Ages and geodynamic settings of Xilamulun Mo–Cu metallogenic belt in the northern part of the North China Craton     

Lian-chang Zhang  Hua-ying Wu  Bo Wan  Zhi-guang Chen 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):243

The Xilamulun belt along the northern part of the North China Craton is located in eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and has great economic potential for Mo–Cu mineralization. More than ten medium to large ore deposits have been discovered in this region in the recent years. The major types of mineralization type include porphyry (Chehugou Mo–Cu, Kulitou Mo–Cu, Xiaodonggou Mo and Jiguanshan Mo), quartz vein (Nianzigou Mo, Xinjing Mo), epithermal (Hongshanzi Mo–U) and alteration assemblage (Liulingou Mo). The timing of mineralization was previously thought to be Yanshanian (208–290 Ma), however, Indosinian (260–208 Ma) ages for intrusions and mineralization have been recognized in recent years. Based on geochronologic data and regional geological evidence, it is suggested that the mineralization in the Xilamulun belt was formed during multiple events. The mineralization processes are related to a post-collisional extension stage (~ 258–210 Ma) with the generation of the porphyry molybdenum–copper deposit, a tectonic stress transformation from NS to EW (~ 185–150 Ma) that gave rise to vein or porphyry molybdenum deposit, and a lithospheric thinning stage (~ 140–110 Ma) with porphyry molybdenum deposit.  相似文献   

西藏浦桑果铜多金属矿床中酸性岩石成因及动力学背景:年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

李壮  郎兴海  章奇志  何亮 《岩石学报》2019,35(3):737-759

浦桑果矿床位于拉萨地块冈底斯成矿带中段,为侵入岩体与钙质围岩接触带内形成的矽卡岩型高品位铜多金属矿床(Cu@1. 42%,Pb+Zn@2. 83%),是冈底斯成矿带目前唯一一个大型富铜铅锌(钴镍)矿床。本文以浦桑果矿床相关中酸性侵入岩体(黑云母花岗闪长岩和闪长玢岩)为主要研究对象,开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、全岩SrNd-Pb及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究,旨在厘定侵入岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及成岩成矿的动力学背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩和闪长玢岩侵位年龄分别为13. 6～14. 4Ma和13. 6～14. 6Ma,岩体形成时代均属中新世。岩石地球化学特征表明,闪长玢岩和黑云母花岗闪长岩均属高钾钙碱性I型花岗质岩石;岩石普遍具高Sr含量(599×10~(-6)～1616×10~(-6))、高Sr/Y(48. 2～132. 3)和高(La/Yb)N(19. 6～25. 4)比值特征,具低Y(10. 38×10~(-6)～12. 70×10~(-6))和Yb含量(0. 79×10~(-6)～1. 17×10~(-6))特征,表现出埃达克质岩的地球化学属性。全岩稀土元素表现为明显富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),而相对亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等(HFSE)。全岩Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,浦桑果矿床相关中酸性岩石与冈底斯成矿带中新世大多斑岩-矽卡岩矿床紧密相关的埃达克质侵入岩体具相似的同位素组成特征,指示岩石具同源岩浆特征且埃达克质岩浆主要起源于拉萨地块加厚新生下地壳。浦桑果矿床中酸性岩体主要形成于后碰撞伸展的构造背景,因碰撞挤压向后碰撞伸展背景的构造转换,引起印度大陆岩石圈发生拆沉(42～25Ma)及拉萨地块中富集岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,从而形成富含Cu、Co等基性岩浆熔体底侵加厚新生下地壳(25～18Ma),导致拉萨地块加厚新生下地壳中部分石榴子石角闪岩相发生部分熔融,最终形成闪长质熔体于浦桑果矿区有利构造部位形成具埃达克质属性的中酸性侵入岩体(13～14Ma)和矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体。  相似文献   

东天山古弧盆体系成矿规律与成矿模式   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

龙灵利  王京彬  王玉往  邓小华  毛启贵  孙燕  孙志远  张忠义 《岩石学报》2019,35(10):3161-3188

东天山是中亚增生型造山带的重要组成部分,随古亚洲洋的形成、演化和消亡,发育了东天山古生代弧盆体系。基于前人对东天山古生代构造演化与成矿规律的大量研究,针对以往研究相对薄弱的早古生代构造演化与成矿,本文重点论述了以卡拉塔格矿集区为代表的早古生代构造-岩浆-成矿研究新进展,从而进一步探讨了东天山古弧盆体系古生代构造演化与成矿规律。本文将东天山古弧盆体系划分为大南湖-头苏泉成矿带和阿奇山-雅满苏成矿带,又将前者划分为卡拉塔格成矿亚带和小热泉子-土屋成矿亚带;总结出其成矿具有VMS成矿系统与斑岩成矿系统共存、多种矿化类型叠加的特征;区域共发育两次大规模成矿事件,且均与大规模火山-侵入岩浆活动有关,进而构建了东天山古弧盆体系区域成矿模式;并指出东天山古生代弧-盆多方向、多期次的转换是导致该体系内VMS-斑岩型矿床共存、叠加成矿发育的主因。  相似文献   

Glacial isostatic adjustment in Fennoscandia from GRACE data and comparison with geodynamical models     

Holger Steffen  Heiner Denker  Jürgen Müller 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(3-5):155

The Earth’s gravity field observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission shows variations due to the integral effect of mass variations in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. Several institutions, such as the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam, the University of Texas at Austin, Center for Space Research (CSR) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, provide GRACE monthly solutions, which differ slightly due to the application of different reduction models and centre-specific processing schemes. The GRACE data are used to investigate the mass variations in Fennoscandia, an area which is strongly influenced by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Hence the focus is set on the computation of secular trends. Different filters (e.g. isotropic and non-isotropic filters) are discussed for the removal of high frequency noise to permit the extraction of the GIA signal. The resulting GRACE based mass variations are compared to global hydrology models (WGHM, LaDWorld) in order to (a) separate possible hydrological signals and (b) validate the hydrology models with regard to long period and secular components. In addition, a pattern matching algorithm is applied to localise the uplift centre, and finally the GRACE signal is compared with the results from a geodynamical modelling. The GRACE data clearly show temporal gravity variations in Fennoscandia. The secular variations are in good agreement with former studies and other independent data. The uplift centre is located over the Bothnian Bay, and the whole uplift area comprises the Scandinavian Peninsula and Finland. The secular variations derived from the GFZ, CSR and JPL monthly solutions differ up to 20%, which is not statistically significant, and the largest signal of about 1.2 Gal/year is obtained from the GFZ solution. Besides the GIA signal, two peaks with positive trend values of about 0.8 Gal/year exist in central eastern Europe, which are not GIA-induced, and also not explainable by the hydrology models. This may indicate that the recent global hydrology models have to be revised with respect to long period and secular components. Finally, the GRACE uplift signal is also in quite good agreement with the results from a simple geodynamical modelling.  相似文献   

青藏高原Moho界面起伏样式对通道流模型的动力学响应——基于数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

皮娇龙  滕吉文  杨辉 《地球物理学报》2014,57(9):2766-2776

青藏高原的高精度人工源深部地震探测发现：壳-幔边界（Moho）并非是一物理学上的“刚性”界面,它不仅起伏变化强烈,极为凹凸不平,而且被一系列规模不一,产状各异的深大断裂所切割,故必然会导致复杂的地表和深部物质运移动力学响应的复杂化.在常见的通道流模型中,一般均设定下地壳与上地幔之间为一平缓界面,在数值模拟工作中亦常简化为平滑的约束界面.为此,基于青藏高原实际资料提取的壳、幔介质平均速度模型,采用黏弹性数值模型讨论Moho界面起伏变换样式对通道流模型产生的响应.研究结果表明：（1）通道流效应的影响仅限于小区域内,当Moho面存在起伏样式变化时,确会对通道流产生影响,Moho界面的起伏增强了下地壳和岩石圈地幔的同步运动效应,但是其影响范围是有限的;（2）Moho界面起伏形态变化对地表和Moho界面水平位移产生的影响各异,在Moho界面发生错断的地方,呈现为地表水平位移开始发生明显加速减小的地方,即地表与深部介质水平位移解耦,模型深部动力学效应与地表的响应并非为局部性效应,而至少体现出区域性的响应.  相似文献   

THE EXPANSION METHOD: IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH*     

Stuart A. Foster 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(2):131-142

Geographic phenomena and our models of them are closely linked to the spatial-temporal contexts in which they are observed. The expansion method is a procedure that incorporates contextual effects into mathematical models. More importantly, it is the basis for a movement by some geographers away from the classical spatial science paradigm. The evolving paradigm associated with the expansion method represents a reformulation of the way in which geographers think about and use models, and is consistent with a more realistic perspective on the nature of geographic inquiry.  相似文献   

Geochemical response of magmas to Neogene–Quaternary continental collision in the Carpathian–Pannonian region: A review     

Ioan Seghedi  Hilary Downes  Szabolcs Harangi  Paul R.D. Mason  Zoltn Pcskay 《Tectonophysics》2005,410(1-4):485-499

The Carpathian–Pannonian Region contains Neogene to Quaternary magmatic rocks of highly diverse composition (calc-alkaline, shoshonitic and mafic alkalic) that were generated in response to complex microplate tectonics including subduction followed by roll-back, collision, subducted slab break-off, rotations and extension. Major element, trace element and isotopic geochemical data of representative parental lavas and mantle xenoliths suggests that subduction components were preserved in the mantle following the cessation of subduction, and were reactivated by asthenosphere uprise via subduction roll-back, slab detachment, slab-break-off or slab-tearing. Changes in the composition of the mantle through time are evident in the geochemistry, supporting established geodynamic models.Magmatism occurred in a back-arc setting in the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Basin (Western Segment), producing felsic volcaniclastic rocks between 21 to 18 Ma ago, followed by younger felsic and intermediate calc-alkaline lavas (18–8 Ma) and finished with alkalic-mafic basaltic volcanism (10–0.1 Ma). Volcanic rocks become younger in this segment towards the north. Geochemical data for the felsic and calc-alkaline rocks suggest a decrease in the subduction component through time and a change in source from a crustal one, through a mixed crustal/mantle source to a mantle source. Block rotation, subducted roll-back and continental collision triggered partial melting by either delamination and/or asthenosphere upwelling that also generated the younger alkalic-mafic magmatism.In the westernmost East Carpathians (Central Segment) calc-alkaline volcanism was simultaneously spread across ca. 100 km in several lineaments, parallel or perpendicular to the plane of continental collision, from 15 to 9 Ma. Geochemical studies indicate a heterogeneous mantle toward the back-arc with a larger degree of fluid-induced metasomatism, source enrichment and assimilation on moving north-eastward toward the presumed trench. Subduction-related roll-back may have triggered melting, although there may have been a role for back-arc extension and asthenosphere uprise related to slab break-off.Calc-alkaline and adakite-like magmas were erupted in the Apuseni Mountains volcanic area (Interior Segment) from15–9 Ma, without any apparent relationship with the coeval roll-back processes in the front of the orogen. Magmatic activity ended with OIB-like alkali basaltic (2.5 Ma) and shoshonitic magmatism (1.6 Ma). Lithosphere breakup may have been an important process during extreme block rotations (60°) between 14 and 12 Ma, leading to decompressional melting of the lithospheric and asthenospheric sources. Eruption of alkali basalts suggests decompressional melting of an OIB-source asthenosphere. Mixing of asthenospheric melts with melts from the metasomatized lithosphere along an east–west reactivated fault-system could be responsible for the generation of shoshonitic magmas during transtension and attenuation of the lithosphere.Voluminous calc-alkaline magmatism occurred in the Cãlimani-Gurghiu-Harghita volcanic area (South-eastern Segment) between 10 and 3.5 Ma. Activity continued south-eastwards into the South Harghita area, in which activity started (ca. 3.0–0.03 Ma, with contemporaneous eruption of calc-alkaline (some with adakite-like characteristics), shoshonitic and alkali basaltic magmas from 2 to 0.3 Ma. Along arc magma generation was related to progressive break-off of the subducted slab and asthenosphere uprise. For South Harghita, decompressional melting of an OIB-like asthenospheric mantle (producing alkali basalt magmas) coupled with fluid-dominated melting close to the subducted slab (generating adakite-like magmas) and mixing between slab-derived melts and asthenospheric melts (generating shoshonites) is suggested. Break-off and tearing of the subducted slab at shallow levels required explaining this situation.  相似文献   

一种顾及上下文的遥感影像模糊聚类   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

张路  廖明生 《遥感学报》2006,10(1):58-65

模糊聚类是非监督分类中的一类重要方法。传统的模糊聚类方法应用于遥感影像的非监督分类时，均未考虑到邻域像元间的统计依赖关系即上下文信息。针对这一缺陷，在Markov随机场模型框架下，引入了空间隶属度概念，提出了一种顾及上下文信息的模糊聚类算法，有效地提高了聚类精度和抗噪声能力。针对需要预先指定聚类个数的问题，采用了一种兼顾类别内部紧密程度和类别之间分离程度的评价指标，用以检验聚类结果的有效性。从而找出最优的聚类个数，在一定程度上提高了聚类结果的客观性。最后通过实验验证了本文算法的有效性。  相似文献   

移动环境下自适应地图可视化研究     

汪永红  刘小春  许德合  宋成杰 《测绘科学》2006,31(4):70-71,77

本文首先介绍了移动地图学的概念框架,然后在对移动环境下自适应地图可视化中涉及的用户模型、上下文模型进行分析的基础上,提出了自适应地图可视化的处理流程,并详细讨论了移动环境下自适应地图可视化中存取速度、显示速度、界面元素放置、载负量、符号设计、色彩设计、图例设计和方向设计这些关键技术的实现。  相似文献   

Gated communities in England: historical perspectives and current developments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sarah Blandy 《GeoJournal》2006,66(1-2):15-26

It is important to analyse the growth of gated communities and the drivers for their supply and demand, within the context specific to each country’s history. This article uses findings from recent studies of gated communities in England, together with historical material, to explore their typology. It considers the changing social, economic and political conditions which may lead to the emergence of defended collective housing, together with the history of property relations and the concept of public/private land within the English context.  相似文献