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11.
文章以瓯江入海河口水体为研究对象,结合综合指数法对2013—2018年瓯江入海水体水质变化趋势进行分析与评价,同时分析主要污染物的入海通量变化,以期为温州海域近岸环境改善提供参考。结果表明:瓯江河口水体中TP、CODCr超出《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）III类水质标准。瓯江河口水质综合污染指数均值为6.54,平均污染指数均值为0.60,主要污染物为TP和CODCr,研究期间瓯江河口水体环境质量呈好转趋势。瓯江年均污染物入海总量约为665 950 t,污染物入海通量中CODCr占比最大,其次为TP;2014—2018年,TP入海通量呈下降趋势。 相似文献
12.
Ian?SimmondsEmail author Anthony?Rafter Timothy?Cowan Andrew?B.?Watkins Kevin?Keay 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,117(1):149-177
There are very strong thermal gradients between the Antarctic continent and the sea-ice zone, and between that zone and the
ocean to the north. As a result of these contrasts the sea-ice domain is one of strong cyclogenesis and high cyclone frequency.
In this study we explore many aspects of that cyclonic behaviour and investigate the manner in which these systems influence,
and are influenced by, the sea ice. Using the NCEP-DOE re-analyses (1979–2002) we have determined variables that are proportional
to the mean of the wind stress and the mean rate at which mechanical energy is imparted to the surface. Using two decompositions
of the wind field we have obtained estimates of how much of these fluxes are contributed to by the transient eddies. We find
these to be significant over the sea ice and the ocean to the north, particularly when a new decomposition is used. The presence
of frequent and vigorous cyclones is a central factor that determines the positive mean freshwater flux over the sea-ice zone
in all seasons. This transfer to the ocean is smallest in summer (0.49 mm day−1) and assumes a maximum of 1.27 mm day−1 in winter. 相似文献
13.
Metal fluxes through the Strait of Gibraltar: the influence of the Tinto and Odiel rivers (SW Spain)
Franoise Elbaz-Poulichet Nicholas H. Morley Jean-Marie Beckers Philippe Nomerange 《Marine Chemistry》2001,73(3-4)
A large set of new data concerning dissolved metal concentrations has been acquired in the Gulf of Cadiz and in the Strait of Gibraltar from 1996 to 1999. These data, associated with models (hydrodynamic, tracer advection–dispersion and mixing), have been used to assess the influence of rivers draining the South Iberian Pyrite Belt on the Gulf of Cadiz and on the Atlantic inflow in the Strait of Gibraltar.Metal concentrations in surface waters from the Gulf of Cadiz are maximal near the mouth of the Tinto/Odiel rivers with values exceeding 50 nmol/kg (Mn), 5 nmol/kg (Ni), 30 nmol/kg (Cu), 100 nmol/kg (Zn), 0.9 nmol/kg (Cd) and 45 nmol/kg (As). From the Tinto/Odiel river, a plume of contamination follows the coast in the direction of the Strait of Gibraltar. The computation of a tracer advection–dispersion model confirms that the coastal currents carry the metals discharged from the Tinto and Odiel to the Strait of Gibraltar.From temperature–salinity and metal–salinity plots, four water masses can be recognised in the Gulf of Cadiz and in the Strait of Gibraltar: North Atlantic Surface Water (NASW), North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and metal-enriched Spanish Shelf Waters from the Gulf of Cadiz (SSW). The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is also clearly seen at depths greater than 300 m.The chemical characteristics of these various water masses have been used in a mixing model to evaluate their relative contribution to the Atlantic inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar. These contributions are seasonally variable. In June 1997, the contribution was: 80±20%, 5±5% and 15±10% for NASW, NACW and SSW, respectively. In September, the SSW contribution was apparently negligible.Finally, these relative contributions allow the evaluation of the metal fluxes in the Strait of Gibraltar. The presence of SSW in the Strait increases the metal flux to the Mediterranean Sea by a factor of 2.3 (Cu), 2.4 (Cd), 3 (Zn) and 7 (Mn). It does not modify significantly As and Ni fluxes. 相似文献
14.
Yibo Sun De Su Zhanjun Quan Haolü Shang Bing Geng Xingwen Lin Pingping Jing Yang Bao Yanhua Zhao Wei Yang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(8):842-854
Airborne Eddy Covariance (EC) method is one of the most effective ways to measure the turbulent fluxes over regional scale directly. The turbulent fluxes from airborne EC method have the same spatial scale with the pixel scale of remote sensing image and the grid scale of land-surface models, which is very important for the simulation of regional or global land-surface fluxes. UAV-based eddy covariance method could achieve the observation of turbulent fluxes in a multi-period and multi-sorties way, and the observation result is reliable and the application is inexpensive. It is an important development direction for airborne flux observation technique. After the introduction of the main technical characteristics of the airborne EC method, this paper reviewed the worldwide progress in UAV-based fluxes measurements system from these aspects of the specifications of the UAVs, the integrated instruments, and the analysis of the application cases. Then, the main sources of uncertainty affecting the UAV-based fluxes measurements were discussed. At last, the shortcomings of the current UAV-based flux observation system were summarized. A brief outlook about UAV-based fluxes measurements technique was also given. 相似文献
15.
热带西太平洋海面通量与气象要素关系的诊断分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
用ＴＯＧＡＣＯＡＲＥ加强期在赤道带西太平洋暖池中的观测船ＭｏａｎａＷａｖｅ和浮标获得的小时风、温、湿、海温资料计算了海面各种通量。分析潜热通量随海面温度ＳＳＴ的变化特征,发现小风期潜热通量ＬＨ在某ＳＳＴ处出现最大值,大风时不出现此现象,即ＬＨ随ＳＳＴ变化的主要原因是风随ＳＳＴ的变化,其次是气海湿度差Δｑ及传输系数ＣＥ随ＳＳＴ的变化。用相关分析法分析小风期、西风爆发期、对流扰动期等不同时期中各通量与各气象要素的关系发现,潜热通量和动量通量主要决定于风,对感热通量起作用的主要是气海温差,降水也可通过气海温差和风影响感热通量。 相似文献
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17.
Chemical weathering of basalts in the Putorana Plateau, Central Siberia, has been studied by combining chemical and mineralogical analysis of solids (rocks, soils, river sediments and suspended matter) and fluid solution chemistry in order to quantify CO2 consumption and to assess the major factors controlling basic rock weathering under permafrost-dominated taiga climate. The chemical status of 40 major and trace elements (TE) in pristine boreal rivers and interstitial solutions of permafrost soils has been investigated using in-field ultrafiltration procedure. This revealed strong relationships between concentration of TE and that of major inorganic components of colloids, i.e., Fe or Al. Decomposing plant litter and permafrost thawing are considered important sources of most major and trace elements in Arctic rivers during summertime. 相似文献
18.
Dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) have been investigated along a transect between Cherbourg and the Isle of Wight. In addition, the relative contribution of different sources of POM have been assessed by the use of lipid biomarkers (e.g. fatty acids). Seawater samples were collected at two depths (subsurface and above the bottom) at five stations located on the transect during five cruises (from September 1994 to July 1995). Particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations vary between 30–530 μg l−1 and 0.5–2.7 mg l−1, respectively, for all the cruises. Fluxes of POM and DOM have been estimated at 0.6×1012 g yr−1 and 6.5×1012 g yr−1 of carbon, respectively. General fluxes of water and therefore of DOC and POC are oriented eastward. However, around the Isle of Wight a westward oriented flux exists due to a gyre located in the area. The major DOC and POC fluxes occur in the central part of the Channel where the water column is deepest. Seasonal variations of different sources of POM (algal, bacterial and terrigenous) have been examined for the five cruises. The fresh algal organic fraction is relatively important in September in coastal waters with a predominance of diatom species on the English side, whereas it has a low or undetectable contribution during winter months. The bacterial fraction generally varies in concert with the algal component. It is low during the winter period and more important in bloom or post-bloom conditions, as for example in May. Terrestrial organic matter is restricted to coastal areas in September, and is present at low levels in May and July. Nevertheless, in November and February, terrigenous inputs have been clearly identified for the whole transect even in central waters. 相似文献
19.
Christelle Antonelli Frdrique Eyrolle Benoît Rolland Mireille Provansal Franois Sabatier 《Geomorphology》2008,95(3-4):350-360
At the beginning of December 2003, one of the biggest floods for at least 150 yr was recorded on the Rhone River. In the lower part of the river, the peak flood reached 11,000 m3 s−1. The geomorphological and radioecological consequences of such an event were investigated downstream all the nuclear installations by using measured and calculated fluxes and the total export of suspended sediment and associated 137Cs. Results pointed out the major role played by large floods in the annual suspended sediment load, as 3.70 × 106 tons of silts, 0.85 × 106 tons of sands, and 0.84 × 106 tons of clays were transferred towards the coastal environment. Nevertheless, these solid loads were found to be lower than those expected as regards the liquid discharge reached during this event and suggested that previous floods that occurred on the river and on its main tributaries during the last decade have probably led to the removal of available sediment from the channels and their banks. Besides, the 137Cs activity measured within the suspended load was estimated at 14.9 ± 0.4 Bq kg−1, which is a level characteristic of the suspended sediments from the Rhone catchment area and demonstrated that nuclear installations located along the Rhone valley did not significantly contribute to any increase in 137Cs activity in the water during the flood. The total 137Cs particulate export amounted to 77 ± 17 GBq and was mainly associated with the silt fraction that contributes to around 70% of the total 137Cs export. 相似文献
20.
城市不透水地表格局通过改变城市下垫面结构,引起地表反照率、比辐射率、地表粗糙度的变化,从而对地表辐射和能量平衡产生直接影响。不透水地表能增强地表显热通量,导致地表波文比升高,因此地表波文比的空间差异可推算城市人工不透水表面的分布。本研究选择北京市为实验区,应用Landsat TM卫星热红外遥感数据,采用PCACA模型及理论定位算法,对城市地表波文比进行反演,进而计算遥感地表波文比空间分布数据与城市不透水表面比例数据之间的相关关系,构建回归方程,实现北京市城区与近郊区人工不透水表面百分比分布的定量估算,最后以高分辨率遥感数据获取的城市人工不透水表面比例数据进行结果验证。结果表明,采用PCACA模型定量反演城市地表波文比数据,利用地表波文比数据与不透水表面比例数据之间的相关关系可实现城市人工不透水表面百分比数据的定量估算;波文比值不仅可在遥感像元水平定性判定不透水像元,还可对混合像元中的不透水比例进行较高精度的定量反演,其相关系数R²值为0.731。此方法有效地揭示了城市不透水下垫面对地表热通量影响的机制以及空间定量关系。 相似文献