利用物理模型三维纵波数据分析HTI介质的方位各向异性   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

尹志恒  李向阳  魏建新  狄帮让  张四海  吴满生 《地球物理学报》2012,55(11):3805-3812

本文通过理论计算、数值模拟与穹窿物理模型三维数据对比分析的方法,对HTI介质中纵波方位各向异性现象进行研究.主要是进行目的层动校正速度以及走时的分析.结果显示,理论数值与实验数值耦合较好,HTI介质会引起动校正速度以及走时随方位角呈现椭圆形的变化;同时发现,观测系统中最大偏移距与目的层深度的比值以及方位角分布对各向异性分析有较大影响. 三维纵波方位各向异性分析对于数据的观测系统设计以及数据质量有较高的要求.  相似文献   

Field measurements of normal and shear fracture compliance     

C. Hobday  M.H. Worthington 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(3):488-499

Field estimates of the normal and shear compliance of water saturated fractures were obtained from a seismic experiment carried out on a wave‐cut platform of Upper Caithness Flagstone on the North coast of Scotland. The rocks are cut by two orthogonal sets of vertical fractures. Vertical geophones were glued to the rock surface and seismic waves were generated by striking the surface with a sledge hammer. First arrival traveltimes were obtained for source‐receiver distances up to 30 m. Differences of compressional velocity with direction across the platform were interpreted as resulting from the compliance of the fractures intersected by the transmitted waves. The average normal compliance for fractures at this site is 4.0 × 10^?12± 1.0 × 10^?12 m/Pa. There is much less certainty about the precise value of shear compliance. However, the normal/shear compliance ratio is determined to be ≤0.1.  相似文献   

华北地区地震和深部构造关系及其破裂机制探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张路 《地震》2012,32(3):87-97

华北地区的地震活动格外活跃, 其地壳深部构造的独特性决定了其地震活动性。 多条地学断面和地震剖面等地球物理研究表明, 华北地区的地震带(即活动构造带)一般均存在低速体或上地幔上隆; 华北强震区的地球物理详细勘测发现, 强震区也都存在低速体或上地幔上隆。 应用应力摩尔圆和库伦破裂准则, 利用上涌模型和地壳减薄模型研究地壳岩石破裂机制, 结果表明, 存在上地幔上隆和低速体的地区的地壳岩石比其它地区更易于发生破裂。 华北地区的地壳深部构造决定了地震的空间分布格局。  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井识别及评价技术综述与展望   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵军龙  巩泽文  李甘  冯春艳  白旭  蹇军  傅波  红岩 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(2):537-547

由于碳酸盐岩裂缝发育机制的复杂性,开展碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的识别与评价一直是测井分析的热点和难点.本文基于大量文献调研,梳理了碳酸盐岩裂缝的定义、成因和分类,系统归纳了碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的测井响应特征及评价方法,并进行了实例分析.研究表明,常规测井方法对碳酸盐岩裂缝均有不同程度的揭示,基于不同原理的常规测井方法对碳酸岩盐裂缝的响应程度差异显著,利用常规测井方法对碳酸岩盐储层裂缝识别应遵循综合识别原则;碳酸盐岩裂缝成像测井识别方法中,电阻率成像测井、偶极声波测井和核磁共振测井反映裂缝较为直观,但成本高;基于常规测井资料的灰色关联识别方法、神经网络识别方法、小波多尺度识别方法等非线性数学方法,弥补了常规测井和成像测井识别碳酸盐岩裂缝的不足,并且取得较好的应用效果.  相似文献   

Investigating dynamic underground coal fires by means of numerical simulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Wessling  W. Kessels  M. Schmidt  U. Krause 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(1):439-454

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Quasi-static analysis of strike fault growth in layered media     

Nobuki Kame  Shuji Saito  Kenji Oguni 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(1):309-314

We study the effects of structural inhomogeneity on the quasi-static growth of strike-slip faults. A layered medium is considered, made up of an upper layer bounded by a free surface and welded to a lower half-space with different elastic property. Mode III crack is employed as a mathematical model of strike-slip fault, which is nucleated in the lower half-space and then propagates towards the interface. We adopt FEM-β, newly proposed analysis method for failure, to simulate the quasi-statistic crack growth governed by the stress distribution in layered media. Our results show that along planar traces across interfaces a compliant upper layer has significant effects on promoting/suppressing crack growth before/after its extension into the layer and vice versa for a rigid one. This proposes a possibility that surface breaks due to strike-slip faulting could be arrested by deposit layers at the topmost part of the Earth's crust.  相似文献   

Statistical characteristics of flow as indicators of channeling in heterogeneous porous and fractured media     

R. Le Goc  J.-R. de Dreuzy  P. Davy 《Advances in water resources》2010

We introduce two new channeling indicators D_ic and D_cc based on the Lagrangian distribution of flow rates. On the basis of the participation ratio, these indicators characterize the extremes of both the flow-tube width distribution and the flow rate variation along flow lines. The participation ratio is an indicator biased toward the larger values of a distribution and is equal to the normalized ratio of the square of the first-order moment to the second-order moment. Compared with other existing indicators, they advantageously provide additional information on the flow channel geometry, are consistently applicable to both porous and fractured media, and are generally less variable for media generated using the same parameters than other indicators. Based on their computation for a broad range of porous and fracture permeability fields, we show that they consistently characterize two different geometric properties of channels. D_ic gives a characteristic scale of low-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic distance between effectively flowing structures in fractured cases. D_cc gives a characteristic scale of the extension of high-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic channel length in fractured media. D_ic is mostly determined by channel density and permeability variability. D_cc is, however, more affected by the nature of the correlation structure like the presence of permeability channels or fractures in porous media and the length distribution in fracture networks.  相似文献   

云南兰坪中排李子坪铅锌矿矿床成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔云丽  戚林坤 《云南地质》2009,28(3):275-279

铅锌矿产于下白垩统景星组下段泥质粉砂岩、钙质砂岩和中侏罗统花开左组上段砂岩夹薄层泥灰岩介壳灰岩中,脉状、透镜状、层状、似层状等产出。NNE向断裂的交叉夹持部位的旁侧派生次级断裂及层间破碎带是主要容矿构造,矿床成因为沉积-中低温热液改造构造控矿型。  相似文献   

裂隙充填型天然气水合物的各向异性分析及饱和度估算——以印度东海岸NGHP01-10D井为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王吉亮  王秀娟  钱进  吴时国 《地球物理学报》2013,56(4):1312-1320

沿裂隙发育的天然气水合物是印度深水盆地细粒沉积物中水合物的重要产出方式,水合物以结核状或脉状充填在高角度裂隙中.天然气水合物主要沿着构造主应力方向生成,由于裂隙的存在,含水合物的沉积物层呈现各向异性.利用孔隙介质中水合物呈均匀分布的速度模型计算的NGHP01-10D井水合物饱和度高达40%,而压力取芯表明水合物饱和度占孔隙空间的20%左右.为了研究水合物饱和度差异,基于层状介质的各向异性模型计算了裂隙充填型水合物的饱和度.在垂直井孔中,由于波入射角与裂隙倾角有关,考虑裂隙倾角变化,利用纵波和横波速度同时反演水合物饱和度和裂隙倾角.利用层状介质模型计算的水合物占孔隙空间的15%～25%,裂隙的倾角在60°～90°,多为高角度裂隙.在NGHP01-10D井中,纵横波速度联合计算的饱和度与压力取芯结果吻合更好.  相似文献   

超声激励低渗煤层甲烷增透机理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

肖晓春  潘一山  吕祥锋  杨新乐 《地球物理学报》2013,56(5):1726-1733

超声激励增透煤层是一种不受甲烷储层地质条件和气源特性限制,具有普遍应用价值的增采技术.但由于煤岩致密、裂隙发育,煤岩孔隙度存在多尺度效应,受储层介质尺度效应影响的增透促吸机理尚不明确.本文通过CT观测实验和渗透率测定实验,对超声波作用下煤样不同尺度裂隙发展规律进行了分析,对比测定超声作用煤样渗透率变化规律,建立了超声增透煤层甲烷渗透率的修正公式.研究结果表明:CT观测实验很好地证明了超声的机械震碎作用;在声场衰减范围内,煤体损伤和机械震碎作用明显;超声波作用后的煤层渗透率有平均135%～169%的提高.研究工作为超声激励增加煤层的渗透率提供了实验基础.  相似文献