Desert varnish and petroglyphs on sandstone – Geochemical composition and climate changes from Pleistocene to Holocene (Libya)     

Martin Dietzel  Hans Kolmer  Peter Plt  Sanja Simic 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2008,68(1):31-43

Desert varnish of pristine sandstone and petroglyph surfaces from Takabart Kabort (Naturalistic Bubaline Art School) and Alamas (Tanzina Art School) can be well classified by their (SiO₂+Al₂O₃):MnO₂, Al₂O₃:SiO₂, and P₂O₅:CaO ratios. Specific ratios are due to the occurrence of clay minerals like illite, kaolinite, smectite, and feldspar, quartz, carbonates like calcite and dolomite, manganese oxyhydroxides, and apatite. Their occurrence corresponds to the local origin and composition of the primary aeolian material.

In general, the analyzed desert varnish shows lamination patterns characterized by alternating MnO₂-rich and -poor layers (25 wt% MnO₂) at rather constant iron oxyhydroxide content (6 wt% Fe₂O₃). Varnish on non-engraved surfaces exhibits three MnO₂-rich layers, whereas varnish-coated petroglyphs reveal minor lamination patterns corresponding to the dating of petroglyphs by rock art. The older Naturalistic Bubaline Art School petroglyphs (about 6–4 ka BP) and the younger Tazina Art School petroglyphs (about 3.8–3 ka BP) contain only two and one MnO₂-rich layer, respectively. It is assumed that the occurrence of such microlaminations is caused by climate changes in North Africa. Three humid periods are discerned from the Terminal Pleistocene to Holocene in the literature. Such periods are suitable to induce manganese accumulation by biotic and abiotic processes. Accordingly, the distinct lamination patterns gained from this study verify the dating of petroglyphs by rock art. From another point of view, classification of the above petroglyphs may be provided by analyses of microlaminations independently on cultural historical aspects.  相似文献   

基于物联网三层架构的地下工程测量机器人远程变形监测系统     

吴战广  张献州  张瑞  杨龙杰 《测绘工程》2017,26(2)

针对地下工程变形监测特点,在物联网三层架构技术和测量机器人技术的基础上,以C#编程语言和SQL sever数据库为开发平台,借助GeoCOM开发包,通过远程控制测量机器人对地下工程进行自动化变形监测工作。在物联网三层技术架构自动化变形监测系统应用服务层中,介绍了提高数据处理精度的实时差分技术原理和围岩净空收敛分析方法。成功地将物联网技术应用在变形监测领域,保证了地下工程的安全服务;而这一系统设计思想更可为同类工程安全监测提供参考。  相似文献   

异轨遥感CCD影像处方位元素的要求     

燕琴  张祖勋  张剑清 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(3):270-274

在对异轨遥感CCD影像处理的基本模型基础上，采用在物方空间坐标系中进行手差，并对相关的掺数进行部分分离－合并，有效地控制了未知参数间的相关性，结合人工智能原理设计的分层全局最优的搜索控制算法不仅保证了算法的严密性，而且简洁，实用。  相似文献   

前兆地电阻率资料处理的剥皮法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

毛先进  钱家栋 《地震学报》2001,24(6):645-650

在台址下电阻率分层均匀的前提下，针对我国绝大多数前兆地电台单极距观测的事实与现状，提出一种试图从这种观测所获得的视电阻率时间序列中识别电阻率表层变化和深部变化的等效模型方法．分析表明，在保持布极方式和观测结果不变的前提下，任意多层的地电结构都可以视为一个二层地电结构——等效模型．本文中，等效模型上层的地电参数（电阻率和厚度）与实际模型第一层相同，下层的地电参数（电阻率）则根据等效要求，由实际模型第二层及其以下各层的地电参数经计算得到，因此，等效模型的下层包含了实际模型第二层及其以下各层的综合影响．初步研究表明，这种方法是可行的．   相似文献   

Active and laboratory experiments in space plasma physics     

Walter Gekelman 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(3):457-485

This report focuses on active experiments in space as well as laboratory experiments which are directly related to space phenomena. The active experiments involve particle releases in the CRESS and AMPTE missions. Unexpected results such as the motion of the plasma triggered several interesting computer simulations and a laboratory experiment which will be reviewed. Critical Ionization Phenomena will be discussed in this context. A recent release over Arecibo was used to create a plasma lens to focus radiation from the HF heater beam. The higher power triggered several nonlinear processes. Advances in plasma sources and diagnostics have made it possible to scale many laboratory experiments. Discussed here are experiments on Alfvén waves generated by a localized source, 3D magnetic field line reconnection, three dimensional magnetized double layers and simulations of a tethered satellite.  相似文献   

氧化还原障在热液铀矿成矿中的作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李延河  段超  赵悦  裴浩翔  任顺利 《地质学报》2016,90(2):201-218

铀是变价元素,氧化还原条件控制铀的迁移和沉淀。铀在氧化环境中呈U~(6+)形式存在,在还原条件下则以U~(4+)形式存在。氧化态六价铀主要以可溶的碳酸铀酰/氟化铀酰络合物形式在水溶液中迁移,还原态四价铀主要以沥青铀矿和铀石等形式富集沉淀成矿。热液铀矿的形成需要一对空间上密切共生的氧化障/氧化剂和还原障/还原剂,二者缺一不可。首先,氧化障中氧化剂将富铀岩石中的铀大量氧化形成U~(6+),溶解进入水溶液迁移;第二,高氧化性富铀溶液遇到还原障,U~(6+)还原成U~(4+)沉淀下来,富集形成铀矿。前人虽然对铀的地球化学性质及氧化还原反应在铀成矿中作用已比较了解,但如何在实际铀矿成矿系统中准确识别氧化还原障,有效利用氧化还原障的控矿机理指导找矿,还存在一些模糊认识,制约了铀成矿理论的发展和找矿方法的提升。本文以我国最重要的砂岩型铀矿、火山岩型铀矿、花岗岩型铀矿和变质型铀矿为例,总结了与铀矿化有关的氧化还原障的主要类型,探讨了红层等蒸发盐地层(氧化障),有机质、煌斑岩等中基性岩脉(还原障)与铀矿之间的关系及控矿机制,揭示了成矿盆地中铀-煤、铀-气(油)共生的机制,阐明了翁泉沟硼、铁、铀矿共生原因,建立了不同类型铀矿成矿模型。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地东河1油藏低渗层层序控制特征及其对注气开发的影响     

刘婧  石开波  王洋  汪建国  王超  牛玉杰  邵光强  刘波 《地质通报》2016,35(5):832-841

通过测井和岩心分析,将塔里木东河1油藏东河砂岩段从下到上划分为前滨-上临滨-下临滨相带,并进一步划分出11个准层序。经岩相学分析,将砂岩段低渗层分为钙质胶结低渗层、杂基充填低渗层和混合低渗层。钙质胶结低渗层主要分布在准层序内部,以方解石胶结砂岩为主,受成岩作用控制;杂基充填低渗层主要分布在准层序边界处,多为海侵背景下的滞后沉积产物;混合低渗层在准层序内部及边界均有分布,但数量很少,无明显规律性,砂粒间主要由杂基和方解石胶结物混合充填,充填物含量低。结合测压资料认为,发育在准层序边界处的杂基低渗层保留了更多的初始沉积特征,易形成横向连续性好的低渗层,是注气开发的重点关注对象。  相似文献   

Numerical investigation of wave elevation and bottom pressure generated by a planing hull in finite-depth water     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

A numerical investigation of the bottom pressure and wave elevation generated by a planing hull in finite-depth water is presented. While the existing literature addresses the free-surface deformation and pressure field at the seafloor independently, this work proposes a direct comparison between the two hydrodynamic quantities. The dependence of the pressure disturbances at the ocean floor from the waves generated at the free-surface by a planing hull is studied for several values of both the depth and hull Froude numbers. The methodology employed is Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), a numerical technique based on the discretization of the continuum fields of hydrodynamics through mesh-less particles. The SPH code herein chosen is initially validated against experimental data for transom-stern flow. Subsequently, numerical simulations are presented for a planing hull in high-speed regimes. The results show a direct correlation between surface wave dynamics and hydrodynamic pressure disturbances at the seafloor as the value of the Froude number is varied. This is assessed by studying the inverse dependence of the low-pressure wake angle with the Froude number and by comparison of SPH results with similar works in the cited literature.  相似文献   

Wave resistance for high-speed catamarans     

H. B. Moraes  J. M. Vasconcellos  R. G. Latorre 《Ocean Engineering》2004,31(17-18):2253-2282

The object of this study was to investigate the wave resistance component for high-speed catamarans. Two methods were applied: the slender-body theory proposed by Michell [Philos. Mag. 45(5) (1898) 106] and a 3D method used by Shipflow^™ (FLOWTECH, Shipflow^™ 2.4, User Manual, 1988) software.Results were obtained for different types of twin hulls and attention was given to the effects of catamaran hull spacing.The study also included the effects of shallow water on the wave resistance component.Special attention was given to the height of waves generated by the craft to ascertain effects on river banks.  相似文献   

基于XML的网络地理信息系统研究     

许志超  赵姗  陈超 《海洋测绘》2006,26(2):37-40

介绍了可扩展标记语言(XML)系列技术的原理和基本应用,在分析现有的B/S三层W ebG IS的体系结构若干问题的基础上,在系统设计与实现中引入XML。实践证明,结合XML的W ebG IS优势明显,可以有效地集成和优化系统。  相似文献