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21.
本文介绍了对时序垂直角观测值进行谱分析的方法和所得到的结论。使以往对于大气折射影响及其变化规律的定性认识得以定量化。 相似文献
22.
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,231(1-2):399-402
Since the discovery that dim gamma-ray bursts last longer on average than bright ones (time dilation) the cosmological origin of this effect has been contested by various researchers. I discuss the current status of this issue and conclude that current models for a non-cosmological time dilation only explain part of the observed phenomenon, and even then betray themselves by distinct signatures in the data. As those signatures have not been seen, the cosmological origin remains the favoured explanation of the time dilation. 相似文献
23.
Results of a single group participating in an international experiment are analyzed. The experiment served to verify computational predictions of the ground-motion variations due to near-surface geological effects at a site established for that purpose by the California Department of Conservation. Based on an acceleration record at a rock location, and geotechnical model of medium, records at the other locations of a nearby sedimentary deposit were predicted. A 2-D finite-difference sensitivity analysis suggested that the lateral wave-propagation effects are negligibly small, and locally 1-D computations are sufficient for the present site. Those computations are compared with observations not available to the authors during the blind prediction. Peak accelerations, peak velocities and RMS accelerations were predicted with errors less than 159%, 114% and 62%, respectively. Maxima of the response spectra were fitted within a factor of 2. The predicted and observed Husid's plots (i.e., the normalized cumulative plots of the acceleration squared) have the correlation coefficients 0.98. The detected misfits do not show any simple relation to the instrument location, component, frequency, or time. 相似文献
24.
The imbalance between incoming and outgoing salt causes salinization of soils and sub-soils that result in increasing the
salinity of stream-flows and agriculture land. This salinization is a serious environmental hazard particularly in semi-arid
and arid lands. In order to estimate the magnitude of the hazard posed by salinity, it is important to understand and identify
the processes that control salt movement from the soil surface through the root zone to the ground water and stream flows.
In the present study, Malaprabha sub-basin (up to dam site) has been selected which has two distinct climatic zones, sub-humid
(upstream of Khanapur) and semi-arid region (downstream of Khanapur). In the upstream, both surface and ground waters are
used for irrigation, whereas in the downstream mostly groundwater is used. Both soils and ground waters are more saline in
downstream parts of the study area. In this study we characterized the soil salinity and groundwater quality in both areas.
An attempt is also made to model the distribution of potassium concentration in the soil profile in response to varying irrigation
conditions using the SWIM (Soil-Water Infiltration and Movement) model. Fair agreement was obtained between predicted and
measured results indicating the applicability of the model. 相似文献
25.
藏南白垩系黑-红层沉积岩有机质组成分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对藏南江孜县床得剖面白垩系黑层和红层沉积岩进行的有机地球化学研究表明,黑层有机碳含量高于红层5~10倍,红层和黑层饱和烃主峰碳数分别为nC25和nC23;黑层和红层沉积有机质的母质来源都以水生植物和菌藻类等低等生物为主,陆源有机质的输入非常有限;但饱和烃的分布和主峰碳数的差异可能反映了有机母源物质在种群方面的差异,而这种差异可能主要是水体温度存在差异造成的,即红层发育时期水体温度可能高于黑层沉积时期.而在高温度条件下,水生生物和陆生植物的生长发育受到限制,造成原始有机质产率和有机质沉积保存量低可能是红层沉积岩形成的主要原因. 相似文献
26.
The aim of this interdisciplinary study is to examine a component of the hydrological cycle in Galapagos by characterizing
soil properties. Nine soil profiles were sampled on two islands. Their physical and hydrodynamic properties were analyzed,
along with their mineralogical composition. Two groups of soils were identified, with major differences between them. The
first group consists of soils located in the highlands (>350 m a.s.l.), characterized by low hydraulic conductivity (<10−5 m s−1) and low porosity (<25%). These soils are thick (several meters) and homogeneous without coarse components. Their clay fraction
is considerable and dominated by gibbsite. The second group includes soils located in the low parts of the islands (<300 m
a.s.l.). These soils are characterized by high hydraulic conductivity (>10−3 m s−1) and high porosity (>35%). The structure of these soils is heterogeneous and includes coarse materials. The physical properties
of the soils are in good agreement with the variations of the rainfall according to the elevation, which appears as the main
factor controlling the soil development. The clayey alteration products constrain soils physical and hydrodynamic properties
by reducing the porosity and consequently the permeability and also by increasing water retention. 相似文献
27.
Flood hazard delineation combining geomorphological and hydrological methods: an example in the Northern Iberian Peninsula 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Flood mapping requires the combination and integration of geomorphological and hydrological-hydraulic methods; however, despite
this, there is very little scientific literature that compares and validates both methods. Two types of analysis are addressed
in the present article. On the one hand, maps of flood plains have been elaborated using geomorphological evidence and historical
flood data in the mountainous area of northwestern Spain, covering an area of more then 232 km2 of floodplains. On the other hand, a hydrometeorological model has been developed (Clark semidistributed unit hydrograph)
in the Sarria River basin (155 km2, NW Spain). This basin is not gauged, hence the model was subjected to a goodness-of-fit test of its parameter (curve number)
by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The peak flows obtained by means of the hydrological model were used for hydraulic modeling
(one-phase, one-dimensional and steady flow) in a 4 km2 urban stretch of the river bed. The delineation of surface areas affected by floods since 1918, as well as those analyzed
subsequent to the geomorphological study, reveals a high degree of reliability in the delineation of the flooded areas with
frequent recurrence intervals (<50 years). If we compare these flooded surface areas with the estimate obtained by the hydrological-hydraulic
method we can see that the latter method overestimates the extent of the surface water by 144% for very frequent recurrence
intervals (>10 years) and underestimates it as the recurrence interval increases, by up to 80% less floodplain for exceptional
events (>500 years). Finally, a management map is put forth combining the most reliable results available by integrating both
methods.
Originally presented at the Sixth International Conference on Geomorphology. 相似文献
28.
29.
不同年度收存的褶皱臂尾轮虫休眠卵的孵化及滞育胚胎“激活”效果的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
比较了 1 985— 1 998年间由同一褶皱臂尾轮虫 (Brachionusplicatilis)种群在实验室内历年产生并收存的休眠卵的孵化效果 ,并初步探讨了胚胎“激活”处理对孵化的影响。结果表明 ,休眠卵的收存年度或时间对其在一定孵育期内的总孵化率 (THR)和日孵化率 (DHR)有极显著影响 (x2 检验 ,p<0 .0 0 1 ) ,但THR和DHR与储存时间间均无显著的相关性 ,而是呈极大波动。同时发现“激活”作用具有促使孵化高峰提前到来、增强孵化同步性的双重功效 ,从而可明显缩短孵育时间 ,提高孵化速率。但“激活”前后多数卵样的总孵化率无显著变化 (p >0 .0 5 )。详细讨论了可能导致孵化率波动的多种因素 ,例如遗传变异、培养历史、储存及孵化的环境条件等。 相似文献
30.
1 .IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofoceantechnology ,moreandmoreextremelylargeandlongflexibleoff shoreplatformsusedforoilexplorationanddrillingoperationarebuiltinhostileoceanenvironments .Ingeneral,thiskindofplatformsisanonlineardistributedparametersystemanditsnaturalfrequencyfallsclosertothedominantwavefrequencieswiththeincreaseofwaterdepth .Besides ,itsstructureisverycomplexandtheexternalwaveforceontheplatformisuncertain .Thus ,theseplatformsarepronetoexcessivewave inducedoscillationsunderbot… 相似文献