A review on reflective remote sensing and data assimilation techniques for enhanced agroecosystem modeling     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(2):165-193

During the last 50 years, the management of agroecosystems has been undergoing major changes to meet the growing demand for food, timber, fibre and fuel. As a result of this intensified use, the ecological status of many agroecosystems has been severely deteriorated. Modeling the behavior of agroecosystems is, therefore, of great help since it allows the definition of management strategies that maximize (crop) production while minimizing the environmental impacts. Remote sensing can support such modeling by offering information on the spatial and temporal variation of important canopy state variables which would be very difficult to obtain otherwise.In this paper, we present an overview of different methods that can be used to derive biophysical and biochemical canopy state variables from optical remote sensing data in the VNIR-SWIR regions. The overview is based on an extensive literature review where both statistical–empirical and physically based methods are discussed. Subsequently, the prevailing techniques of assimilating remote sensing data into agroecosystem models are outlined. The increasing complexity of data assimilation methods and of models describing agroecosystem functioning has significantly increased computational demands. For this reason, we include a short section on the potential of parallel processing to deal with the complex and computationally intensive algorithms described in the preceding sections.The studied literature reveals that many valuable techniques have been developed both for the retrieval of canopy state variables from reflective remote sensing data as for assimilating the retrieved variables in agroecosystem models. However, for agroecosystem modeling and remote sensing data assimilation to be commonly employed on a global operational basis, emphasis will have to be put on bridging the mismatch between data availability and accuracy on one hand, and model and user requirements on the other. This could be achieved by integrating imagery with different spatial, temporal, spectral, and angular resolutions, and the fusion of optical data with data of different origin, such as LIDAR and radar/microwave.  相似文献   

陕西关中及周边地区近500a来初夏旱涝事件初步分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

尹红  郭品文  刘洪滨  邵雪梅  LINDERHOLM Hans 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(1):51-56

基于华山树轮宽度差值年表重建的陕西关中及周边地区近500a来的初夏干燥指数序列,对该地区初夏极端旱涝事件及其连续旱涝变化特征进行了初步分析.区域干燥指数与Palmer指数在变化上极为相似,可用于反映该地区的旱涝变化.结果表明:该地区近500a来初夏共发生18次极端干旱事件和11次极端洪涝事件,除公元1521年与历史文献记录的旱涝事件相反,公元1513年、1574年、1675年和1945年未发现历史记录外,其余年份均能找到相应记录;近500a来初夏存在9个显著的连续偏旱期和10个显著的连续偏涝期,并以16和19世纪发生的连续旱涝事件最为频繁,而17和18世纪发生的旱涝事件相对较少,20世纪发生的干旱事件明显多于洪涝事件.  相似文献   

西安地区部分古遗址考古地磁研究          下载免费PDF全文

孟昭秦 《地质科学》1998,33(4):489-493

通过对陕西耀州窑遗址内4个古窑,临潼兵马俑一号坑,西铜一级公路经过黄堡工地开挖的两个五代窑,以及耀州窑博物馆仓库工地内开挖的一个金代窑和一个春秋窑遗址的古地磁研究,初步得出了西安地区古地磁场变化的规律,为鉴定从春秋到金代西安地区的古遗址、古文物提供了考古地磁学上的一个粗略的标准。  相似文献   

表外矿石利用途径   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘维阁 《矿产与地质》1998,12(5):349-352

近年来江西德兴、永平、武山铜矿开展了表外矿石回收利用的研究工作,总结了三种利用表外矿石的途径,（１）调整采矿指标,充分利用表外矿石的范围,（２）合理搭配矿石,综合回收表外矿石的有用组份,（３）结合市场动态,经济合理地改进开采计划和采用有效的采矿方法等实践证明其方法是可行的,既可充分合理利用资源,又可提高经济效益  相似文献   

赤道太平洋对流活动异常对我国夏季降水和气温的影响     

郭艳君  倪允琪 《气象》1998,24(6):11-16

利用月平均ＯＬＲ、降水和气温资料,研究了ＥＮＳＯ期间赤道太平洋对流活动与我国夏季降水和气温的关系。结果表明：春季、夏季中、西太平洋对流活动异常与我国夏季江淮地区的降水有密切关系;春季和前一年冬季西太平洋对流活动异常与东北地区夏季降水有显著相关。前一年冬季中、西太平洋对流活动异常与我国降水的显著相关区是不同的,前者为华南、西南地区,后者为东北至内蒙古一带。气温与同期中、西太平洋对流活动的相关不显著。  相似文献   

60年代末与70年代末中国4个地磁台处Jerk的分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈伯舫 《地球物理学报》1998,41(1):71-78

外场的影响可以通过一定的方法从地磁月均值中消除,本文用通日月均值资料分析了广州、余山、兰州和北京的Jerk的大小．结果显示,上述4台的X和Y分量都存在二次寻数阶跃．Z分量上Jerk不明显,只有兰州和北京台较易看出60年代末的Jerk．由于本文结果是尽量消除外场影响后的结果,又是中低纬度地区的结果,所以作者认为它可支持Jerk是源于地核的推论,而且认为应将60年代末的Jerk与70年代末的Jerk一并研究．  相似文献   

Response of BITS (a benthic index based on taxonomic sufficiency) to water and sedimentary variables and comparison with other indices in three Adriatic lagoons     

Cristina Munari  Elena Manini  Antonio Pusceddu  Roberto Danovaro  & Michele Mistri 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(2):255-268

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) recommends the development of biotic indices for assessing the ecological quality status of water bodies. The Benthic Index based on Taxonomic Sufficiency (BITS) was specifically developed for lagoonal systems, according to the tolerant/opportunistic approach. Macrobenthic data, variables indicative of eutrophication and variables indicative of sedimentary organic matter quality were collected during 18 surveys carried out between 2004 and 2005 in three Adriatic coastal lagoons (Venice Lagoon, Sacca di Goro, Lesina Lagoon). The relationship between environmental variables and biotic indices (AMBI, BENTIX, BITS, BOPA and FINE) was tested using multivariate analyses. Indices based on species classification level appeared to relate better with the variables describing organic matter quality, whereas BITS, which is based on family classification level, seemed related to eutrophication indicative variables, such as sulphide, ammonium, dissolved oxygen and orthophosphate concentrations. The BITS approach reduces the costs associated with sorting and identification of organisms. Providing a rapid assessment of ecological quality, and producing an ecologically relevant classification, BITS seems a promising tool for monitoring programs of Adriatic lagoonal ecosystems. Its sensitivity in reflecting the field conditions elsewhere, however, remains to be assessed.  相似文献   

Ecological quality of some Tunisian coast and lagoon locations,by using benthic community parameters and biotic indices     

Ahmed Afli  Rakia AyariSana Zaabi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Three Tunisian coastal and lagoon sites, variously affected by human activities, and differing according to their degree of communication with the sea, were studied. The total organic matter content and the granulometry of the sediment were measured and the macro-invertebrates were sampled and identified. Currently due to the lack of an efficient single biotic index for quality assessment, indications from these measurements can contribute to enrich our knowledge of the southern Mediterranean areas. Several biotic indices (AMBI, BENTIX, BOPA, BOPA modified, I2EC, ITI), most of which have been used in the context of the European Water Framework Directive, and some other structural parameters were used. The results show that the Bizerte lagoon, an almost closed area characterized mainly by extreme salinity/temperature and with a strong fluctuation of nutrients, appears biologically more impoverished. The Dkhila coast, which is more open to the sea, however, appears to be less dominated by the principal species. Biotic indices showed that the most polluted areas included the region exposed to urban inputs of Bizerte, the mouth of Hamdoun wadi and the harbour areas. In these locations, benthic macrofauna is dominated by opportunistic species like Capitella capitata, Scolelepis fuliginosa, Prionospio malmgreni, Polydora sp., Cirratulus cirratus and Cirriformia tentaculata. Other stations, which are farther from the sources of disturbance such as the mouths of the principal Wadis, the south of the Bizerte ship canal and the south of the Tunis bay, appear to be in good ecological condition and hosted a variety of sensitive species, Other stations were classified differently by the biotic indices used mainly because of the lack of a real inter-calibration of the various classification methodologies used by these indices.  相似文献   

Ⅰ型Seyfert星系的3000包与其在双色图上的表现     

鲍世综  周又元  程福臻  程富华  毛培根 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1990,(1)

本文从Ⅰ型Seyfert星系在双色图上的行为出发,假定可见光与紫外波段连续谱的主要成分包括幂律非热致辐射、黑体辐射、宽线区Balmer连续谱的复合辐射和高阶Balmer线辐射,计算了这些发射机制的参数,发现结果与从分光光度测量决定的参数符合很好。因此,本文结果对已测定色指数的Ⅰ型Seyfert星系可决定出其热致成分(黑体谱和Balmer连续谱)在全部辐射中占的比重;给出了研究类星体的可见光与紫外波段辐射机制的新方法。  相似文献   

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张松林  张昆 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(3):31-34

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