中德合作开展流动台阵近场地震观测和北京地区防震减灾研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王培德  陈运泰 《国际地震动态》2001,(5):8-12

中国地震局和德国联邦地球科学和自然资源研究院将于2001年春季开始一项“流动台阵近场地震观测和北京地区防震减灾”的国际地震合作计划。该计划将使用由新一代数字地震仪构成的流动台阵在北京西北的延庆和中国大陆的其他地震活动区进行地震近场观测。这项计划的执行对于地震学基础研究，特别是探索地震震源过程的复杂性和首都地区的防震减灾都有重要意义。  相似文献   

Typology of streams in Germany based on benthic invertebrates: Ecoregions, zonation, geology and substrate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Armin Lorenz  Christian K. Feld  Daniel Hering 《Limnologica》2004,34(4):379-389

Based on 390 benthic invertebrate samples from near-natural streams in Germany we defined eight stream type groups by Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS). The taxa lists were restricted to Mollusca, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera species and evaluated on presence/absence level. At genus level, streams located in the lowlands differ from streams in lower mountainous areas and the Alps, while the two latter groups were undistinguishable. At species level, a clear separation of different stream size classes is visible in the lowlands; a second gradient is related to the bottom substrate. Streams in the Alps can be distinguished from streams in lower mountainous areas at species level. Within the lower mountainous regions a size gradient is detectable, a less obvious gradient indicates catchment geology. The resulting “bottom-up” stream typology is compared to other stream typological systems in Germany.  相似文献   

Archaeomagnetic secular variation in Germany during the past 2500 years     

Elisabeth Schnepp  Philippe Lanos 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,163(2):479-490

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Assessment of river habitat in Brandenburg, Germany     

Ulrich Kamp  Rainer Bock  Konrad Hlzl 《Limnologica》2004,34(3):176-186

A habitat assessment of 1,707 km of rivers in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, was undertaken using the desk-based ‘overview method’. This method includes the analysis of different sources such as topographic and thematic maps, reports, remote sensing data, and interviews with authorities. It compares actual habitat conditions with natural conditions, and assesses the human disturbances using a seven-step scale. Results show, that in Brandenburg more than 50% of surveyed river units are heavily (class 5) to totally disturbed (class 7) and only slightly more than 20% are undisturbed (class 1) to little disturbed (class 2). Main human disturbances are canalization, bank stabilizations, flood control, migration barriers, and agricultural and urban development in the floodplain. All survey data and maps are embedded in a geographical information system (GIS) that not only allows future analysis and use in river restoration management by experts, but also serves as information for the public. The river habitat map of Brandenburg is part of the river habitat map of the entire Germany.  相似文献   

Implications of EU-Water Framework Directive for the East German Postmining Landscape Lausitz: Coping with a sparse knowledge of the underground   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bastian Johannes Graupner  Friedrich-Carl Benthaus  Stephan Bürger  Florian Werner 《Limnologica》2005,35(3):199-205

Mining dumps are major sources of pollutants within the mining area of Lausitz, especially sulphate and iron. Their existence in catchment areas comprising groundwater bodies or lakes often imposes negative effects on the water quality. The European Union Water Framework Directive [EU-WFD, 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. The European Parliament and Council, L327/1, p. 72] aims to achieve ‘good quality’ status for all water bodies across Europe by 2015. Consequently, predicting the development of ground and lake water quality is necessary and must be based on the geochemical composition of the mining dumps. Therefore, the dumps need to be quantified as pollutant sources.A method to calculate the amount of sulphate in mine dumps is presented. It is based on historic geological and geochemical data characterising the pre-mining situation. Additional information on the dump body, derived from the vertical extension of mining activities and the current Digital Elevation Model (DEM), allows the composition of the dump to be determined. This procedure is demonstrated for the Bärwalde site. An average total sulphur content of 0.62% (5.9 million tonnes) was calculated for the Bärwalde dump. About 40% of it is estimated to be pyrite sulphur. Applying an average pyrite oxidation rate for the whole dump body of 7% led to an additional water-soluble mass of 0.18 million tonnes of sulphate sulphur.Applying this technique to all mine dumps managed by the postmining administration company LMBV, will improve our knowledge of the catchment area for the different lakes of Lausitz and will form an essential basis for reactive transport calculations.  相似文献   

SOLAR ACTIVITY VARIATIONS RECORDED IN VARVED SEDIMENTS FROM THE CRATER LAKE OF HOLZMAAR – A MAAR LAKE IN THE WESTEIFEL VOLCANIC FIELD, GERMANY     

H. Vos  A. Sanchez  B. Zolitschka  A. Brauer  J.F.W. Negendank 《Surveys in Geophysics》1997,18(2-3):163-182

Annually laminated sediments from Lake Holzmaar (Germany) provide high resolution sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental data of the last 22,500 years. Weichselian periglacial varves and Holocene organic varves indicate different depositional environments. For the best preserved sections from both parts, spectral analyses were performed in order to detect cyclic fluctuations in varve thickness. Weichselian varves are dominated by an 88 year periodicity. Linear spectral analysis of Holocene varves provides no significant cyclicity. But, supposing nonlinear transformations of the solar signal through the Lake Holzmaar ecosystem during the Holocene, an adequate nonlinear spectral analysis method was able to detect periodicities of 11, 88, and 208 years. The existence of these cyclicities, comparable to the solar activity fluctuations, give further evidence for the existence of a sun-climate relationship, based on a not yet completely understood mechanism.  相似文献   

Scheme for development of monitoring networks for springs in Bavaria, Germany     

Steffen Bender  Florian Einsiedl  Stefan Wohnlich 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(2):208-216

The present groundwater monitoring network in Bavaria consists mostly of wells and only a small number of natural groundwater springs, all of which are analyzed for mainly the common physical and chemical constituents in groundwater. In order to develop a long-term groundwater management plan for all the groundwater resources of Bavaria, the Bavarian State Office for Water Management intends to establish a separate spring-monitoring network throughout the 11 groundwater provinces of the state. As a first step, significant physicochemical parameters that show considerable annual fluctuation (after monitoring 1–3 years) were determined at 21 springs or spring systems to create a basic data set to guide future monitoring. A selection procedure was developed around four parameters: (1) geological units, which includes the principal aquifers; (2) rate of spring discharge; (3) land utilization within a catchment; and (4) approximate size of the subterranean catchment. However, in the initial phase of the study, only the first three parameters were investigated. These parameters established a matrix for evaluating each groundwater region of Bavaria to aid in the selection of additional springs for the proposed monitoring network. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Regional and local variations in the emerging economic landscape of the new German Länder     

Philip N. Jones  Trevor Wild 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1997,17(4):283-299

Events in eastern Germany since 1989 pose major challenges for geographical interpretation. This paper examines the spatial impacts of the post-unification economic and social upheavals in the new Länder. Using unemployment rates as a key indicator of regional differentiation, spatial variability within the new Länder is examined in terms of two fundamental dimensions. First, the relationship with former patterns of economic specialization is explored, and secondly, the effects of basic geographical properties such as settlement structure, location and peripherality. Prominent regional polarities are described, notably between major agglomeration cores and rural residuals, and between ‘bridgehead’ locations and less-accessible districts. Within this context the paper then identifies some ‘green shoots’ of recovery and new growth. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating sub-regional variations into any new framework of regional policy.  相似文献   

Economic transformation, locality and policy in eastern Germany: A comparison of two Länder     

Tassilo Herrschel 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1997,17(4):267-281

Economic transformation in post-socialist eastern Germany revealed inherent inequalities in development opportunities, which had been disguised during the socialist ancien régime. Using local examples from the two contrasting Länder of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Saxony, this paper explores how market forces not only exposed these differences, but further entrenched them at the regional and local scales. Local economies demonstrate the differential development very clearly, exposing the significance of regional economic context and raisons d'être of local economic structures. This is genuine locational advantages vis-à-vis activities imposed through ideology rather than economy-driven decrees by the old GDR regime. Many of these state-decreed activities lacked local, and regional, embeddedness, rendering the respective local economies most vulnerable to market operation. They will continue to rely on state support. The problems were exacerbated in those localities lacking support from a regional economy, as in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Conversely, market-favoured, economically attractive regions, like Saxony, generally help localities develop their new economic roles, including those with few indigenous advantages. These fundamental differences in opportunities, illustrated here for six cities, are reflected in local policy-making, especially the role of localness and utilization of local identity.  相似文献   

Untersuchungsergebnisse zu waschmittelrelevanten Inhaltsstoffen in ostdeutschen Fließgewässern     

J. Germanus  P. Krings  N. Stelter 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1995,23(6):289-297

Results of Investigations of Substances Deriving from Detergents in Eastern German Rivers Based on detergent related parameters like surfactants, phosphate, and boron as well as general pollution parameters like TOC, DOC, COD and O₂, a differentiated picture of the loading situation of the most important rivers in Eastern Germany is drawn. In comparison with investigations previously carried out in the GDR, the development of the surface water pollution will be demonstrated, and it can be shown that a significant improvement of the water quality has taken place. Comparisons between the loads of the river Rhine and those found in East German rivers show clear differences that are obviously due to different populations in the river catchment areas as well as to different hydrographical conditions. Increased surfactant and boron concentrations can be found especially in smaller Eastern German rivers with relatively great catchment areas. The introduction of phosphate replacements in detergents in 1990 led to a drastic reduction of the phosphate concentrations in most Eastern German rivers.  相似文献