THREE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATION OF PARTICLE-LIQUID TWO-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW IN A HYDRAULIC TURBINE RUNNER     

WU Yulin  +  GE Liang  +  WANG Lin  +  CAO Shuliang  + 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(3)

Ｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｐａｐｅｒ,ｔｈｅｍｕｌｔｉｆｌｕｉｄｓｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｔｗｏｐｈａｓｅｆｌｏｗｓａｎｄｔｈｅｋ-ε-Ａｐｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｃｅｍｏｄｅｌａｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｔ?..  相似文献   

PHENOMENA AND CONTROLLING FACTORS IN DRAWDOWN FLUSHING PROCESSES     

(Department of Hydraulic Engineering  Feng Chia University  Taichung  TAIWAN  China Environment Section  Agricultural Engineering Research Center  Chungli  TAIWAN  China Shaohua Marko HSU  Wei-Sheng YU) 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)

IINTRODUCTIONByutilizingthenatUralpowerofflow,hydraulicflushingisaneconomicaltechniquetoremovethedepositedsedimentineitherasettlingbasinorareservoir.Inmanyreservoirsaroundtheworld,hydraulicflushinghasbeenprovenasaneffectivemethodtosustainthereservoirstoragecapacity.Hydraulicflushingprocessesmayinvolveboththeprocessesofscouringpreviousdepositsandpassingincomingsediment-ladenflow,suchasgravitycurrent,throughareservoirtobereleased.Inthisarticle,onlytheformercaseisdiscussed.Thekeythinginthef…  相似文献   

有序聚类分析法的改进及其在水文序列突变点识别中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁满  王文圣  叶濒璘 《水文》2017,37(5):8-11

有序聚类分析法是水文学中识别突变点的有效方法,但该法只考虑了同类之间的离差较小原则,忽略了类与类之间的离差较大原则。基于此,提出了改进的有序聚类分析法,改进法同时考虑了同类之间的离差较小和类类间的离差较大原则。将改进的有序聚类分析法应用于年平均流量序列突变点识别中,并与传统有序聚类分析法进行对比分析,研究结果表明,改进的有序聚类分析法原理明确,识别突变点更加有效。  相似文献   

山东黄河水利工程移民安置规划浅论          下载免费PDF全文

马强 《山东国土资源》2005,21(8):56-59

移民安置关系社会稳定和经济可持续发展。要采取措施,尽快恢复生产,使搬迁居民达到或超过原有生活水平。移民安置规划主要内容包括实物指标调查、农村移民生产措施规划、居民点规划及专项处理规划等。实物指标调查是移民安置规划设计的第一步基础工作。实物数量、现状的标准等是确定移民安置规模和专业项目复建规划的重要依据。移民安置规划是移民规划设计的核心。农村移民生产安置方案的制定和措施的落实是移民安置规划设计的重点,移民生活安置环境容量的分析与移民安置目标的确定则是移民安置规划的关键。  相似文献   

水工程建设对长江流域鱼类生物多样性的影响及其对策   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

黄亮 《湖泊科学》2006,18(5):553-556

长江流域鱼类种类丰富、资源量大、特有性高、经济种类多,其生物多样性具有重要的生态价值、经济价值和科学价值．流域内鱼类生物多样性由于面临河流梯级开发引起的洄游阻隔、生境破碎和水文情势等改变的严重威胁,种群下降趋势明显．为保护长江流域鱼类生物多样性,有必要更新水工程规划理念和设计技术,修建鱼道等必要过鱼设施,进行水库生态调度,建立鱼类自然保护区和建立生态补偿机制等．  相似文献   

Performance investigation of a two-raft-type wave energy converter with hydraulic power take-off unit     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

Raft-type wave energy converter (WEC) is a multi-mode wave energy conversion device, using the relative pitch motion to drive its hydraulic power take-off (PTO) units for capturing energy from the ocean waves. The hydraulic PTO unit as its energy conversion module plays a significant role in storing large qualities of energy and making the output power smooth. However, most of the previous investigations on the raft-type WECs treat the hydraulic PTO unit as a linear PTO unit and do not consider the dynamics of the hydraulic circuit and components in their investigations. This paper is related to a two-raft-type WEC consisting of two hinged rafts and a hydraulic PTO unit. The aim of this paper is to make an understanding of the dynamics of the hydraulic PTO unit and how these affect the performance of the two-raft-type WEC. Therefore, a combined hydrodynamic and hydraulic PTO unit model is proposed to investigate and optimize the performance of the two-raft-type WEC; and based on the simulation of the combined model, the relationships between the optimal power capture ability, the optimal magnitude of the hydraulic PTO force and the wave states are numerically revealed. Results show that an approximately square wave type hydraulic PTO force is produced by the hydraulic PTO unit, which causes the performance of the two-raft-type WEC not to be sinusoidal and the energy capturing manner different from that of the device using a linear PTO unit; moreover, there is an optimal magnitude of the hydraulic PTO force for obtaining an optimal power capture ability, which can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the hydraulic PTO unit; in regular waves, the optimal power capture ability as well as the optimal magnitude of the hydraulic PTO force normalized by the wave height presents little relationship with the wave height, mainly depends on the wave period; in irregular waves, the trends of the optimal power capture ability and the normalized optimal magnitude of the hydraulic PTO force against the peak wave periods at different significant wave heights are generally identical and show a good correlation. All means that the hydraulic PTO unit of the two-raft-type WEC can be tuned to the wave states, and these would provide a valuable guidance for the optimal design of its hydraulic PTO unit.  相似文献   

Inverse modelling of aquifer parameters in basaltic rock with the help of pumping test method using MODFLOW software     

Kanak Moharir  Chaitanya Pande  Sanjay Patil 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(6):1385-1395

The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems. As groundwater flows through an aquifer, its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows. Thus, hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region. But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow, obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy. Springs, which discharge groundwater table directly, afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources. There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters (i.e. hydrograph analysis, pumping test, etc.). In initial days, these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory. The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well (borehole) that provides on this method, the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries, are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis. The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells, which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time. The alteration in groundwater level (drawdown/recovery) is caused due to pumping of water from the well. Theis (1935) was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer. It is essential to know the transmissivity (T = Kb, where b is the aquifer thickness; pumping flow rate, Q = TW (dh/dl) flow through an aquifer) and storativity (confined aquifer: S = bS_s, unconfined: S = S_y), for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer. The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation, numerical simulation, development and protection as well as scientific management. For determining aquifer's parameters, pumping test is a main method. A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness. The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation.  相似文献   

River bed stability versus clogged interstitial: Depth-dependent accumulation of substances in freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.) habitats in Austrian streams as a function of hydromorphological parameters     

《Limnologica》2015

Substrate conditions are considered crucial for the survival of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera L.) – and therefore for the recovery of overaged populations in danger of extinction – as fine sediments can clog the interstitial habitat and hamper water and oxygen circulation to the juveniles. Watercourses and their bed sediments must meet two seemingly diametrically opposite requirements in order to offer the freshwater pearl mussel appropriate habitats: stable substrates for all live stages and an unclogged interstitial for the juveniles. As only few scientific publications deal with subsurface conditions in pearl mussel brooks, the present preliminary study tries to contribute to this topic by compiling a variety of chemical and hydromorphological data from several Austrian watercourses with distinctly different characteristics. It was clearly shown that discharge patterns, hydraulic pressure, water depths and flow velocities affect both river bed stability and the perfusion of the hyporheic zone: In an artificial millrace with permanent low flow conditions and a permanently stable substrate a distinct barrier was detected within the first 5 cm substrate depth that totally blocks the interchange between surface and interstitial water, resulting in an accumulation of substances of all kinds, among them potentially toxic substances. Such a barrier was also found to be building up in several natural watercourses, clearly indicating the danger of adverse land-use and of long-term low flow conditions in smaller brooks (given that the local decrease in precipitation, proven in long-term studies, proceeds). Significant differences in substrate concentrations in the interstitial water were detected between watercourses, whereas chemical conditions in the surface water exhibited no differences at all. An accompanying biomonitoring study showed high survival rates all over the study area, indicating the suitability of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels as bioindicators in terms of surface water, but not of interstitial water.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional physical-based inversion of confined and unconfined aquifers under unknown boundary conditions     

《Advances in water resources》2014

An inverse method is developed to simultaneously estimate multiple hydraulic conductivities, source/sink strengths, and boundary conditions, for two-dimensional confined and unconfined aquifers under non-pumping or pumping conditions. The method incorporates noisy observed data (hydraulic heads, groundwater fluxes, or well rates) at measurement locations. With a set of hybrid formulations, given sufficient measurement data, the method yields well-posed systems of equations that can be solved efficiently via nonlinear optimization. The solution is stable when measurement errors are increased. The method is successfully tested on problems with regular and irregular geometries, different heterogeneity patterns and variances (maximum K_max/K_min tested is 10,000), and error magnitudes. Under non-pumping conditions, when error-free observed data are used, the estimated conductivities and recharge rates are accurate within 8% of the true values. When data contain increasing errors, the estimated parameters become less accurate, as expected. For problems where the underlying parameter variation is unknown, equivalent conductivities and average recharge rates can be estimated. Under pumping (and/or injection) conditions, a hybrid formulation is developed to address these local source/sink effects, while different types of boundary conditions can also exert significant influences on drawdowns. Local grid refinement near wells is not needed to obtain accurate results, thus inversion is successful with coarse inverse grids, leading to high computation efficiency. Furthermore, flux measurements are not needed for the inversion to succeed; data requirement of the method is thus not much different from that of interpreting classic well tests. Finally, inversion accuracy is not sensitive to the degree of nonlinearity of the flow equations. Performance of the inverse method for confined and unconfined aquifer problems is similar in terms of the accuracy of the estimated parameters, the recovered head fields, and the solver speed.  相似文献   

A semi-analytical method for predicting the outflow hydrograph due to dam-break in natural valleys     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The paper presents a semi-analytical method for predicting the flow rate hydrograph due to a hypothetical sudden and total dam failure in a natural valley. The method generalizes the approach proposed by Hunt for the dam-break problem in a rectangular frictionless sloping channel to a valley with a cross-section area expressed by a power-law function of water depth, in order to take into account the most common shapes of natural valleys. The parameters of the deriving model can be set by exploiting data usually available concerning the dam section geometry and the reservoir storage-depth curve. The application of the technique to three different reservoirs is discussed. The results show that the flow rate hydrographs obtained at the dam site agree with the ones calculated by means of a finite volume numerical code based on two-dimensional shallow water equations. The method requires moderate computational and data collecting effort, so it can be regarded as a useful alternative to other procedures commonly adopted in the practice.  相似文献