Impact of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program on Operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center     

Charles?S.?McCreeryEmail author 《Natural Hazards》2005,35(1):73-88

The first 7 years of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) have had a significant positive impact on operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). As a result of its seismic project, the amount and quality of real-time seismic data flowing into PTWC has increased dramatically, enabling more rapid, accurate, and detailed analyses of seismic events with tsunamigenic potential. Its tsunameter project is now providing real-time tsunameter data from seven strategic locations in the deep ocean to more accurately measure tsunami waves as they propagate from likely source regions toward shorelines at risk. These data have already been used operationally to help evaluate potential tsunami threats. A new type of tsunami run-up gauge has been deployed in Hawaii to more rapidly assess local tsunamis. Lastly, numerical modeling of tsunamis done with support from the NTHMP is beginning to provide tools for real-time tsunami forecasting that should reduce the incidence of unnecessary warnings and provide more accurate forecasts for destructive tsunamis.  相似文献   

Prehistoric and recent mass movements of the World Cultural Heritage Site Hallstatt, Austria     

J. Rohn  D. Ehret  M. Moser  K. Czurda 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(5):702-714

Hallstatt Village, located in the Austrian Alps, is designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as part of the World Cultural Heritage Site Hallstatt–Dachstein. This region is recognized for its salt deposits that have been exploited since the Neolithic period. In former times, these salt deposits were very rare and precious. Due to unfortunate bedding conditions, mass movements have been frequent in the past and continue to affect the site today. These active and inactive mass movements were mapped geotechnically to a scale of 1:5,000 and the mineralogical and mechanical properties of the main instable soft rocks were investigated. Rock spreads, rock slides, rock falls, rock topples, earth flows and earth and debris slides are the primary types of mass movements recorded. They are most frequently observed in areas affected by mining, though they may also occur in areas where no anthropogenic influence is recognized. Evidence exists in the archaeological record that indicates prehistoric mining activities were also seriously affected by the impact of mass movements.  相似文献   

Landslide risk evaluation and hazard zoning for rapid and long-travel landslides in urban development areas   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

Kyoji?SassaEmail author  Gonghui?Wang  Hiroshi?Fukuoka  Fawu?Wang  Takahiro?Ochiai  Masanori?Sugiyama  Tatsuo?Sekiguchi 《Landslides》2004,1(3):221-235

Risk evaluation for earthquake-induced rapid and long-travel landslides in densely populated urban areas is currently the most important disaster mitigation task in landslide-threatened areas throughout the world. The research achievements of the IPL M-101 APERITIF project were applied to two urban areas in megacities of Japan. One site is in the upper slope of the Nikawa landslide site where previous movements were triggered by the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. During detailed investigation, the slope was found to be at risk from a rapid and long-travel landslide induced by sliding surface liquefaction by earthquakes similar in scale to the 1995 event. A new plan to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon was proposed and the plan was implemented. Another area is the Tama residential area near Tokyo. A set of field and laboratory investigations including laser scanner, geological drilling and ring-shear tests showed that there was a risk of sliding surface liquefaction for both sites. A geotechnical computer simulation (Rapid/LS) using the quantitative data obtained in the study allowed urban landslide hazard zoning to be made at individual street level.  相似文献   

Interpretation of probability of landsliding triggered by rainfall     

Chit?Ko Ko  Phil?FlentjeEmail author  Robin?Chowdhury 《Landslides》2004,1(4):263-275

This paper is a contribution to an important aspect of the systematic and quantitative assessment of landslide hazard and risk. The focus is on site-specific and detailed assessment for rainfall-triggered landslides and, in particular, on the estimation and interpretation of the temporal probability of landsliding. Historical rainfall data over a 109-year period were analysed with particular reference to a site along the Unanderra and Moss Vale Railway Line in the State of New South Wales, Australia. It is shown that the recurrence interval of landsliding and hence annual probability of occurrence is subject to significant uncertainty and that it cannot be regarded as a constant. Accordingly landslide hazard varies spatially as well as being a function of time. For the example case study considered in this paper the annual probability of landslide occurrence was estimated to be in the range 0.026–0.172. However, the mean annual probability of landslide reactivation was estimated to be in the range 0.037–0.078. Utilisation of methods for probability assessment proposed in this paper will contribute to more realistic assessment of hazard and risk and, therefore, to more efficient risk management.  相似文献   

固体废物、放射性废物处置及环境评估   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谈成龙 《铀矿地质》2000,16(4):247-250

随着经济建设的发展 ,人类从事的工农业生产、军事、科技等活动产生了大量的固体废物和放射性废物 ,严重污染了生态环境和人类自身的生存空间。评估、治理地质生态环境中的固体废物和放射性废物已成为当前地质工作中不容忽视的重要部分。  相似文献   

An attempt to evaluate seismic hazard in Central-Southern Italy     

A. Basili  P. Favali  G. Scalera  G. Smriglio 《Natural Hazards》1984,3(1):31-47

A method for the evaluation of seismic hazard in a given zone, taking into account both the spreading of macroseismic effects and seismic catalogue information, is applied. A data-bank of some 500 digitized isoseisms of earthquakes having occurred in Italy between 1542 and 1986 is used. The isoseismical maps are digitized considering for each degree of intensity the length of 24 spreading rays starting from the macroseismic epicenter or barycentre of the megaseismic area. These rays are separated from each other by the same angle, i.e. every isoseism is divided into 24 equal circular sectors. The year 1542 is taken as the beginning of the time span, since this is when the first seismic event occurred for which reliable isoseismal maps are available. The epicentral intensities considered lie between theVI andXI degrees of the Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale (MCS). This digitized data-bank is analyzed to achieve, for each homogeneous seismogenetic zone that has been recognized, the mean azimuthal spreadings of effects for each degree of intensity as a function of the epicentral intensity. Once a mean propagation model is obtained for each zone, this is applied to seismic events of the same zone, the isoseismal maps of which are not available. A geographic grid is defined to cover the analyzed area, and for each cell of this grid it is then possible to count the number of felt events and their degree. These effects have been evaluated either on the basis of the isoseismal maps (when available) or on the basis of the mean propagations of the zone in which the single event occurred. Moreover, an index summarizing the seismic information was computed for each cell of the previous grid. All the events producing effects and their provenance are stored on files, allowing the main seismogenic zones influencing this cell to be identified. This methodology has been applied to central and southern Italy in an area between the latitudes 40.6 and 43.3 N. In particular, attention is focussed on the sample areas of Rome (given the historical and political importance of the city) and of the Sannio-Matese and Irpinia zone (in which some of the strongest earthquakes of the Apennine chain have occurred). Finally, in order to evaluate the maximum expected magnitude, extreme value statistics (Gumbel III-type) are applied to the Colli Albani area, which represents the seismogenic zone nearest to Rome. For the Sannio-Matese and Irpinia area, considering the more dangerous zone as a unicum, theWeibull distribution has been hypothesized to determine the mean return time for events with an intensity greater than or equal to IX.  相似文献   

Landslide risk management in Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Olivier Lateltin  Christoph Haemmig  Hugo Raetzo  Christophe Bonnard 《Landslides》2005,2(4):313-320

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山西太原郝庄ML5.0地震应急工作的思考     

陶君丽  陈苏诞  吴东 《山西地震》2005,(1):21-22,24

随着城市化进程的加快，城市的致灾形态愈发复杂多样，城市的承灾能力亦显脆弱。回顾了2002年9月3日发生在山西太原郝庄ML5．0地震的应急工作，剖析了这次震感十分强烈的城市直下型地震发生后政府及社会的应急措施及经验教训，分析了太原市这座地震重点防御城市的承灾能力。认为，这次地震的应急工作是高效、有序的，但亦存在潜在的危险因素。  相似文献   

山西洪洞县ML5.0地震波及区的应急反应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

阎亚荣 《山西地震》2005,(1):23-24

2003年11月25日山西省临汾市洪洞县甘亭镇发生ML5.0地震，此次地震波及面广，对这次地震波及区——运城市地震局的地震应急工作进行了回顾，认为在平时工作中扎实地做好应急预案的演练工作是十分重要的。  相似文献   

云南省地质灾害预报预警系统   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张红兵 《云南地质》2006,25(3):297-302

基于云南省地质灾害综合研究成果，架构云南省地质灾害预报预警模型方法，认为：影响地质灾害活动是多种因素叠加，地质灾害系统是一个开放、复杂的灾害系统。在对影响地质灾害发生因素分析的基础上，可以利用相应的预测模型，对给定区域内发生地质灾害的危险度作预测，由此创建概念模型和数学模型，运用VB语言在MapGIS平台上进行二次开发，建立了云南省地质灾害预报预警系统。  相似文献