基于欧洲“伽利略”系统的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵方泉  吕敏  张捍卫 《地理空间信息》2004,2(2):23-25

“伽利略”计划是欧盟为了打破美国的GPS在卫星导航定位这一领域的垄断而启动的迄今为止欧洲将要开发的最重要的航天计划。该计划可谓“一波三折”,搁浅时间长达14个月。尽管如此,无论从技术角度、经济角度,还是从战略角度出发,该计划都是值得研究的。文章重点围绕“伽利略”系统的体系结构、特点及该计划的重大意义展开论述,同时,就计划进展和搁浅原因等作简单介绍。  相似文献   

Position and velocity reliability testing in degraded GPS signal environments   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Heidi?Kuusniemi  Gérard?LachapelleEmail author  Jarmo?H.?Takala 《GPS Solutions》2004,8(4):226-237

Reliability testing, namely receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), consists of statistical testing of least-squares residuals of observations, e.g., on an epoch-by-epoch basis aiming towards reliable navigation fault detection and exclusion (FDE). In this paper, classic RAIM and FDE methods are extended with testing of range-rate residuals to find inconsistent velocity solutions in order to contribute to the reliability of the system with special focus on degraded signal environments. Reliability enhancement efforts discussed include a Backward-FDE scheme based on statistical outlier detection and an iteratively reweighted robust estimation technique, a modified Danish method. In addition, measurement weighting assigned to code and Doppler observations is assessed in the paper in order to allow fitting a priori variance models to the estimation processes. The schemes discussed are also suitable in terms of computational convenience for a combined GPS/Galileo system. The objective of this paper is to assess position and velocity reliability testing and enhancement in urban and indoor conditions and to analyze the navigation accuracy conditions with high sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) tests. The results show the necessity of weighted estimation and FDE for reliability enhancement in degraded signal-environment navigation.  相似文献   

Improved relativistic transformations in GPS   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

J.?KoubaEmail author 《GPS Solutions》2004,8(3):170-180

For GPS satellite clocks, a nominal (hardware) frequency offset and a conventional periodic relativistic correction derived as a dot product of the satellite position and velocity vectors, are used to compensate the relativistic effects. The conventional hardware clock rate offset of 38,575.008 ns/day corresponds to a nominal orbit semi-major axis of about 26,561,400 m. For some of the GPS satellites, the departures from the nominal semi-major axis can cause an apparent clock rate up to 10 ns/day. GPS orbit perturbations, together with the earth gravity field oblateness, which is largely responsible for the orbit perturbations, cause the standard GPS relativistic transformations to depart from the rigorous relativity transformation by up to 0.2 ns/day. In addition, the conventional periodic relativistic correction exhibits periodic errors with amplitudes of about 0.1 and 0.2 ns, with periods of about 6 h and 14 days, respectively. Using an analytical integration of the gravity oblateness term (J₂), a simple analytical approximation was derived for the apparent clock rate and the 6-h periodic errors of the standard GPS gravity correction. For daily linear representations of GPS satellite clocks, the improved relativistic formula was found to agree with the precise numerical integration of the GPS relativistic effects within about 0.015 ns. For most of the Block IIR satellites, the 6-h periodical errors of the GPS conventional relativistic correction are already detectable in the recent IGS final clock combinations.  相似文献   

SDINS/GPS in-flight alignment using GPS carrier phase rate     

Joon?Goo?Park  Jang?Gyu?Lee  Chan?Gook?ParkEmail author 《GPS Solutions》2004,8(2):74-81

The alignments of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS) utilizing GPS carrier phase rate measurements is introduced. In this paper, a measurement model of GPS carrier phase rate under two antenna configurations is derived in order to be used for the SDINS alignment process. For in-flight alignment, the performance of the proposed SDINS/GPS integration method is analyzed using the covariance analysis and the overall performance is briefly confirmed by the navigation result of a van test. Furthermore, we find that during in-flight alignment the proposed SDINS/GPS integrated system using GPS carrier phase rate measurements can be implemented in real time because the integer ambiguity problem resulting from carrier phase measurements is avoided.  相似文献   

基于"3S"技术的地质灾害易损性面评价方法研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨华  赵纯勇  张永兴 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):96-101,125

易损性评价是地质灾害灾情评估体系中一个非常重要的内容。它揭示了地质灾害基本构成元素之一的承灾体的社会经济属性,对整个地灾灾情评估体系完整性的构建及评价结果的科学性、明确性、统一性表达具有举足轻重的作用。文章以等面积法作为基本手段,根据评价区实际情况算得的离散等积网格作为评价模板。结合“3S”(GIS、RS、GPS)技术,探讨地质灾害易损性面评价的实现方式,旨在提出“3S”框架内的地质灾害灾情评估实现模式。在具体操作层面上,文章提出了为实现易损性面评估而确立的评价对象之层次分类方法、评价模板构造计算方法、空间数据库建设方法、基于空间数据库的空间分析方法以及空间信息集成模型。重点讨论在空间数据完整性基础上的多源数据融合处理模式及以GIS空间分析算法模式为蓝本的空间数据处理和集成手段。在理念层面上,文章将空间分析实现方法分为现实评价区域、概念评价区域、数字评价区域、逻辑映射虚拟区域等4个阶段,认为在GIS环境下的地灾灾情评价原始空间数据、派生空间数据以及经专用模型集成后的结果空间数据的可视化表达方式可以分为颜色序列、数字高程模型(DTM)及等值线3种表达方式。最后提出实现地质灾害易损性面评价的一般操作流程。  相似文献   

Monitoring Crustal Movement of the Coastal Zone in Eastern China with GPS Technique     

DING Ji-xin  YANG Zhi-fa  SHANG Yan-jun 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

In this paper, various dominating factors affecting crustal movement of the coastal zone in eastern China are analyzed, and major characteristics of crustal movement are summarized. Subduction of the pacific plate and Philippine plate and southeastward “escape“ of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are believed to be dominating factors affecting crustal movement of that zone. Undoubtedly, it is a best way to monitor this kind of large-scale crustal movement with GPS technique. The feasibility of monitoring crustal m...  相似文献   

The low seismic activity of the Korean Peninsula surrounded by high earthquake countries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S.G. Kim  E. Lkhasuren  P.-H. Park 《Journal of Seismology》2004,8(1):91-103

Although the Korean Peninsula is locatednear several great earthquake regions suchas NE China and SW Japan, it has neversuffered from catastrophic earthquakes forthe last 2000 years according to historicaland instrumental records. We investigatedthe low seismicity of Korea based on thehypothesis of the Baikal-Korea Plate (BKP)or Amurian Plate movement which isinitiated by the Baikal Rift Zone spreadingin a southeastward motion with acounter-clockwise rotation due to thecollision of the Indian Plate against theEurasian Plate. Many disastrous earthquakesof NE China, SW Japan and Sakhalin releaselarge amounts of seismic energy along theboundary of the Baikal-Korea Plate. It isnecessary to compute the released seismicenergy along the presumed boundary of theBaikal-Korea Plate compared to the KoreanPeninsula in order to estimate themicro-plate boundary. The total energyreleases (1900–1999) from the majordisastrous earthquakes (M6.0) alongthe Baikal-Korea plate are about10³–10⁴ times as much as theKorean Peninsula (M3.0). The focalmechanisms for the intra-continentalearthquakes near and/or along theBaikal-Korea Plate boundary of NE China, SW Japan, Sakhalin and Mongolia mostlyrepresent the horizontal motions of theright-lateral strike slip type, indicatingthat the Baikal-Korea Plate is acounter-clockwise and transcurrent motion. The relative displacement vectors of GPS(global positioning system) also indicatedthat the Baikal-Korea Plate movescounter-clockwise around the KoreanPeninsula. These factors may indicate thatthe Korean Peninsula is not located at thePlate boundary, but just within a margin ofthe Baikal-Korea Plate which movessoutheastward with a counter-clockwiserotation from the Baikal Rift Zone in NEAsia. Therefore there is no enoughaccumulated strain to generate largeearthquakes in the Korean Peninsula and itmakes the Korean Peninsula free fromseismic hazard of large catastrophicearthquakes.  相似文献   

Recent landslide activity in Manaihan,East Belgium     

A.?Demoulin  T.?GladeEmail author 《Landslides》2004,1(4):305-310

Past landslides have been recognized in the Battice area in E-Belgium. In contrast to the other inactive landslides, the Manaihan landslide responded immediately to heavy rainfall events in the last two decades. This study aims to map its spatial extent and the dominant surface features; to measure surface displacement using GPS; to investigate subsurface structure with Cone penetration test (CPT) and corings; and to determine the depth of the shear surface by inclinometers. Results show a partial landslide reactivation. Surface velocities range between 20 and 40 cm/year and are strongly dependent on winter rainfall. CPT results give clear boundaries between the landslide mass and the undisturbed bedrock in the head scarp. Distinct shear surfaces have been determined with displacement rates up to 15.8 mm in 21 days. Further research should apply geophysical methods for two-dimensional information on the ground, investigate geotechnical properties of the landslide mass, model slope instability, and determine the influence of a sewage pipe crossing the central landslide mass as a potential cause for landslide activity.  相似文献   

GPS动态数据处理中的快速Kalman滤波算法     

郭树人  郭海荣  何海波  李献球  李彦 《测绘科学技术学报》2006,23(3):171-173

根据GPS数据处理中的Kalman滤波状态转移矩阵和设计矩阵大量存在零元素的特点,将其构造成特定稀疏矩阵.再利用稀疏矩阵乘法,同时结合矩阵对称性、矩阵求逆降维等方法,可大大减少Kalman滤波的乘法次数.在非差C/A伪距情况下,该算法乘法总次数不到传统算法的1/3;在双差伪距P1,P2 双差载波情况下,该算法乘法总次数甚至不到1/6;其耗时也只有传统算法的1/3左右,因而大大提高了Kalman滤波的计算效率.  相似文献   

GPS多路径效应实例计算与分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郭杭  余敏  薛光辉 《测绘科学》2006,31(5):95-96,56

本文讨论了一个GPS伪距多路径值计算及其频谱分析的方法。文中首先介绍了GPS多路径试验测量和观测数据采集的程序。然后探测和修复周跳、再利用伪距多路径计算公式,获得GPS测量中的伪距多路径值。实例证明该方法有效地计算出了伪距多路径值。  相似文献