鄱阳湖流域饶河鱼类稳定同位素比值和营养级的空间变化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张欢  肖协文  王玉玉  于秀波 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1004-1010

由于水文特征的变化和栖息生境的异质性,河流食物网结构存在着一定的空间变化.认识人类活动对河流食物网结构空间变化的影响能够为河流生态系统的科学管理提供有效指导.利用稳定同位素分析技术,测定枯水季节饶河不同地区初级生产者和鱼类的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(δ13C和δ15N),比较饶河下游鄱阳和中游海口河段4种常见鱼类的δ13C、δ15N值和营养级,并分析导致不同河段食物网结构差异的原因.结果表明,鄱阳与海口两个地区鱼类的δ13C值无显著差异,但δ15N值差异显著.鱼类的δ13C值变化范围在鄱阳河段大于海口河段,鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)和贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)在鄱阳河段的δ15N值要显著高于海口河段,而黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)和鲫(Carassius auratus)的δ15N值在鄱阳河段却表现更低.另一方面,除黄颡鱼外,鳜、贝氏和鲫在鄱阳河段的营养级均显著高于其在海口河段的营养级.研究认为,由于颗粒有机物和附着藻类的δ13C值在鄱阳与海口河段没有显著差异,因而导致鱼类的δ13C值也没有明显变化.不同生境下初级食物源δ15N值的差异及人为扰动的程度可能是影响饶河不同河段鱼类的δ15N值存在明显差异的主要原因.  相似文献   

2017—2022年雅砻江甘孜以下干流及部分支流鱼类种类组成及群落结构     

熊美华  董微微  刘小帅  朱滨  宋以兴  胡兴坤  曾昌  余丹  邵科 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):223-235

基于2017—2022年在雅砻江甘孜以下干流及部分支流的鱼类监测数据,采用多样性指数和多元统计方法分析了该流域的鱼类群落结构。通过在雅砻江干流和6条支流21个采样点的监测及相关文献调研共获得鱼类98种,包括9种国家二级重点保护鱼类和28种长江上游特有鱼类。除干流下游Margalef丰富度指数外,其他区域多样性指数值相差不大;干流上、中、下游和6条支流间鱼类生物多样性不存在显著差异。Cluster分析和NMDS分析表明鱼类群落可以分成6组,ANOSIM检验表明6组间存在显著性差异,6组在海拔和河流等级上存在极显著和显著性差异。分别计算6个聚类组的优势种和常见种,并从栖息类型、食性和产卵类型上进行分析,结果显示6组在栖息类型和产卵类型上差异显著。二滩库区和鳡鱼河静缓流河段优势种为翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)等,建议加强对下游流域外来物种的监测,避免发生大规模生物入侵现象。自1980s以来,雅砻江下游流域鱼类种类组成发生了明显变化,推测与梯级电站修建运行等造成生境改变有关。  相似文献   

天津近海鱼类群落结构及食性初步探究     

王泽斌  张树林 《海洋科学》2019,43(9)

摘 要：为了解天津近海鱼类群落结构和食性功能群结构的组成,于2018年4月、6—11月采用底拖网采样对该海域鱼类资源进行调查,以阐明天津近海鱼类资源群落结构和食性功能群结构现状。结果表明：本次调查共捕获鱼类23种,隶属于6目14科20属,其中鲱形目6种,胡瓜鱼目1种,鲉形目1种,鲻形目1种,鲈形目12种,鲽形目2种。月间优势种以小型鱼类为主,其中矛尾鰕虎鱼为各月共有优势种。根据鱼类栖所类型划分,大陆架浅水底层鱼类9种,大陆架浅水中上层鱼类7种,大陆架浅水中底层鱼类共4种,大陆架岩礁性鱼类2种,大陆架大洋洄游性中上层鱼类1种。根据鱼类适温类型划分,暖温性鱼类15种,暖水性鱼类6种,冷温性鱼类2种。据月间CLUSTER聚类和MDS分析结果可知,天津海域月间鱼类群落结构分为3个群组,其中6—9月为一组,10、11月为一组,4月为一组。根据各鱼种食物组成的出现频率百分比组成进行聚类分析,天津近海鱼类群落由6个功能群组成,包括浮游动物食性功能群、 广食性功能群、杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群、鱼食性功能群和底栖动物食性功能群。研究表明,天津近海鱼类种类较少,且以小型鱼类为主,以杂食性功能群、虾/鱼食性功能群和浮游动物食性功能群为主要功能群。  相似文献   

无鱼粉日粮条件下黄颡鱼生长性能和肝胰脏转录组差异表达的研究     

周露阳  叶元土  蔡春芳  吴萍  高敏敏  郁浓  孙飞  吕昊  石瑶瑶  吕斌  易皓明 《海洋科学》2019,43(12):97-109

本研究以黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)为试验对象,设计两种饲料:鱼粉组和无鱼粉组,在池塘网箱中投喂70 d,研究其生长性能和肝胰脏转录组表达的差异。同鱼粉组相比,无鱼粉组黄颡鱼特定生长率下降了30.25%(P0.05),饲料系数显著增加了83.94%(P0.05),全鱼脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05),血清甘油三酯含量显著下降(P0.05),血清转氨酶活力显著增加(P0.05)。肝胰脏转录组结果显示,总计有12 020个基因差异表达,其中差异表达上调的基因有5 020个、差异表达下调的基因有7 000个。同鱼粉组相比,无鱼粉组分别有1 013个基因表达显著上调、2749基因表达显著下调(P0.05)。将组间具有差异表达的基因进行GO Term、KEGG pathway分类,结果显示:无鱼粉组的肝胰脏细胞组成、细胞生物过程、细胞分子功能等绝大多数基因差异表达下调,提示肝胰脏的细胞组织结构和功能受到很大的影响;KEGG通路富集到15个显著差异代谢通路。本研究结果表明,日粮中鱼粉可能含有某些生理活性物质,这些物质以神经分泌、激素调控、代谢信号通路等为作用靶点,通过对这些代谢信号通路的调节,对鱼的整体生理代谢强度、细胞结构与功能、生理健康状态等产生明显积极促进影响。缺乏这些物质则会造成黄颡鱼生长性能下降、部分器官组织细胞(肝细胞、神经轴突)受到损伤、鱼体抗应激能力和免疫防御能力下降。  相似文献   

测量鱼鲜度的三甲胺MIS结构的敏感性与机理     

吴英才 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(1)

以ＴｉＯ２为材料制作的Ａｌ／ＴｉＯ２／Ｓｉ　ＭＩＳ结构对与鱼鲜度有关的三甲胺气体有良好的响应。实验表明：当三甲胺体积分数从０～１０３×１０－６变化时,在１ＭＨ的测试频率下,样品的电容值改变了２５０％;在３Ｖ的偏压下,电流变化了４５０％。鲜鱼死后在２５ｈ内,在较高温度下样品的（Ｃ－ｔ）和（Ｉ－ｔ）关系响应敏感。并通过分析ＴｉＯ２膜各组分的介电常数,解释了样品的电容随体积分数变化的机理。提出了吸附模型,鉴于化学吸附产生的正电荷对界面势垒和电场的影响,结合Ｆｏｗｌｅｒ－Ｎｏｒｈｅｉｍ（Ｆ－Ｎ）隧道穿透机构对电流一体积分数（Ｉ—Ｄ）关系进行解释。  相似文献   

Feeding habits of Solea senegalensis in earthen ponds in Sado estuary     

Maria Ana Castelo Branco  Marco A. Arruda  Sofia Gamito   《Journal of Sea Research》2010,64(4):446-450

The senegale sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858, is a commercially valuable fish and it is beginning to be cultured in a semi-intensive way in fish farms in southern European countries. The present study was initiated to investigate the diet of S. senegalensis under semi-extensive conditions. The feeding habits of sole were studied in two earthen ponds of a fish farm in the Sado estuary. In one earthen pond, artificial fish ration was given. S. senegalensis feeds on few prey items, its diet is mainly composed of insect larvae (Chironomus salinarus) and polychaeta (Hediste diversicolor). The diet composition of this species suggests feeding specialization, by consuming mainly annelids and insect larvae and by avoiding other items, extremely abundant in the environment, such as gastropods. In the water reservoir where ration was given, some fish consumed simultaneously benthic organism together with ration. However, benthic organisms seem to be the most important component of S. senegalensis diet.  相似文献   

Greenland halibut diet in the Northwest Atlantic from 1978 to 2003 as an indicator of ecosystem change     

K.S. Dwyer  A. Buren  M. Koen-Alonso   《Journal of Sea Research》2010,64(4):436-445

The Northwest Atlantic marine community underwent dramatic changes during the last 30 years, including the collapse of many groundfish stocks and an increase in shrimp populations. Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides is an important commercial species and one of the top fish predators in this system. It is a large, wide-ranging flatfish that is found at depths up to 2200 m and it has an opportunistic diet which makes it a potential candidate for an ecosystem indicator. Analysis of stomach contents of Greenland halibut between 1978 and 2003 indicates that diet composition reflects the major changes in community structure. Over the entire period there was a clear increase in the importance of invertebrates, particularly after 1992. This change was associated with a higher importance of Pandalus shrimp and Gonatus squid and a protracted reliance on zooplankton by predators under 25 cm length. Capelin Mallotus villosus was the dominant prey between 1978 and 1992 for predators in the 12–63 cm range, but its importance dropped off drastically in the mid 1990s. Levels of main prey in the diet of Greenland halibut correlated well with fishery-independent surveys. Greenland halibut sample capelin well, compared to bottom trawl surveys and acoustic surveys. Greenland halibut consumed small shrimp which are not routinely caught by surveys and may be important in deriving information on year classes and growth of shrimp. Our results suggest that Greenland halibut's diet is a useful tracker of ecosystem change.  相似文献   

250 years of sardine and anchovy scale deposition record in Mejillones Bay, northern Chile   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Jorge Valds  Luc Ortlieb  Dimitri Gutierrez  Luis Marinovic  Gabriel Vargas  Abdel Sifeddine 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):198

Marine oxygen-deficient environments with high sedimentation rates and high primary productivity can provide relevant information regarding variations of ocean–climatic conditions in the past. In the Humboldt current ecosystem, which now hosts huge populations of pelagic fishes (mainly anchovy and sardine), fish scale abundance in the sedimentary record may be useful indicators of environmental change. Here we assess such a proxy record in a 42 cm-long sedimentary core collected from 80 m in Mejillones Bay (23°S, northern Chile). We also analyse fish remains in surface sediment sampled along a bathymetric transect (from 10 to 110 m water depth) in the same bay. In the core-top record, the fluctuations of sardine and anchovy scale deposition rates (SDR) agreed with those of industrial catches for these two species in northern Chile, tending to validate the SDR as a proxy of local fish biomass when bottom anoxic conditions prevail. However, apparent SDR for records prior to 1820 have probably been influenced by dissolution processes linked to the oxygenation of the bottom environment of Mejillones Bay, as suggested by other proxy records. After 1820, the fluctuations in the relative abundance of sardine and anchovy scales point to alternating warm and cold conditions during about 30 years and then a progressively cooler period. Since ca. 1870, marked fluctuations of SDR of both species are observed, probably as a consequence of the onset of a different oceanographic regime characterized by intensified upwelling, stronger subsurface oxygen deficiency, higher primary productivity, and enhanced “ENSO-like” interdecadal variability. While anchovy SDR fluctuated in periods of 25–40 years, only two peak periods of sardine SDR occurred (late 19th century and late 20th century), suggesting that sardine abundance depends on other ocean–climatic factors.  相似文献   

Differences in causal reasoning about resource dynamics and consequences for the participatory debate on North Sea fisheries     

M.C. Verweij  W.L.T. van Densen 《Marine Policy》2010

Fishermen, scientists, policy makers, and staff of environmental NGOs (ENGOs) have significantly different understandings of the processes that determine developments in fish stocks. These perception differences hinder the participatory debate on why fish stocks change and which management measures are effective. In this study, differences in causal reasoning about processes between fishermen, policy makers, ENGO-staff, and scientists were examined, regarding four case studies within the management of the fishery on North Sea plaice. First, it appeared that all parties, besides scientists, had difficulty reasoning about long-term effects because of comprehension problems with stock dynamics, and because of short-term economical interests. Second, there were differences in how parties deal with natural variation and interconnectedness of natural and anthropogenic influences. Stock assessment scientists work with single-species models, reducing complexity by using assumptions that rule out variation, in order to inform policy makers about the effect of one isolated management measure. Fishermen on the other hand, relying on information from their daily lives at sea, emphasize complexity and interconnectedness, and the impact of the ever-changing and unpredictable nature. ENGO-staff appeared reluctant to reason about single species and broaden the debate to the ecosystem-level, while emphasizing the effect of man. As a consequence of the diverging perceptions, much time in multi-stakeholder settings is lost on repetitive discussions, mainly on the relative importance of 'nature' versus 'man'. No wonder that policy makers feel lost, and experience processes as very complex. Concluding, to handle these perception differences, there is need for a directive process coordinator, and a more creative informative role for fisheries scientists. Together with all participants, they should map all expectancies and lines of reasoning at the beginning of the debate. This scheme can be relied on during subsequent meetings, in which perceptions can adequately be positioned.  相似文献