丹霞地貌发育几个重要问题的定量测算   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

黄进 《热带地理》2004,24(2):127-130

论述了用河流阶地冲积层相当于古河流平水期水面的样品年龄及该采样点至今日河流平水期水面的相对高度求得地壳上升速度,再由地壳上升速度及丹霞地貌的相对高度求得地貌年龄,由地貌年龄及陡崖谷地上缘的宽度求得岩壁后退速度,由地貌年龄及被蚀去的地貌体积求得侵蚀速度,这是地貌学由定性描述向定量研究的一次尝试.  相似文献   

干旱荒漠绿洲紫花苜蓿的节水灌溉及水效益分析——以民勤县为例   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

王祺  王继和  徐延双  崔宏明 《中国沙漠》2004,24(3):343-348

通过对民勤绿洲区8个紫花苜蓿品种的节水灌溉技术研究, 分析得出紫花苜蓿在刈割前10d灌溉的平均耗水系数比刈割后灌溉的平均耗水系数降低18.6%, 平均水效益提高23.3%; 采用沟畦小块(面积0.03hm²)刈割前10d灌溉的紫花苜蓿平均耗水系数为0.228kg·g^-1, 平均水效益为4.39kg·m^-3, 平均水经济效益为8.78元·m^-3; 是沟畦小块(0.03hm²)灌溉小麦耗水系数的47.2%, 水生产效益的212%, 水经济效益的309%。不同紫花苜蓿品种间水效益的研究表明, 加拿大Ranger Lander、Kane和新疆大叶苜蓿的水效益明显高于对照品种的水效益。同时, 通过对干旱荒漠区水资源紧缺、水资源有效利用率低以及种植业结构不合理的现状分析, 提出了改革种植业内部粮经饲以往的面积比例65:32:3为可行比例1:1:1, 以大力发展优良品种紫花苜蓿草产业为突破口, 走紫花苜蓿产业化道路最终实现高效节水持续农业的对策。  相似文献   

The effect of increasing gravel cover on forest roads for reduced sediment delivery to stream crossings          下载免费PDF全文

Kristopher R. Brown  Kevin J. McGuire  W. Michael Aust  W. Cully Hession  C. Andrew Dolloff 《水文研究》2015,29(6):1129-1140

Direct sediment inputs from forest roads at stream crossings are a major concern for water quality and aquatic habitat. Legacy road–stream crossing approaches, or the section of road leading to the stream, may have poor water and grade control upon reopening, thus increasing the potential for negative impacts to water quality. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on the entire running surface area associated with six reopened stream crossing approaches in the south‐western Virginia Piedmont physiographic region, USA. Event‐based surface run‐off and associated total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations were compared among a succession of gravel surfacing treatments that represented increasing intensities of best management practice (BMP) implementation. The three treatments were no gravel (10–19% cover), low gravel (34–60% cover), and high gravel (50–99% cover). Increased field hydraulic conductivity was associated with maximized surface cover and ranged from 7.2 to 41.6, 11.9 to 46.3, and 16.0 to 58.6 mm h⁻¹ respectively for the no gravel, low gravel, and high gravel treatments. Median TSS concentration of surface run‐off for the no gravel treatment (2.84 g l⁻¹) was greater than low gravel (1.10 g l⁻¹) and high gravel (0.82 g l⁻¹) by factors of 2.6 and 3.5 respectively. Stream crossing approaches with 90–99% surface cover had TSS concentrations below 1 g l⁻¹. Reducing the length of road segments that drain directly to the stream can reduce the costs associated with gravel surfacing. This research demonstrates that judicious and low‐cost BMPs can ameliorate poor water control and soil erosion associated with reopening legacy roads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

喀左地震台土体地应力观测映震效能分析     

赵秉权  贾晓东  孙伟利  陈忠奇  李友辉  周广峰 《东北地震研究》2011,27(2):48-52

本文通过整理喀左地震台地应力观测资料,并结合历史震例,对发生地震的时间、方位、震级与喀左地震台地应力异常特征的关系作出初步分析判断,认为喀左地震台土体应力观测对辽西及周边地区小震及中强震有很好的异常反应,有较好的映震效能,并对东北地区尤其是吉林深震有一定的异常显示。  相似文献   

双排弹性桩隔振屏障对平面SH波的多重散射     

夏唐代  孙苗苗  华伟南 《世界地震工程》2011,27(1)

提出了一种新的求解任意排列、任意半径的弹性桩对平面SH波的多重散射的理论方法,以解决以往假设单重散射的计算方法中不考虑桩列作为整体屏障从而忽略桩间相互干涉关系的不足,并且可用于分析多排弹性桩对平面SH波的散射性状。在数值计算分析中讨论了散射重数,排间距,桩土剪切模量比,桩数等对双排弹性桩屏障隔离效果的影响,从而对实际工程中利用排桩进行振动污染的治理和屏障隔振设计提出了重要的理论依据。  相似文献   

应用航空遥感划分沈阳地区地貌类型     

王丽 《国土资源》1990,(4)

以遥感解译为主,配合野外调查,作者对沈阳地区的地貌类型进行了划分。沈阳地区地貌可划分为4种成因类型,14种形态类型,各种地貌类型具有明显的影象特征。通过航片系统解译,提高了各类地貌形态界线的圈定精度,建立了全区地貌的立体模式。  相似文献   

面向卫星遥感影像检索定位的深度学习全局表征模型评估与分析     

施群山  蓝朝桢  徐青  周杨  胡校飞 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(11):2245-2263

如何快速获取无辅助参数卫星遥感影像地理位置是非合作方式获取的遥感影像信息充分利用的一个关键,利用影像特征的相似性对卫星遥感影像检索来实现定位,是获取无辅助参数卫星遥感影像地理位置的有效手段。为了探寻影像深度学习全局特征用于无辅助参数卫星遥感影像检索定位的可行性,建立了包括Precision@K、平均排序、特征提取时间、特征相似性计算时间、硬件消耗等,涵盖有效性、效率2个方面共计5类指标的评估体系。采用谷歌地球提供的影像数据作为基准影像,在资源三号夏季及冬季数据集上,分别利用AlexNet、VggNet、ResNet、DenseNet、EfficientNet等几种代表性的卷积神经网络预训练模型提取基准影像及查询影像的全局特征,依据评估体系中的指标,对这些网络模型的影像表征效果进行全面的量化评估与分析。试验分析结果表明,DenseNet、ResNet-18、VggNet这3个深度学习神经网络预训练模型提取的全局特征,综合表征效果较好,可有效用于卫星遥感影像检索定位;当K值取200时,DenseNet网络模型的Precision@K值可以达到59.5%,ResNet-18和VggNet网络模型紧随其后,分别为49.7%和48.0%,为进一步利用深度学习全局特征进行卫星遥感影像检索定位,找出了最佳的候选网络模型,为下一步模型优化等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率地形数据的断层陡坎形态演化与强震活动关系研究     

石霖  郑文俊  张岩  杨敬钧  张冬丽  黄荣  彭慧  毕海芸  唐清 《中国地震》2022,38(3):472-485

断层陡坎的形态可以保存有关断层带上地震活动等重要信息,陡坎上的坡折就是多次地震发生后陡坎演化留下的微地貌信息。以往研究选取的断层陡坎多为位于标准阶地面上的断层陡坎,而断层沿线地貌现象复杂,因此需要探索一种具有普适性的断层陡坎形态研究方法。本研究将常见的断层陡坎剖面按照形态划分为三种类型,以LiDAR技术获取的0.2m分辨率DEM数据为基础,选择了8个属于不同断层陡坎剖面类型的实验区,每个实验区采集不少于20条剖面,通过窗口检验确定研究区最佳数据获取移动窗口为7个像元并计算每条剖面的坡度值,通过坡度约束限定陡坎范围,进而识别坡折并获取坡折信息。对坡折信息进行概率密度统计,根据概率密度统计图中的峰值个数确定强震事件的次数。结果显示,陡坎形态研究结果与古地震探槽结果表现出较好的一致性,表明本文提出的陡坎形态研究方法可以适用于不同类型断层陡坎来确定强震事件次数。  相似文献   

Performance of the Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake disaster in different geomorphic units in Yunnan     

Jianlin Li  Zufeng Chang  Changwei Liu 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(2):100135

An M_S 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, on May 21, 2021. According to related investigations, the macro-epicenter of the earthquake is 6 km northwest of Yangbi County, and the seismogenic structure is the NW-trending Weixi-Qiaohou fault. The earthquake area is located in the hinterland of the Hengduan Mountains in the northwest of Yunnan province, a region dominated by high and medium-high mountains, with deep canyons and tectonic basins in between. Various geomorphic features are derived from drastic topographic changes and huge geological differences in the earthquake area. There are a variety of buildings in the earthquake-affected zone, including civil and brick-wood structures ones with weak seismic performance, as well as brick-concrete and frame ones with better seismic performance. This paper summarizes and analyzes different characteristics of the earthquake in different geomorphic units through field investigations of different buildings and geological disasters in the affected area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity, the damage to most buildings (located in slope areas or rooted in weak strata) is amplified by the earthquake. The earthquake has exerted an obvious propagation effect along the direction of the seismogenic structure. Moreover, local ground fissures will aggravate the damage to the buildings even without surface dislocation. Thus, we suggest that attention should be paid to the ground fissures caused by the slope effect. The fissure areas may also be the disaster spot of collapses and landslides in case of a high-magnitude earthquake.  相似文献   

Challenges at the early stages of the environmental licensing procedure and potential contributions from geomorphology     

Cristina I.Pereira  Celene B.Milanes  Rafael Sarda  Benjamin Cuker  Camilo M.Botero 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):36-45

Defining impact significance is the main technical task that influences decision-making during the Environmental Licensing Procedure(ELP).The ELP begins with screening to determine potentially signif-icant impacts of the proposed project.Scoping then follows to address any interventions deemed worthy of attention in the production of an Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA).This will include consider-ation of relevant landforms and geomorphological processes.However,preliminary assessments of envi-ronmental impacts often lack the scientific robustness to procure substantive and transactive effectiveness.This review presents an examination of the established practices of screening and scoping while highlighting the foremost challenges to improve the technical grounds of the ELP.The analysis of screening and scoping practices stresses the need for novel methods that ensure the sequential reasoning between their criteria while improving the preliminary evaluation of impact significance.Reducing the inherent subjectivity of discretionary judgment requires scientific methodologies that acknowledge the interaction between the natural system and human interventions,which has been addressed by geomor-phological research.The knowledge consolidated in this review opens the gate to explore the compatibil-ity between the United Nations strategy of Ecosystem Approach(EA)with the ELP through a novel geomorphological interpretation of the EIA.Therefore,this diagnosis demonstrate that screening and scoping practices would benefit from reliable methods that balance the precautionary principle with the efficient character required in the ELP.  相似文献