赋铀火山岩普遍发育有水解作用，岩石水解后，铀含量增加5－8倍，而分散铀量则减少50－80％。表明火山岩系中铀的活化与岩石的水解作用关切密切。另外，区内火山岩型铀矿化均赋存于火山杂岩系中的反差效应场中，显示出火山杂岩系中的反差效应场与铀的矿化也有密切关系。从总体上看，水解活化、渗析对流和半封闭强反差是福建火山岩型铀矿化的重要成矿机制。  相似文献   

Entwicklung eines Enzymimmunoassays zum Nachweis des Herbizids Mecoprop in Trink- und Grundwasser auf der Basis von Antikörpern aus den Eiern von Legehennen     

I. Westfehling  W. Weber  K. Rubach 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(3):137-141

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Mecoprop in Drinking Water and Groundwater Based on Antibodies Raised in Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies against mecoprop were isolated from egg yolk of immunized hens and were used for the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We tested assay parameters (pH and concentration of buffer, incubation temperature, kind of enzyme tracer) to optimize the standard curve for mecoprop. By decreasing the pH, the detection limit was reached at a concentration of 0.35 μg/L mecoprop. The concentration for 50% inhibition (50% B/B₀) was 2.8 μg/L. Dichlorprop and the methyl esters of both mecoprop and dichlorprop showed high crossreactivity (165%, 400% and 233%). Antibodies against mecoprop separated from egg yolk were compared to antibodies raised in rabbit for both sensitivity and specificity. Chicken immunoglobulins were found to be less sensitive and specific than the mammalian IgG's.  相似文献   

Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gwendy E. M. Hall 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)

Analysis of soil and sediment samples, using selective extraction methods to distinguish different phases, is of particular interest in exploration geochemistry to locate deeply buried mineral deposits. There are various mechanisms of binding labile elements in the secondary environment, including physical and chemical sorption, precipitation, chelation and complexation. Phases present in soils and sediments which are likely to scavenge ‘free' elements include amorphous Mn and Fe oxides, the humic and fulvic components of humus, and clays. This paper reviews these forms of trace elements and the methods in current use to quantify them. Examples of precision data, both for control and survey samples, are given with respect to trace elements dissolved from the ‘soluble organic' component of humus, Mn oxides and amorphous Fe oxides. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is required to measure accurately and precisely a large suite of trace elements, especially where only small fractions of elements are dissolved by such leaches as the commercially available Enzyme and MMI (Mobile Metal Ion) extractions. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained for 33 elements (e.g. Ag, Cd, In, I) in the standard reference sample (SRM), TILL-2, are in the range 0.5–8% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) leach designed to extract hydrous Fe and Mn oxides. The corresponding RSDs for elements in the reactive Mn oxide phase extracted by the Enzyme leach are in the range 3–19% except for some trace elements at levels close to detection limit (e.g. Cd, Bi). The RSDs obtained for field duplicates are inferior to those for analytical replicates (i.e. sample splits), probably a reflection of different concentrations of the host phase. In one soil survey, the Fe extracted by a 0.25 M NH₂OH·HCl leach ranged conservatively from 0.2 to 1.7% whereas the Mn extracted by the Enzyme leach varied extensively, from 0.3 to >999 ppm. In contrast, precision, at 1–7% RSD, for field duplicates was found to be comparable with that for both analytical duplicates and the SRM, LKSD-4, for elements associated with the humic and fulvic component of humus samples sieved to <177 μm.  相似文献   

Seasonal growth in brown trout in two New Zealand streams     

A. M. R. Burnet 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):55-62

Brown trout Salmo trutta Linn, were marked with individual tags and recaptured throughout a year in two small Canterbury streams. The growth recorded showed a marked seasonal variation which differed in pattern in the two streams. There was a considerable difference in the growth rate between the two populations and fish transferred from the slow‐growth stream to the faster‐growth stream showed an immediate response to the change.  相似文献   

运用STOMP数值模拟器进行多空介质中尿素水解以及方解石沉淀数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

郭娈靖  Hai Huang  Bill X.Hu 《地学前缘》2010,17(6):117-133

遍布于美国能源部所辖野外场地的地下放射性核素和痕量金属污染对美国能源部的长期监管职能提出了最严峻的挑战。目前较有前景的一个原地固化污染物方法是利用尿素酶催化尿素水解,进而推动方解石沉淀及与之共同沉淀。运用STOMP数值模拟器实施一系列反应性溶质数值模拟来研究系统中水流、运移、反应与反应导致的介质性质变化之间的紧密的非线性耦合,并在研究中系统性增加反应系统的复杂度和物理-化学的非均质性以考察模拟效果。通过调整反应速率表达式中尿素酶浓度和沉淀反应常数,对尿素水解和方解石沉淀速率进行了敏感度分析。结果显示:尿素水解速率是矿物沉淀总量的决定性因素,沉淀物的空间分布既取决于水解速率也取决于沉淀速率;在一维水流柱6个空隙体积的时间段模拟中,观察到了5%的最大空隙度减少;当二维模拟中考虑一个低渗透性包裹体时,被改变的流场重新对生成的沉淀组成物进行了分布,形成了扭曲的反应锋面。模拟结果也显示沉淀在低渗透性区域边界上形成,这说明位于这个区域里面的污染物可能被囊裹而从流线中被隔离起来。  相似文献   

鲜浒苔稀硫酸水解产糖工艺研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

冯大伟  姜鹏  李富超  秦松  赵瑾  陈华新 《海洋科学》2014,38(12):29-33

分别用质量分数为0.6%、1.0%、1.4%、1.8%、2.2%的稀硫酸在121℃高温高压的条件下水解鲜浒苔30、60、90 min,浒苔水解残留物再用纤维素酶酶解,用DNS法测定上述各步骤中的还原糖产量。结果表明,浒苔总糖含量为67.2%。稀硫酸水解工艺中,硫酸质量分数为1.8%、水解90 min,浒苔还原糖转化率最高,达59.9%,每克干质量浒苔可产生447.0 mg还原糖。稀硫酸水解残留物纤维素酶酶解工艺中,浒苔还原糖转化率较低,在硫酸质量分数为0.6%、水解时间为60 min时还原糖转化率出现最大值,仅为6.5%。结果显示浒苔稀硫酸水解产还原糖效果显著,但并不能促进纤维素酶酶解。浒苔糖化可单独采用稀硫酸水解工艺,本实验条件下的最佳工艺条件为1.8%硫酸水解90 min。本研究探索了浒苔糖化工艺条件,对后续的浒苔燃料乙醇发酵研究具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

城市生活垃圾生物转化乙醇初探     

马会强  张兰英  刘娜  刘虹  李爽  赵喆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(5):993-997

针对生活垃圾中的可利用成分,经酶水解后,利用筛选酵母菌对水解液进行乙醇发酵。通过正交实验得出最优水解条件为:pH值为5.5、加入纤维素酶8 mg、淀粉酶6 mg、水5 mL,65℃水解40 min。确定AQ菌作为最优菌种进行乙醇发酵实验。分别选取接种量、pH值、温度等因素进行单因子实验,讨论其对乙醇产量的影响。条件实验中,每克干生活垃圾最大产乙醇量为148.37 mg。  相似文献   

MECHANISM OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ADENOSINE 5＇-TRIPHOSPHATE: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF KINETIC DATA     

D.BRYNNHIBBERT  JOHNP.B.SANDALL 《地理学报(英文版)》1989,(3)

Data of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate have been re-evaluated using a computer program thatnumerically integrates the differential rate equations within a routine that optimizes rate coefficients givena suitable model and concentration versus time data. The model is tested by calculation of Hamilton R-values, the Fisher F-statistic, a sensitivity analysis,the standard errors on the rate coefficients and by constructing contour maps of the objective functionversus two rate coefficients. An optimization using only phosphate concentration data cannot distinguish between a model in whichadenosine 5'-monophosphate is formed predominantly directly with a molecule of pyrophosphate, andone in which it is formed via adenosine 5'-diphosphate. A more accurate set of rate coefficients iscalculated from existing data and the relative importance of the two paths determined.  相似文献   

Adsorption of Au(III) and Au(I) complexes on δ-MnO2     

Yong Ran  Jiamo Fu  R. J. Gilkes  R. W. Rate 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(2):172-181

The sorption of AuCl₄ ⁻,AuCl₂ ⁻ and Au(S₂O₃)^3- on δ-MnO₂ was investigated at pH2–11.6, 0.01 mol/L and 0.1 mol/L NaNO₃ solutions. At pH 4 in two electrolyte strength solutions, Au sorption densities on δ-MnO₂ are 0.18–0.21 and 0.28μmoL/m² for AuCl₄ ⁻ and Au(S₂O₃)₂ ^3-, respectively, and the Au surface coverage is approximate to or lower than 1%. This adsorption of the two Au complexes decreases as the solution pH increases, which conforms to the sorption regularity of the anion on δ-MnO₂. The Au sorption decreases in the sequence of Au(S₂O₃)₂ ^3- >AuCl₄ ⁻ >AuC1₂ ⁻. The intrinsic equilibrium constants (logK ^int) of the three Au complexes are 1.17–2.7, much higher than those of Cu and Cd. The hydrolysis products of AuCl₄ ^- are preferentially adsorbed by δ-MnO₂ and the inner-sphere Au-surface complexes are formed on the surface. Project supported by the National Studying-abroad Foundation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49573200) and the Australian Mining Industry.  相似文献   

Enhanced Activity of Immobilized Horseradish Peroxidase by Carbon Nanospheres for Phenols Removal     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(2)

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