Regional Temperature Forecast for the Next Day in Hong Kong          下载免费PDF全文

LAM Hil  SHUM Karen Kit-ying  TANG Julian Shu-yan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(6):725-733

For a century or so, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) has been providing temperature forecast for the whole of Hong Kong with the HKO Headquarters as the reference location. In recent decades, due to spreading of population from the main urban center to satellite towns, there is an increasing demand for regional temperature forecasts. To support such provision, the HKO has developed a regression model to provide objective guidance to forecasters in formulating forecasts of maximum and minimum temperatures for the next day at various locations in Hong Kong. In this paper, the regression model is presented, together with the assessment of its performance. Based on the verification of one year of forecasts, it is found that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of maximum (minimum) temperature forecasts are from about 1.3 to 2.1 (1.1 to 1.4) degrees, respectively. The regression model is shown to have generally out-performed the operational regional spectral model then operated by HKO. Regional temperature forecast methods of other meteorological or research centers are also surveyed. Equipped with the regression model, the HKO has launched an online regional temperature forecast service for the next day in Hong Kong since March 2008.  相似文献   

Major human Hepatitis A virus genotype in Hong Kong marine waters and detection by real-time PCR     

Yang N  Chu DL  Wong MM  Qi H  Wu RS  Kong RY 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2654-2658

Marine waters from seven sites around Hong Kong with varying levels of sewage pollution were analyzed for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) by PCR cloning and DNA sequencing of the highly variable VP1/2A junction of the HAV genome. Phylogenetic analysis of 10 PCR clones from each of the HAV-positive marine sites indicated that human HAV genotype IB is the most widely distributed type in Hong Kong waters. A sensitive and quantitative TaqMan-based PCR method targeting the 5′-noncoding region (5′-NCR) of HAV was used to quantify HAV particles in marine water samples along with the total Escherichiacoli counts being enumerated on TBX medium for comparison. Our results showed that no correlation of any significance between HAV and E. coli counts was observed which underscores the inadequacy in using E. coli as a sanitary standard to predict the levels of HAV in marine waters.  相似文献   

Monitoring of toxic substances in the Hong Kong marine environment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kueh CS  Lam JY 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):744-757

A long-term programme for monitoring toxic substances in the marine environment was established in Hong Kong in 2004, focusing on chemicals of potential ecological and health concern. The programme ran on 3-year cycles, with the first two years monitoring marine water, sediment, biota, and the third year monitoring pollution sources. Twenty-four priority chemicals were measured, including dioxins/furans, dioxin-like PCBs, total PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, HCHs, TBTs, phenol, nonylphenol (NP), NP ethoxylates, PBDEs and metals. Results from the first three years of monitoring indicate that toxic substances in the Hong Kong marine environment were within the range reported for the coastal waters in China and other regions, but generally lower than in the Pearl River Estuary. The levels met the standards for protecting aquatic life and human consumption. Sewage effluent, stormwater and river water were possible sources of phenolic compounds; whereas air deposition or regional pollution, rather than local discharges, may contribute to the dioxins/furans, PAHs and PCBs found in the marine environment.  相似文献   

The Geographer and the Fengshui Practitioner: So close and yet so far apart?     

Elizabeth Kenworthy Teather  Chun Shing Chow 《The Australian geographer》2000,31(3):309-332

Fengshui deserves serious scrutiny from geographers. Fengshui has been a highly significant influence on the shaping of human environments in the Chinese cultural sphere for at least 4000 years. Efforts to eliminate it in the twentieth century, by Chinese governments intent on modernisation, have failed. Advice on fengshui is still eagerly sought today by families and businesses in Chinese communities, whether on the mainland, offshore or overseas. The first part of this paper briefly introduces fengshui . The second part applies Lefebvre's three modalities of space to the time-space manipulations and outcomes of the operation of fengshui . The third part explores what fengshui offers a postmodern world, concentrating on (a) the nature of the 'harmony' it seeks to establish between people and nature; (b) the nature of fengshui 's time-universe; and (c) the extent to which fengshui 's goals of time-space harmony offer a framework for approaching sustainable development.  相似文献   

Hong kong direct investment in china’s mainland: A spatial study with special reference to the locational behaviour of investors     

Xiaojian Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1996,6(4):289-303

The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investment (HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has been reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has been replaced by the trend of moving northwards and inlandwards after 1989. But in terms of manufacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared until now. Those changing patterns are clearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors. The survey results suggest that “enjoying lower production cost” is the most important motive for their investment in China. In consequence, “close to Hong Kong”, “cheaper labour” and “favourable policy” are major factors for determining the investment locations. This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, some companies have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors, however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the University Graduates Association (Hong Kong). The author gratefully acknowledges the help from Professors Kam-hon Lee and Yue-man Yeung and Dr. David Chu at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Mr. Chai-ming Mak at Electricity Advisory Services Limited (HK) during the early stage of the study.  相似文献   

香港地区顾及高度改正的加权平均温度模型     

崔进业  马下平  刘晓鹏 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(10):1022-1026

选用2012~2017年Kings Park 站探空资料,基于迭代最小二乘方法构建2种香港地区顾及高度改正的加权平均温度模型--T_m_hk1和T_m_hk2,并利用2018年探空资料对模型在香港地区的精度和适用性进行评估。结果表明,在香港地区,依赖测站温度的T_m_hk1模型具有较高的精度,年均偏差优于0.3 K,均方根误差优于1.8 K,与Bevis公式和GPT2w模型相比,T_m_hk1模型的精度分别提升35.4%和29.7%;而不依赖气象参数的T_m_hk2模型与GPT2w模型的精度相当,年均方根误差均优于2.5 K,Bevis公式的精度最差(RMS为2.7 K),且具有较大负偏差(bias为－1.8 K)。从季节性分析可知,Bevis公式、T_m_hk2 和GPT2w模型精度具有明显的季节性变化,总体为夏季精度较高(RMSE为1.3~2.2 K),冬季精度较低(RMSE为3.0~4.4 K);T_m_hk1模型在各季节均具有最高精度（RMSE为1.4~2.4 K）和适用性。  相似文献   

从香港地质谈到中国农业生态     

Parh.  WE 《热带地理》1997,17(2):164-172

在热带条件下，不同种类岩石受到强烈的化学风化作用，并导致某些环境问题，香港在这方面提供了十分典型的例子。在香港，岩石风化厚度可达８０ｍｉｎ，普通成岩矿物长石和云母被转化为粘土矿物埃洛石和高岭石，风化岩密度一般降低４０％￣８０％，埃洛石密度看来是亚稳定的，随年龄的增加而降低。在老于晚侏罗纪或早白垩纪的岩石中，还未临别出埃洛石。埃洛石、高岭石及其风化产物少含植物所需营养元素，且阳离子交换能力低，因而所  相似文献   

关于组建珠港澳经济区的初步构想     

蔡人群 《热带地理》1997,17(2):101-107

中国改革开放以来，香港、澳门与珠江三角洲之间已逐渐形成一个联系密切、优势互补的经济区域。本文分析了该经济区的形成条件及其在中国、亚洲的地位和作用。并建议开展全经济区协调性规划，处理好区内经济分工，香港、澳门与珠三角主要城市的协调发展，并建设统一的区域性基础设施，使经济区发展更上一层楼。  相似文献   

香港缺水问题与东江水资源开发     

梁国昭 《热带地理》1997,17(2):131-138

本文讨论了香港的缺水情况，东江水供香港的作用，以及在近年经济、社会迅速发展的新形势下东江流域水资源开发利用出现的新问题。  相似文献   

香港的旅游资源及其开发     

杨禄华  区树鸿 《热带地理》1997,17(2):191-195

本文介绍了香港丰富多彩的自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源，分析了香港自５０年代以来旅游业开发的进程，预测香港回归祖国之后，旅游业必将进一步稳定发展。  相似文献