Geophysics For Slope Stability   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Robert Hack 《Surveys in Geophysics》2000,21(4):423-448

A pre-requisite in slope stability analyses is that the internal structure and the mechanical properties of the soil or rock mass of the slope, are known or can be estimated with a reasonable degree of certainty. Geophysical methods to determine the internal structure of a soil or rock mass may be used for this purpose. Various geophysical methods and their merits for slope stability analyses are discussed. Seismic methods are often the most suitable because the measurements depend on the mechanical properties that are also important in the mechanical calculation of slope stability analyses. Other geophysical methods, such as electromagnetic, electric resistivity, self-potential, and gravity methods, may be useful to determine the internal structure, but require a correlation of found boundaries with mechanical properties.  相似文献   

Post‐stack stratigraphic inversion workflow applied to carbon dioxide storage: application to the saline aquifer of Sleipner field‡     

Nicolas Delépine  Vincent Clochard  Karine Labat  Patrice Ricarte 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(1):132-144

In the Norwegian North Sea, the Sleipner field produces gas with a high CO₂ content. For environmental reasons, since 1996, more than 11 Mt of this carbon dioxide (CO₂) have been injected in the Utsira Sand saline aquifer located above the hydrocarbon reservoir. A series of seven 3D seismic surveys were recorded to monitor the CO₂ plume evolution. With this case study, time‐lapse seismics have been shown to be successful in mapping the spread of CO₂ over the past decade and to ensure the integrity of the overburden. Stratigraphic inversion of seismic data is currently used in the petroleum industry for quantitative reservoir characterization and enhanced oil recovery. Now it may also be used to evaluate the expansion of a CO₂ plume in an underground reservoir. The aim of this study is to estimate the P‐wave impedances via a Bayesian model‐based stratigraphic inversion. We have focused our study on the 1994 vintage before CO₂ injection and the 2006 vintage carried out after a CO₂ injection of 8.4 Mt. In spite of some difficulties due to the lack of time‐lapse well log data on the interest area, the full application of our inversion workflow allowed us to obtain, for the first time to our knowledge, 3D impedance cubes including the Utsira Sand. These results can be used to better characterize the spreading of CO₂ in a reservoir. With the post‐stack inversion workflow applied to CO₂ storage, we point out the importance of the a priori model and the issue to obtain coherent results between sequential inversions of different seismic vintages. The stacking velocity workflow that yields the migration model and the a priori model, specific to each vintage, can induce a slight inconsistency in the results.  相似文献   

Tomography of the Earth’s core using supernova neutrinos     

Manfred Lindner  Tommy Ohlsson  Ricard Toms  Walter Winter 《Astroparticle Physics》2003,19(6):755-770

We investigate the possibility to use the neutrinos coming from a future galactic supernova explosion to perform neutrino oscillation tomography of the Earth’s core. We propose to use existing or planned detectors, resulting in an additional payoff. Provided that all of the discussed uncertainties can be reduced as expected, we find that the average matter densities of the Earth’s inner and outer cores could be measured with a precision competitive with geophysics. However, since seismic waves are more sensitive to matter density jumps than average matter densities, neutrino physics would give partly complementary information.  相似文献   

城市地球物理学发展展望   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈顒  陈龙生  于晟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(4):1-4

目前，全球50％以上的人口生活在地球表面不到1％的面积上，城市化是当今全球发展的重要趋势。人类活动是生物圈中最重要的活动之一。半个世纪以来，人类活动的重要特征就是人口的城市化。作为传统地球物理学的一个新的发展领域，城市地球物理学就应运而生了。城市面临的环境问题和灾害减轻问题，都要求发展城市地下三维地图的科学基础。地下三维地图既是城市地球物理学的核心科学问题，也是我国地球物理学家面临的挑战和机遇。城市地球物理是地球物理学新的发展领域。  相似文献   

Tidal encounters of ellipsoidal granular asteroids with planets     

Ishan Sharma  James T. Jenkins 《Icarus》2006,183(2):312-330

We investigate planetary fly-bys of asteroids using an approximate volume-averaged method that offers a relatively simple, but very flexible, approach to study the rotational dynamics of ellipsoids. The asteroid is considered to be a deformable, prolate ellipsoid, with its interior being modeled as a rigid-granular material. Effects due to the asteroid's rotation, its self-gravity and gravitational interaction with the planet are included. Using a simplified approach allows us to explore in detail the mechanics of asteroid's deformations and disruptions during planetary encounters. We also compare our results with those obtained by Richardson et al. [Richardson, D.C., Bottke Jr., W.F., Love, S.G., 1998. Icarus 134, 47-76] who used a large numerical code. We find that many of the features reported by them can indeed be captured by our rather simple methodology, and we discuss the reasons why some of our results differ from theirs.  相似文献   

Planetary dynamos: effects of electrically conducting flows overlying turbulent regions of magnetic field generation     

Gerald Schubert  Kit H. Chan  Keke Zhang 《Icarus》2004,172(2):305-315

A fully three-dimensional, nonlinear, time-dependent, multi-layered spherical kinematic dynamo model is used to study the effect on the observable external magnetic field of flow in an electrically conducting layer above a spherical turbulent dynamo region in which the α effect generates the magnetic field. It is shown that the amplitude and structure of an observable planetary magnetic field are largely determined by the magnitude and structure of the flow in the overlying layer. It is also shown that a strong-field planetary dynamo can be readily produced by the effect of an electrically conducting flow layer at the top of a convective core. The overlying layer and the underlying convective region constitute a magnetically strongly coupled system. Such overlying layers might exist at the top of the Earth's core due to chemical or thermal causes, in the cores of other terrestrial planets for similar reasons, and in Saturn due to the differentiation of helium from hydrogen. An electrically conducting and differentially rotating layer could exist above the metallic hydrogen region in Jupiter and affect the jovian magnetic field similar to the overlying layers in other planets. Lateral temperature gradients resulting in thermal winds drive the flow in the overlying layers. All planetary magnetic fields could be maintained by similar turbulent convective dynamos in the field-generation regions of planets with the differences among observable magnetic fields due to different circulations in the overlying electrically conducting layers.  相似文献   

Analyzing the differences of brackish-water in the Badain Lake by geophysical exploration method          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Hong-wei  MU Hai-dong  XIA Fan 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(3):187-192

BadainJ aran Desert of Inner Mongolia is arid and rainless all the year around,with much more evaporation than rainfall.But the special groundwater recharge mechanism contributes to the generation of several lakes of different sizes that have never not dried up for years,among which there are many freshwater lakes.As the research object in this paper,East Badain Lake and West Badain Lake in the southeast of the desert,which are less than 50m away from each other,show the considerable difference in mineralization.In fact,one is a freshwater lake,but the other is a brackish-water lake.Considering the underground aquifer structure of BadainJ aran Desert and the special formation structure the particularity of the stratigraphic structure around Badain Lake,the author uses AMT(audio magneto telluric)method and ultra-high density resistivity method to analyze the difference in mineralization of East Badain Lake and West Badain Lake from the perspective of geophysical prospecting methods.  相似文献   

A possible case of Sporadic Aurora in 1843 from Mexico     

José Manuel Vaquero  María Cruz Gallego  Fernando Domínguez-Castro 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(1):87-92

In recent years, some authors have shown that some auroras can be observed at relatively low latitude when the geomagnetic activity is quiet or moderate. This very special type of aurora is called “sporadic aurora”. We present and analyze in this work a possible case of “sporadic aurora” observed in Mexico on the 19 April 1843. Moreover, we study the solar and auroral activity around this event.  相似文献   

回顾与前瞻——《地球物理学进展》22年来的办刊实践与体会   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘少华 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(6):1980-1991

回顾了《地球物理学进展》(以下简称《进展》)创刊22周年的发展历程,总结了《进展》创办过程中的探索与实践经验.根据计量学统计,分析了《进展》目前在我国期刊行业中的地位和发展趋势.认为《进展》经过20余年的发展,已成为国内地球物理学领域有影响的核心刊物.作者也指出了《进展》的不足并给出解决方案,提出了创立一流刊物的发展目标和措施,期望广大作者读者关心、爱护《进展》,参与到《进展》的共建中来.  相似文献   

Aram Chaos and its constraints on the surface heat flux of Mars     

Sandra Schumacher  Tanja E. Zegers 《Icarus》2011,211(1):305-315

The surface heat flux of a planet is an important parameter to characterize its internal activity and to determine its thermal evolution. Here we report on a new method to constrain the surface heat flux of Mars during the Hesperian. For this, we explore the consequences for the martian surface heat flux from a recently presented new hypothesis for the formation of Aram Chaos (Zegers, T.E., Oosthoek, J.H.P., Rossi, A.P., Blom, J.K., Schumacher, S. [2010]. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 297, 496-504. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.049.). In this hypothesis the chaotic terrain is thought to have formed by melting of a buried ice sheet. The slow sedimentation and burial of the ice sheet led to an increased thermal insulation of the ice and subsequently to a temperature increase high enough to trigger melting and the formation of the subsurface lake. As these processes highly depend on the thermal properties of the subsurface and especially on the surface heat flux, it is possible to constrain the latter by using numerical simulations. Based on the hypothesis for the formation of Aram Chaos, we conducted an extensive parameter study to determine the parameter settings leading to sufficient melting of the buried ice sheet. We find that the surface heat flux in the Aram Chaos region during the Hesperian was most likely between 20 and 45 mW m⁻² with a possible maximum value of up to 60 mW m⁻².  相似文献