Temporal and life history related trends of perfluorochemicals in harbor porpoises from the Danish North Sea     

Galatius A  Dietz R  Rigét FF  Sonne C  Kinze CC  Lockyer C  Bossi R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1476-1483

Eighty-five stranded or bycaught harbor porpoises collected from the Danish North Sea between 1980 and 2005 were analyzed for perfluorochemicals in the liver. PFOS was the predominant compound, making up on average 88.9% of the ∑PFC, followed by PFOSA (7.8%). PFUnA (1.9%) and PFDA (1.2%) were detected in most samples. PFHxS, PFNA and PFOA were only found in a minority of the samples. We found substantial differences in PFC concentrations among life history stages, the highest concentrations were found in neonates, suckling juveniles and lactating females. Such differences should be considered when PFC levels in wildlife are evaluated. The high concentrations found in young porpoises are of concern as PFCs have known toxic effects on the development of the central nervous system and reproductive organs. Despite efforts to reduce PFC emissions, a decreasing temporal trend of concentrations was not detected for any compound. PFCA concentrations were found to be increasing.  相似文献   

Co-existence of seals and fisheries? Adaptation of a coastal fishery for recovery of the Baltic grey seal     

Riku Varjopuro 《Marine Policy》2011

A complex controversy emerged when the grey seal population in the Baltic Sea recovered after decades of stagnation. The seals now cause substantial economic losses to coastal fisheries. The paper analyses the attempts taken in Finland to mitigate the problems of fishermen. The mitigation attempts include the hunting of seals, fishing technology development, economic compensations and more comprehensive management approaches. These measures are discussed in light of the long-term sustainability and adaptability of a coastal fishery. This question is important with respect to further discussions on the possibility of the coastal fishery’s co-existence with seals and sheds light on more general goals for the adaptability in the management of social–ecological systems. The paper concludes that the more comprehensive measures taken have acknowledged the need to enhance the fishery’s adaptability, but the managerial approach they represent falls short of the requirements for successful adaptive management, especially in terms of embedding the management into specific coastal contexts.  相似文献   

油页岩原位注浆封闭浆液配方研究          下载免费PDF全文

王亚斐  陈晨  朱江  朱颖  翟梁皓 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):77-82

油页岩在原位开采过程中,开采井与周围环境相通,原位产生的油气容易渗入周围地层形成环境污染,目前尚没有一种经济性较好的原位封闭技术来解决该难题。本文基于注浆封闭原理,通过试验探究,提出采用无污染且造价低的超细水泥注浆配方来对开采区进行封闭。经过系列配方的优化选择,最终确定优化的配方是水灰比为0.8,微硅粉掺量为6%,膨润土掺量为2%,聚羧酸减水剂掺量为0.4%,此时浆液的性能基本达到工程要求。  相似文献   

烟台市龙口港污损生物生态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冷宇  李继业  刘一霆  赵升  刘旭东 《海洋通报》2012,31(4):454-459

于2007年03月22日至2008年03月21日在山东省烟台市龙口港附近海域,进行了为期1年的挂板试验,本次调查共记录该海域污损生物32种,优势种为内枝多管藻(Polysiphonia morrowii)、软丝藻(Ulothrix flacca.)、肠浒苔(Entermorpha intestinalis)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)等.该海域全年均有污损生物附着,月板平均生物量为525.18 g/m2,5-11月的生物附着量较高,最高值出现在7月;季板平均生物量为1569.39 g/m2,生物群落的种类组成和生物量变化明显,其中秋季板生物量最高,龙口海域污损生物的附着种类受季节性水温变化的影响比较明显,藻类开始附着的温度低于动物.4个季度污损生物的种群多样性指数(H忆)春季最高,均匀度指数(J)和种群丰富度指数(M)则夏季最高.统计分析表明,龙口港海域污损生物群落可大致划分为 4个组群,秋季附着的污损生物代表了试验海域的主要特征,同时揭示出污损生物附着季节、演替时间长短等是影响群落种类组成的重要因素  相似文献   

Effects of paraquat on invertebrates in a Canterbury stream,New Zealand     

A. M. R. Burnet 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):448-455

During 1966 and 1967, paraquat was applied on three occasions at 2 ppm for 30 min to control aquatic weeds in the South Branch experimental stream, a tributary of the lower Waimakariri River, Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Effects on the invertebrate fauna of the stream were studied before, during, and after the applications, by Surber and drift‐net samples.

After a heavy initial kill, the paraquat treatment reduced the number of amphipods caught in the drift fauna to 5% of the pre‐treatment level, and there was a slight reduction in the numbers of hemipterans. The total numbers in Surber samples increased markedly a year after treatments ended, mainly due to increased numbers of trichopterans.  相似文献   

海南东寨港红树林景观变化与原因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

辛琨  黄星 《湿地科学与管理》2009,5(2)

以TM遥感卫星影像为数据源,借助GIS和RS技术获得海南东寨港红树林3个时期红树林分布图;进一步运用景观指数定量分析红树林在不同时期的变化特征。结果表明,近20年来,东寨港红树林各景观指数均有明显变化。其中,表征面积变化特征的景观相似性指数(LSI)和平均斑块面积(APA)有明显的下降趋势;而表征破碎化程度的单位周长斑块数(NPUP)和边界密度(PERD)呈上升趋势;形状指标(SI)也有下降趋势。说明东寨港的红树林在过去的20年,经历了衰减和破碎化过程;从不同角度,进一步分析了变化产生的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

“压稳防漏”固井工艺在旬邑-宜君区块的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

汤祖明 《探矿工程》2019,46(6):41-46

旬邑—宜君区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡南与渭北隆起结合部,目前处于开发初期阶段。由于三叠系延长组地层沉积环境及后期构造运动的原因,形成地层不整合接触裂缝和地层应力裂缝,造成在钻井与固井过程中易发生漏失,导致水泥浆上返不足,上部井段未得到有效封固。本文通过对工区地层情况、钻进方式和设备、水泥浆浆柱结构以及施工工艺方面进行研究,探究漏失发生的主要因素。为达到提高油气层封固质量的目的,在工程上针对性地提出防漏措施,优化水泥浆配方,使浆体具有一定堵漏性能,依据“压稳防漏”平衡固井理念,更改浆柱结构和施工工艺。通过采用新技术措施后,工区内油气井环空水泥浆返高及胶结质量满足后期压裂改造要求。  相似文献   

Influence of offshore topography on the amplification of infragravity oscillations within a harbor     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The main purpose of this article is to systematically investigate the influence of offshore fringing reef topography on the infragravity-period harbor oscillations. The infragravity (IG) period oscillations inside an elongated harbor induced by normally-incident bichromatic wave groups are simulated using a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE 2.0. Based on an IG wave decomposition method, effects of plane reef-face slopes, reef-face profile shapes and the existence of reef ridge on bound and free IG waves and their relative components inside the harbor are comprehensively studied. For the given harbor and reef ridge, the range of the reef-face slopes and the various profile shapes studied in this paper, results show that the amplitude of the free IG waves inside the harbor increases with the increasing of the reef-face slope; while the bound IG waves inside the harbor seem insensitive to it. The effects of the profile shapes on the IG period waves inside the harbor are closely related to the width of the reef face. The existence of the reef ridge can relieve the bound IG waves to some extent when the incident short wave amplitudes are relatively large, while its effects on the free IG waves are negligible.  相似文献   

Water quality of a port in NW Mexico and its rehabilitation with swell energy     

Guadalupe de la Lanza Espino  Iván Penié Rodríguez 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):123-130

Ensenada Harbor is one of the most important ports of Mexico. Anthropogenic activities have affected the area over several decades, leading to the accumulation of contaminants in its sediments, which eventually are re-suspended into the water column. In spite of water treatment of the tributaries that discharge into the Ensenada Harbor, the water circulation patterns of the harbor, which consist of closed eddies in the northern and southeastern sector, favor the accumulation of those contaminants and hinder exchange with adjacent seawater. Samples collected in October of 2005 registered 63 μM total inorganic nitrogen and 280 mg/L of COD, confirming that this is a highly contaminated environment when compared with other water bodies of North America. Such concentrations can be lowered up to 80% by using a wave energy pumping system that demonstrates the possibility to gradually dilute these contaminants and rehabilitate the Ensenada Harbor.  相似文献   

封存箱与油气成藏作用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周兴熙 《地学前缘》2004,11(4):609-616

自然界的任何一种作用都是在一定的物质结构中发生的 ,油气成藏作用在相当多的情况下是与封存箱结构有非常密切关系的。封存箱这种地质结构在沉积盆地中 ,尤其是盆地的深部相当广泛地存在。它不仅是流体的分隔体 ,而且也分隔着不同的能量区。具有异常压力的封存箱比较容易认同 ,实际上正常压力的封存箱也是其重要的类型。自源式封存箱及靠近其顶板封隔层箱外的勘探目标常常是大、中型油气藏形成和分布的主要结构类型 ,在其箱内和临近其顶板封隔层的箱外是油气的有利富集地带。把封存箱的研究作为油气勘探决策程序的一个环节 ,找到大、中型的油气藏的几率将会大大地提高。塔里木盆地已经发现了各种类型的封存箱和在封存箱不同部位的大中型油气藏 ,它们构成了比较完整的封存箱系列和油气成藏模式。  相似文献