Selection of regional historical rainfall time series as input to urban drainage simulations at ungauged locations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.S. Mikkelsen  H. Madsen  K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen  D. Rosbjerg  P. Harremoës   《Atmospheric Research》2005,77(1-4):4

It has become established practice during the past 20 years to use high-resolution historical rainfall time series as input to hydrological model packages for detailed simulation of urban drainage systems. However, sufficiently long rain series are rarely available from the exact catchment in question and simulations are hence often based on available rain series from other locations. Extreme rainfall properties of importance to the performance of urban storm drainage systems vary significantly even in regions with only minor physiographic differences. Part of this variation can be explained by regional variations of the mean annual rainfall and the remaining statistical residue can be interpreted as statistical uncertainty.In Denmark, more than 75 high-resolution rain gauges are installed across a total area of 43,000 m. About 40 gauges had sufficiently long records to be included in a comprehensive national investigation where newly developed statistical regionalisation procedures were used to model the regional variation of extreme rainfalls. On this basis, a spreadsheet model was made available for estimation of extreme design rainfalls and the associated uncertainty at any location in the country. Statistics were furthermore computed to classify historical rainfall time series according to the developed regional model, and this makes it possible to assess the uncertainty related with using different historical rain series for simulations at ungauged locations.This research indicates that use of historical point rainfall data at ungauged locations introduces a significant uncertainty that is largely overlooked in today's practice. The engineering recommendation is to select historical rain series based on an evaluation of the local physiographic characteristics (e.g., the mean annual rainfall) and a (pre-defined) desired safety level of the simulations.  相似文献   

图们江流域中更新世火山泥石流分布及其特征     

李花淑  崔天日 《吉林地质》2005,24(3):73-77

图们江流域中更新世火山泥石流仅分布在残留的Ⅲ阶地上，碎屑物的粒级范围很广，具正粒序层理，分选差，是在冰川作用或冰雪融化作用下快速搬运、沉积形成的，具有浊积岩的沉积模式。  相似文献   

Research on runoff variations based on wavelet analysis and wavelet neural network model: A case study of the Heihe River drainage basin (1944?2005)     

WANG Jun  MENG Jijun 《地理学报》2007,17(3):327-338

The Heihe River drainage basin is one of the endangered ecological regions of China. The shortage of water resources is the bottleneck, which constrains the sustainable development of the region. Many scholars in China have done researches concerning this problem. Based on previous researches, this paper analyzed characteristics, tendencies, and causes of annual runoff variations in the Yingluo Gorge (1944–2005) and the Zhengyi Gorge (1954–2005), which are the boundaries of the upper reaches, the middle reaches, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River drainage basin, by wavelet analysis, wavelet neural network model, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: (1) annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge have principal periods of 7 years and 25 years, and its increasing rate is 1.04 m3/s·10y; (2) annual runoff variations of the Zhengyi Gorge have principal periods of 6 years and 27 years, and its decreasing rate is 2.25 m3/s·10y; (3) prediction results show that: during 2006–2015, annual runoff variations of the Yingluo and Zhengyi gorges have ascending tendencies, and the increasing rates are respectively 2.04 m3/s·10y and 1.61 m3/s·10y; (4) the increase of annual runoff in the Yingluo Gorge has causal relationship with increased temperature and precipitation in the upper reaches, and the decrease of annual runoff in the Zhengyi Gorge in the past decades was mainly caused by the increased human consumption of water resources in the middle researches. The study results will provide scientific basis for making rational use and allocation schemes of water resources in the Heihe River drainage basin.  相似文献   

陕北煤炭基地的矿井水资源及利用   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

范立民  李保平 《地下水》2007,29(5):1-3,7

简要论述了陕北地区煤矿开发的水文地质条件,对矿井水资源量、水质及利用途径进行了阐述.该区大型煤矿每天排水1 500～3 000 m3,中型煤矿也有500 m3左右,小煤矿每天排水30～100 m3,利用好矿井疏干水,不仅可以解决能源化工基地建设的用水需求,而且符合国家产业政策和环境保护的要求,是陕北能源化工基地建设的必然选择.  相似文献   

Strike slip faulting inferred from offsetting of drainages: Lower Narmada basin, western India     

Rachna Raj 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(5):413-421

The detailed analysis of landforms, drainages and geology of the area between the rivers Amaravati and Karjan was carried out in order to understand the tectonic history of the lower Narmada basin. Movement along the various faults in the area was studied on the basis of the drainage offsetting. Horizontal offsetting of stream channels was found quite demonstrable along NNW-SSE trending transverse faults. Tectonic landforms including systematic deflection of stream channels and ridges, alignment of fault scarp and saddles and displacement in the basement rocks and alluvial deposits show that the area is undergoing active deformation driven by the NSF system.  相似文献   

Geomorphic constraints on the active tectonics of southern Taiwan     

Lucy A. Ramsey  Richard T. Walker  James Jackson 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(3):1357-1372

Taiwan is a region of rapid active tectonics, yet the study of the tectonic processes that shape the interior of the island is difficult due to the high rates of erosion and dense vegetation. We use digital topography to look for indications of active deformation preserved in the local geomorphology. In particular, anomalies in the regional pattern of drainage are used to infer zones of enhanced tectonic activity. The apparent anticlockwise rotation of major river systems in plan view indicates the presence of a diffuse zone of left-lateral shear running down the southeastern side of Taiwan. Asymmetries in the catchments of individual drainage basins show the influence of varying rates of uplift across southern Taiwan, with the most rapid uplift close to Taitung at the indentation point of the Luzon arc with the Chinese continental margin. Our interpretations, though based predominantly on remote-sensing observations, are consistent with the available field evidence. This study demonstrates the usefulness of drainage basins as tectonic markers in the quantification of regional strain and uplift, which may have wider applicability in other deforming parts of the world.  相似文献   

A quantified study method and its application to sustainable management of water resources in arid basins     

ZUO QiTing  ZHOU KeFa  XIA Jun  CHEN Xi  WANG YongQin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z1):9-15

  相似文献   

数字高程模型在流域水文模型应用中的若干问题   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

孔凡哲  芮孝芳 《水文》2002,22(5):1-4

数字高程模型(DEM)在流域水文模型中得到了广泛应用,主要是因为DEM能够自动提取流域水文模型所需要的确定流域排水结构的水文信息。回顾并讨论了DEM在流域水文模型应用中的几个问题,主要包括河网自动提取的方法、DEM中排水方向的确定以及封闭洼地的处理,同时还包括在流域水文模型中应用时DEM的结构类型及尺度问题。由于由DEM生成的模拟河网与流域实际河网间存在一定的差别,最后还讨论了如何对模拟河网进行矫正的问题。  相似文献   

黄河流域水循环研究的进展和展望   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：7  

刘苏峡  张士锋  刘昌明 《地理研究》2001,20(3):257-265

总结了黄河流域水循环研究的进展,指出缺乏立足于水循环整体的机理过程的探讨及缺乏较成熟的流域水文模型是已有研究的不足。为能更好地模拟水文过程对各种作用力的响应,今后研究的方向将是建立既考虑垂向水分和能量传输(如降水,蒸发,感热),又考虑水平向的地表水分运动(汇流)和地下水基流过程的黄河流域的分布式水文模型。模型将结合遥感信息与地面资料,建立与区域大气环流模式(GCM)的接口,辅之以野外生态试验小区、径流试验场和室内试验的资料,以深入探索黄河流域水循环动力学机制  相似文献   

元宝山露天矿基岩含水层疏干方法研究     

王儒军  田文明等 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(1):35-37

以大量的水文地质资料和抽水试验以及相邻矿井放水试验实测数据，对元宝山露天煤矿基岩含水层的可疏必及可利用巷道疏干的方法，进行了分析，论证与研究，通过放水试验，初步证明元宝山露天矿基岩含水层采用巷道疏干的方法是可行的。  相似文献