探地雷达在古河道砂岩体沉积储层刻画中的应用     

曹淞  冯晅  鹿琪  曾昭发  朱如凯  白斌 《世界地质》2016,35(1):223-234

利用探地雷达勘探技术对鄂尔多斯盆地曲流河三角洲前缘及三角洲平原分支河道露头砂岩体的分布特征进行实测并描述。研究区岩性主要为泥岩、泥岩与粉-细砂岩互层,夹薄层凝灰岩,且多数地段表层覆盖1~5 m厚的黄土。对雷达剖面进行一系列数据处理并定量给出7个主要砂岩体的厚度依次为54 m、83 m、54 m、38 m、104 m、160 m、191 m;高度依次为6 m、7 m、5 m、8 m、6 m、10m、9 m,等参数;砂岩体长厚比值依次为9、11.8、10.8、4.8、17、16、21.2。河道砂岩主体宽与高的比值总体上15,整体呈现砂岩泥岩复合式沉积构造。砂岩体多呈现孤立状顶部平缓底部突起透镜体形态,河道纵向多期沉积明显且有砂岩体横向迁移现象,砂岩体在探地雷达剖面的反射特征与观测结果一致。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6段砂体结构特征及成因分析     

杨孝  李廷艳  尤源  郝炳英  冯胜斌  毛振华 《世界地质》2016,35(3):789-800

通过岩芯及露头观察对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6段砂体沉积类型的识别、依据沉积组合对砂体结构进行分类、并结合测井响应特征刻画了砂体结构平面分布,综合分析了砂体结构平面差异的成因。结果显示,合水地区长6段主要为深水重力流沉积,可识别出砂质碎屑流和浊流两种不同的重力流沉积类型。两种重力流沉积砂体在纵向上复合叠置形成广泛分布的厚砂体,因组合关系及含油性不同,可分为3种砂体结构类型:多期砂质碎屑流叠加型、砂质碎屑流与浊流复合叠加型及多期浊流叠加型。砂体结构平面分布差异受湖盆底形、物源及供屑量和流体重复改造等因素影响,不同结构砂体平面上具有垂直物源轴线呈带状展布特征,在合水地区东北部和中部形成较为有利的砂体结构类型。  相似文献   

金在石英表面沉淀的实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾贻善  杨异 《地质论评》1995,41(3):277-281

为了考察石英表面特征对金沉淀的影响，于２０－２００℃使不同切向的石英晶体光片与含金氯化物溶液相互作用，反应后石英光片表面的ＳＥＭ／ＥＤＡＸ，ＸＰＳ和显微镜研究结果表明，所有实验中均发现金在石英表面沉淀，结合显露石英位错的浸蚀实验，发现沉淀的金晶体在石英表面的分布似受石项晶体中存在的线性缺陷控制。本文分析了本实验研究结果与前人工作的差异，讨论了金的沉淀机理和含金石脉中金的不均匀分布。  相似文献   

On the scavenging of organic gases by cloud and raindrops: I. A theoretical and experimental study of acetaldehyde absorption and desorption for water drops in air     

J. H. Topalian  S. Mitra  D. C. Montague  A. Quintanar  H. R. Pruppacher 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1983,1(3):325-334

Our previously developed theoretical models for describing the rate at which water-soluble atmospheric trace gases are scavenged by cloud and rindrops were evaluated for the case of acetaldehyde being absorbed and desorbed by water drops of radii between 250 to 2500 m radius. The experimental verification of our theoretical predictions was carried out in the UCLA 33 m high precipitation shaft in which falling water drops were allowed to come to terminal velocity before passing through a chamber of variable lengths filled with air containing acetaldehyde at various partial pressures. For all drop sizes studied, the experimental results and the theoretical predictions were in reasonable agreement.  相似文献   

Effects of glaciations and permafrost upon the development of karst in Canada     

Derek Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(5):507-521

Canadian examples suggest that karst landforms may be divided into eight types in terms of their temporal relationships to the record of repeated Quaternary glaciations. Two types are postglacial, two are subglacial, one type occurs where glacial features are adapted to karstic drainage, and three types display sequences of karstic and glacial action. Glacier effects upon karst landforms and their underlying aquifers display the gamut of possibilities. They may destroy, inhibit, preserve, or stimulate karst development. Where continuous permafrost is maintained when covered by glacier ice, postglacial karst is limited to the active layer epikarst. Where permafrost is thawed beneath ice or during deglaciation there are a variety of postglacial karst developments, depending in part upon climate and in part upon local lithologic and relief conditions.  相似文献   

第四系覆盖层及水体下遥感影像隐伏地质构造信息的提取     

李永庆  欧阳贵  江涛 《遥感学报》1990,(4)

本文阐述了利用多时相多波段卫星遥感影像和CCT磁带进行计算机数字增强处理、提取山东省南四湖含煤区水体下及第四系覆盖层下隐伏地质构造信息的方法,解译出了该区的主要断裂构造格架,指出了隐伏的隆起、凹陷、褶皱和火成岩体的分布范围,为煤田勘探和开采提供了有价值的资料。  相似文献   

A theoretical study of chemical kinetic control in the scavenging of pollutant gases by cloud and rain drops     

J. H. Topalian  D. C. Montague 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,8(1):1-18

Theoretical models that describe the uptake of trace gases by water drops falling at terminal velocity in air have been extended to include the effects of aqueous phase chemical processes that occur on time scales comparable with or greater than that over which the relevant physical scavenging processes operate. In particular, the case of reversible dervative formation by the absorbed species has been treated, and illustrated by application to the absorption of acetaldehyde under conditions prevailing in the atmosphere. In addition, the relative influences of aqueous phase chemistry and of convective-diffusion on the efficiency of the scavenging process have been explored more generally, using the revised models. A brief comparison of the factors controlling the uptake of sulfur dioxide, dichloromethane, and acetaldehyde is presented.  相似文献   

1981—2019年全球陆地生态系统碳通量变化特征及其驱动因子          下载免费PDF全文

周艳莲  居为民  柳艺博 《大气科学学报》2022,45(3):332-344

陆地生态系统碳汇显著降低大气CO₂浓度上升和全球变暖的速率,受人类活动和气候变化的影响,陆地生态系统碳通量具有强烈的时空变化,其估算结果仍存在较大的不确定性,不同因子的贡献尚不清晰。为此,利用遥感驱动的陆地生态系统过程模型BEPS模拟分析了1981—2019年全球陆地生态系统碳通量的时空变化特征,评价了大气CO₂浓度、叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index,LAI）、氮沉降、气候变化对全球陆地生态系统碳收支变化的贡献。1981—2019年全球陆地生态系统总初级生产力（Gross Primary Productivity,GPP）、净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity,NPP）和净生态系统生产力（Net Ecosystem Productivity,NEP）的平均值分别为115.3、51.3和2.7 Pg·a^-1（以碳质量计,下同）,上升速率分别为0.47、0.21和0.06 Pg·a^-1。全球大部分区域GPP和NPP显著增加,NEP显著上升（p<0.05）的区域明显少于GPP和NPP。1981—2019年,全球NEP累积为105.2 Pg,森林、稀树草原及灌木、农田和草地的贡献分别为76.4、15.8、9.4和3.6 Pg。CO₂浓度、LAI、氮沉降和气候变化各自对NEP的累积贡献分别为58.4、20.6、0.7和-43.6 Pg,全部4个因子变化对NEP的累积贡献为39.8 Pg,其中CO₂浓度上升是近40 a全球陆地生态系统NEP上升的主要贡献因子,其次为LAI。  相似文献   

Enhanced atmospheric phosphorus deposition in Asia and Europe in the past two decades          下载免费PDF全文

Yuepeng Pan  Bowen Liu  Jing Cao  Jin Liu  Shili Tian  Enzai Du 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(5):8-12

磷是植物生长必需的元素,磷缺乏将限制植被生产力及碳汇功能.为厘清全球大气磷沉降的时空格局,本文收集了 1959-2020年发表的396条观测资料.结果发现,全球大气磷沉降的几何均值为0.32 kg ha-1 yr-1,全球大气磷库约4.4Tg yr-1.与1959-2000年相比,近20年亚洲和欧洲大气磷沉降呈现上升趋势,主要来源是农业活动,沙尘传输和燃烧源排放.碳中和背景下,清洁空气行动是否会改变磷沉降的途径和形态,进而影响到生态系统的结构和功能,是需要回答的科学问题.  相似文献   

Precipitation Chemistry and Wet Deposition in Kruger National Park, South Africa     

J. N. Mphepya  C. Galy-Lacaux  J. P. Lacaux  G. Held  J. J. Pienaar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2006,53(2):169-183

The chemical composition, as well as the sources contributing to rainwater chemistry have been determined at Skukuza, in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Major inorganic and organic ions were determined in 93 rainwater samples collected using an automated wet-only sampler from July 1999 to June 2002. The results indicate that the rain is acidic and the averaged precipitation pH was 4.72. This acidity results from a mixture of mineral acids (82%, of which 50% is H₂SO₄) and organic acids (18%). Most of the H₂SO₄ component can be attributed to the emissions of sulphur dioxide from the industrial region on the Highveld. The wet deposition of S and N is 5.9 kgS⋅ha⁻¹⋅yr⁻¹ and 2.8 kgN⋅ha⁻¹⋅yr⁻¹, respectively. The N deposition was mainly in the form of NH₄ ⁺. Terrigenous, sea salt component, nitrogenous and anthropogenic pollutants have been identified as potential sources of chemical components in rainwater. The results are compared to observations from other African regions.  相似文献